scholarly journals Comparison of CBCT with different voxel sizes and intraoral scanner for detection of periodontal defects: an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 20190197
Author(s):  
Murat Icen ◽  
Kaan Orhan ◽  
Çiğdem Şeker ◽  
Gediz Geduk ◽  
Fethiye Cakmak Özlü ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Intraoral Scanner ◽  
Voxel Size ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Intraoral Scanning

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam CT (CBCT) units with different voxel sizes with the digital intraoral scanning technique in terms of the detection of periodontal defects. Methods and materials: The study material comprised of 12 dry skulls with maxilla and mandible. Artificial defects were created on teeth separately using burs randomly on dry skulls. In total 46 dehiscences, 10 fenestrations, 17 furcations, 12 wall defects and 13 without periodontal defect were used in the study. Each tooth with and without defects was imaged at various vertical angles using each of the following modalities: a Veraviewepocs 3D R100 CBCT device and a 3D Shape TRIOSㄾ Color P13 Shade Intraoral Scanner. Results: The κ values for interobserver agreement between observers ranged between 0.29 and 0.86 for the CBCT 10 × 8 cm field of view (FOV) with 0,160 mm3 voxel size; 0.35 and 1 for the CBCT 8 × 8 cm FOV with 0,125 mm3 voxel size; and 0.30 and 1 of intraoral scans. The κ values for detecting defects on anterior teeth were the least, following premolar and molar teeth both CBCT and intraoral scanning. Conclusions: Smaller voxel sizes and smaller CBCT FOV has the highest sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy for detecting various periodontal defects among the scanner modalities examined. Advances in knowledge: Adequate evaluation of the condition of the alveolar bone and periodontal tissues is important for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of periodontal disease. Limited examination methods, such as palpation, inspection, and periodontal probe examination, may provide insufficient information for the diagnosis of periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Accuracy Improvement of Intraoral Scanning and Buccal Bite Registration Using Healing Abutment as Landmarks: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Gan Jin ◽  
Jong-Eun Kim ◽  
Na-Eun Nam ◽  
Seung-Ho Shin ◽  
June-Sung Shim
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Intraoral Scanner ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Accuracy Improvement ◽  
Posterior Tooth ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Intraoral Scanning

This study aimed to determine the influence of the healing abutment (HA), placed at the implant placement site, on the accuracy of intraoral scanning and buccal bite registration in quadrant maxillary and mandibular models when using three types of intraoral scanner (IOS) and elucidate the distribution of arch distortion. Six experimental groups based on whether the HA was connected and the location of missing teeth were digitized using one laboratory scanner (Identica T500) and three IOSs (Trios 3, CS3600, and i500). Three-way ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of the scanner, location and number of missing teeth, and HA using Tukey investigation analyses for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). Linear distances between hemispheres from the upper and lower arches were analyzed using the Jonckheere–Terpstra trend test to investigate the tendency of distortion from anterior to posterior tooth positions (α = 0.05). The accuracy of IOSs in groups with HAs was found significantly more accurate than groups without HAs. There was a significant trend in distortion from anterior to posterior tooth positions when using the Trios 3 and i500 IOSs. The scanning accuracy was affected by the presence of an HA, and the distortion along with the arch span may vary with the IOS utilized.

Compressive Force Induces VEGF Production in Periodontal Tissues

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 752-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Miyagawa ◽  
M. Chiba ◽  
H. Hayashi ◽  
K. Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Vegf Mrna ◽  
Angiogenic Activity ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Pdl Cells

During orthodontic tooth movement, the activation of the vascular system in the compressed periodontal ligament (PDL) is an indispensable process in tissue remodeling. We hypothesized that compressive force would induce angiogenesis of PDL through the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We examined the localization of VEGF in rat periodontal tissues during experimental tooth movement in vivo, and the effects of continuous compressive force on VEGF production and angiogenic activity in human PDL cells in vitro. PDL cells adjacent to hyalinized tissue and alveolar bone on the compressive side showed marked VEGF immunoreactivity. VEGF mRNA expression and production in PDL cells increased, and conditioned medium stimulated tube formation. These results indicate that continuous compressive force enhances VEGF production and angiogenic activity in PDL cells, which may contribute to periodontal remodeling, including angiogenesis, during orthodontic tooth movement.

scholarly journals High Glucose-Mediated Cytokine Regulation in Gingival Fibroblasts and THP-1 Macrophage: a Possible Mechanism of Severe Periodontitis with Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 973-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Hwan Lew ◽  
Koji Naruishi ◽  
Yukari Kajiura ◽  
Yasufumi Nishikawa ◽  
Takahisa Ikuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Glucose ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Severe Periodontitis

Background/Aims: Diabetic patients are susceptible to severe periodontitis, but the precise mechanism is not fully understood. Aim of this study was to explore the biological pathogenesis of severe periodontitis in diabetic patients focusing on the crosstalk of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and macrophages. Methods: A total of 70 periodontitis patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) were enrolled, and the statistical relationships of diabetic conditions to the periodontal inflammatory parameters were examined by cross-sectional study. In in vitro study, HGFs cell line CRL-2014® (ATCC) and differentiated THP-1 macrophages were cultured with normal glucose (NG: 5.5 mM) or high glucose (HG: 25 mM) condition, and treated with indicated inflammatory factors such as calprotectin (CPT), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. To examine the effects of HG on soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) production in THP-1 macrophages, the supernatants were collected and the sIL-6R levels were measured by ELISA. To examine the effects of HG on IL-1β or IL-6-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) production in HGFs, the supernatants were collected. Levels of MMP-1 and tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 (TIMP-1) were measured by ELISA. Finally, after conditioned medium (CM) from THP-1 macrophages cultured with NG or HG conditions was collected, HGFs were treated with the CM. The supernatants were collected 24 hours later and the levels of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were measured. To examine the specific effects of IL-1β contained in CM on MMP-1 and TIMP-1 production in HGFs, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) was used. Results: There were statistical correlation between IL-1β and sIL-6R levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and HbA1c in periodontitis patients with DM (IL-1β: P=0.035, sIL-6R: P=0.040). HG and CPT significantly induced sIL-6R production in THP-1 macrophages. HG significantly enhanced IL-1β or IL-6/sIL-6R-induced MMP-1 production in HGFs. The increase of MMP-1 by both IL-1β and IL-6/sIL-6R was significantly inhibited by specific ERK or IκB inhibitors. Corresponding to the regulation of MMP-1 production, HG condition increased the phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK and IκBα in HGFs treated with IL-1β or IL-6/sIL-6R. Finally, MMP-1 production in HGFs cultured with HG increased significantly by CM from THP-1 macrophages cultured with HG. The induction of MMP-1 by the CM from THP-1 macrophages cultured with HG was significantly inhibited by dose dependent of IL-1ra in HGFs cultured with HG. Conclusion: Diabetic conditions such as HG induce IL-1β and sIL-6R production from macrophages in inflammatory periodontal tissues and may exacerbate the periodontitis synergistically via MMP-1 production from HGFs.

scholarly journals The Accuracy and Reliability of Tooth Shade Selection Using Different Instrumental Techniques: An In Vitro Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7490
Author(s):  
Nattapong Sirintawat ◽  
Tanyaporn Leelaratrungruang ◽  
Pongsakorn Poovarodom ◽  
Sirichai Kiattavorncharoen ◽  
Parinya Amornsettachai
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intraoral Scanner ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
B Values ◽  
Cie Lab ◽  
And Control ◽  
Shade Selection

This study aimed to investigate and compare the reliability and accuracy of tooth shade selection in the model using 30 milled crowns via five methods: (1) digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera with twin flash (TF) and polarized filter (DSLR + TF), (2) DSLR camera with a ring flash (RF) and polarized filter (DSLR + RF), (3) smartphone camera with light corrector and polarized filter (SMART), (4) intraoral scanner (IOS), and (5) spectrophotometer (SPEC). These methods were compared with the control group or manufacturer’s shade. The CIE Lab values (L, a, and b values) were obtained from five of the methods to indicate the color of the tooth. Adobe Photoshop was used to generate CIE Lab values from the digital photographs. The reliability was calculated from the intraclass correlation based on two repetitions. The accuracy was calculated from; (a) ΔE calculated by the formula comparing each method to the control group, (b) study and control groups were analyzed by using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and (c) the relationship between study and control groups were calculated using Spearman’s correlation. The reliability of the intraclass correlation of L, a, and b values obtained from the five methods showed satisfactory correlations ranging from 0.732–0.996, 0.887–0.994, and 0.884–0.999, respectively. The ΔE from all groups had statistically significant differences when compared to the border of clinical acceptance (ΔE = 6.8). The ΔE from DSLR + TF, DSLR + RF, SMART, and SPEC were higher than clinical acceptance (ΔE > 6.8), whereas the ΔE from IOS was 5.96 and all of the L, a, and b values were not statistically significantly different from the manufacturer’s shade (p < 0.01). The ΔE of the DSLR + RF group showed the least accuracy (ΔE = 19.98), whereas the ∆E of DSLR + TF, SMART, and SPEC showed similar accuracy ∆E (ΔE = 10.90, 10.57, and 11.57, respectively). The DSLR camera combined with a ring flash system and polarized filter provided the least accuracy. The intraoral scanner provided the highest accuracy. However, tooth shade selection deserves the combination of various techniques and a professional learning curve to establish the most accurate outcome.

scholarly journals Microleakage of Packable Composites Used in Post Spaces Condensed Using Different Methods

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Güliz Görgül ◽  
A. Cemal Tinaz ◽  
Tayfun Alaçam ◽  
Bağdagül H. Kivanç ◽  
Özgür Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Dye Penetration ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Mechanical Hand ◽  
Dentin Bonding Agent ◽  
Etched Surface ◽  
Clinical Problems

Abstract The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the apical and coronal microleakage of a packable composite material compacted by either hand or ultrasonic condensers when placed in post spaces. Fortytwo extracted anterior teeth were used. After conventional obturation of the root canals, parallel post spaces 5 mm in depth and 2 mm in diameter were prepared using Gates Glidden and diamond burs. A primer and a dentin bonding agent (Prime & Bond NT) was applied to the etched surface for 30 seconds and light polymerized for 40 seconds. Surefil packable composite resin was inserted in four equal increments and each polymerized for 40 seconds. Half of the specimens were compacted with an ultrasonic tip and the other half with a mechanical hand compactor. After immersion in the dye, the teeth were sectioned longitudinally and dye penetration was evaluated using a stereomicroscope and microleakage recorded in mm. A One-Way Analysis of Variance indicated the two condensing methods were not statistically different (p>0.05). When microleakage was compared within groups, there was also no statistical difference between coronal or apical microleakage (p>0.05). In an in vitro environment, ultrasonic condensers do not offer any advantage over hand condensers. Both the coronal and apical portions of the root had microleakage indicating that regardless of the condensation method and the use of a packable composite, there is still microleakage that could potentially create further clinical problems. Citation Görgül G, Alaçam T, Kivanç BH, et. al. Microleakage of Packable Composites Used in Post Spaces Condensed Using Different Methods. J Contemp Dent Pract 2002 May;(3)2: 023-030.

scholarly journals Photoelastic analysis of stress generated by Connecticut Intrusion Arch (CIA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Schwertner ◽  
Renato Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Alcides Gonini Jr ◽  
Marcio Rodrigues de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Distal Surface ◽  
Group 2

ABSTRACT Objective: The present in vitro study evaluated, by means of the photoelastic technique, the effects generated by the Connecticut Intrusion Arch (CIA), with a 90o bend on the distal surface of molar tubes and using the 4 x 2 appliance on the anterior and posterior regions of the upper dental arch. Methods: Five models were manufactured, in which two different clinical situations were correlated: 1) use of intrusion arch not cinched back and transpalatal bar for anchorage (Group 1); 2) use of intrusion arch cinched back and transpalatal bar for anchorage (Group 2). Stress generated in the apical and middle regions of tooth roots of maxillary anterior teeth and maxillary first molars was evaluated. Results: Taking a reference value of 1.0 MPa = 100%, qualitative descriptive analysis was performed, which showed uniformity between stress values in the apical region of anterior teeth of both groups (G1 and G2). In the posterior region, for models with the arch cinched back (G2), stress remained within 100%. As for G1 models (with the arch not cinched back), variations in the mesial surface of first molars were observed, with an increase of 20% in the generated stress. The apical region did not undergo any changes, while in the distal region of molars there was a decrease of 20% in stress. Conclusion: Laboratory results revealed differences in stress between Groups 1 and 2 in the molar region, thereby indicating that there was a tendency towards mesial root tipping of first molars when the distal end of the CIA was not cinched back.

Involvement of Cot/Tp12 in Bone Loss during Periodontitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ohnishi ◽  
A. Okamoto ◽  
K. Kakimoto ◽  
K. Bandow ◽  
N. Chiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Rankl Expression ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis ◽  
Deficient Mice

Periodontitis causes resorption of alveolar bone, in which RANKL induces osteoclastogenesis. The binding of lipopolysaccharide to Toll-like receptors causes phosphorylation of Cot/Tp12 to activate the MAPK cascade. Previous in vitro studies showed that Cot/Tp12 was essential for the induction of RANKL expression by lipopolysaccharide. In this study, we examined whether Cot/Tp12 deficiency reduced the progression of alveolar bone loss and osteoclastogenesis during experimental periodontitis. We found that the extent of alveolar bone loss and osteoclastogenesis induced by ligature-induced periodontitis was decreased in Cot/Tp12-deficient mice. In addition, reduction of RANKL expression was observed in periodontal tissues of Cot/Tp12-deficient mice with experimental periodontitis. Furthermore, we found that Cot/Tp12 was involved in the induction of TNF-α mRNA expression in gingiva of mice with experimental periodontitis. Our observations suggested that Cot/Tp12 is essential for the progression of alveolar bone loss and osteoclastogenesis in periodontal tissue during experimental periodontitis mediated through increased RANKL expression.

Effects of eugenol and non-eugenol endodontic fillers on short post retention, in primary anterior teeth: an in vitro study

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Teixeira Alves ◽  
Ricardo de Sousa Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Anterior Teeth

The aim of this study was to measure in vitro the tensile bond strength of short composite posts in anterior primary teeth filled with calcium hydroxide and eugenol-based endodontic filling materials. Means of tensile strength ranged from 2.66 to 3.56MPa. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. It was concluded that the type of filling material used in the endodontic treatment did not interfere with the tensile strength.

scholarly journals Safety Irradiation Parameters of Nd:YAP Laser Beam for Endodontic Treatments: An In Vitro Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Namour ◽  
S. Geerts ◽  
T. Zeinoun ◽  
R. De Moor ◽  
S. Nammour
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Root Surfaces ◽  
Safety Range

Objective. Nd:YAP laser has several potentialities of clinical applications in endodontics. The aim of our study is to determine the safety range of irradiation parameters during endodontic application of Nd:YAP laser that can be used without damaging and overheating the periodontal tissue.Material and Methods. Twenty-seven caries-free single-rooted extracted human teeth were used. Crowns were sectioned to obtain 11 mm root canal length. Temperature increases at root surfaces were measured by a thermocouple during Nd:YAP laser irradiation of root canals at different energy densities. Canal irradiation was accomplished with a circular and retrograde movement from the apex until the cervical part of the canal during 10 seconds with an axial speed of 1 mm/s. Each irradiation was done in a canal irrigated continuously with 2.25% NaOCl solution.Results. Periodontal temperature increase depends on the value of energy density. Means and standard deviations of temperature increases at root surfaces were below 10°C (safe threshold level) when the average energy densities delivered per second were equal to or below 4981 J/cm2and 9554 J/cm2, respectively, for irradiations using a fiber diameter of 320 μm and 200 μm.Conclusions. Within the limitations of this study and under specific irradiation conditions, Nd:YAP laser beam may be considered harmless for periodontal tissues during endodontic applications.

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