The Effects of live- in rehabilitation on ARV adherence, abstinence from drugs and lifestyle modification in people who inject drugs (PWID) Living with HIV – A clinic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (ICON-2022) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneela Hussain ◽  
Anum Rahim ◽  
Anila Sheikh ◽  
Ahsun Jiwani
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Recreational Drugs ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Back To Work

Background & Objective: HIV/AIDS is mostly seen in people who inject recreational drugs (PWID). Adherence has to be optimum for its treatment to be effective. Compliance to HIV medication has been problematic in PWID making HIV control difficult. Many studies in the past have validated educational activities like rehabilitation programs beneficial in maintaining regularity in medication intake. This brought us to the question of looking at such programs and its effects on our population. This study was conducted to assess the impact of other perspectives of abstinence and adherence including family support and employment status on a person’s willingness for treatment continuation and avoidance of drugs. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 241 PWID was conducted to assess adherence to antiretroviral agents (ARVs) and abstinence from recreational drugs post visit to the rehabilitation center. Associations with family support, marital status, employment, income and back to work status were also assessed. Results: Adherence to ARVs had significant statistical association with marital status (p=0.025), starting work again (p=0.001), family support (p=0.009), employment status (p=0.009) and monthly income (p=0.025). While family support (p=0.033), employment status (p<0.0001), Going back to work (p<0.0001), mode of travel to Rehabilitation center (p<0.0001) and monthly income (p=0.004) were associated with abstinence from drugs. Duration of rehabilitation or age had no effect on adherence or abstinence in our patient population of PWID. Conclusion: Family and spousal support and employment promote optimal ARV compliance and should be encouraged when starting ARVs. Enrollment in a long-term complementing educational program would further enhance ARV intake and abstinence. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5780 How to cite this:Hussain A, Rahim A, Sheikh A, Jiwani A. The Effects of live- in rehabilitation on ARV adherence, abstinence from drugs and lifestyle modification in people who inject drugs (PWID) Living with HIV – A clinic review. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(2):411-416.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.ICON-2022.5780 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Awareness of Glaucoma and associated Risk Factors in Urban Community

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahariar Islam ◽  
Shahariar Islam ◽  
Shahariar Islam ◽  
Shahariar Islam ◽  
Shahariar Islam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Residential Status ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Status Occupation ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background :Although glaucoma is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, the condition shows no signs or symptoms until later stages. Knowledge about the disease is known to influence utilization of eye screening services. This study aimed at understanding knowledge and awareness of glaucoma and its associated risk factors among residents of urban community of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with the use of a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and awareness of glaucoma and associated risk factors. Results: Out of a total of 185 respondents, 52.3 % were females and 0.5 % were aware of glaucoma. Majority (99.5 %) of the respondents were unaware of glaucoma and 24.3% (n=45) of the respondents didn't know that the disease can result in blindness. Only (16.2%) affirming that blindness from glaucoma is irreversible. 9.2 % of the respondents perceived themselves to be at risk of developing glaucoma. The results showed that age, sex, level of education, employment status, occupation, residential status, marital status and monthly income of the respondents (p<0.05) were statistically significant with glaucoma knowledge level. In addition, the result also showed that age, level of education, employment status, occupation, residential status, marital status and monthly income of the respondents (p<0.05) were statistically significant with glaucoma awareness. Conclusion: Glaucoma awareness was not satisfactory and the findings also display inadequate knowledge about glaucoma. So there is a need to effectively inform and educate people about the disease.

scholarly journals Care Burden and Coping Strategies Among Caregivers of Paediatric HIV/AIDS in Northern Uganda: A Cross-sectional Mixed-method Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Mujjuzi ◽  
Paul Mutegeki ◽  
Sarah Nabuwufu ◽  
Ashim Wosukira ◽  
Fazirah Namata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Burden ◽  
Paediatric Hiv ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Family caregivers provide the bulk of care to children living with HIV. This places an enormous demand and care burden on the caregivers, who often struggle to cope in various ways, some of which may be maladaptive. This may adversely affect their quality of care. Very few literatures exist in resource-limited contexts on the burden of care experienced by caregivers on who children living with HIV/AIDS depend for their long term care. We assessed care burden and coping strategies among the caregivers of paediatric HIV/AIDS patients in Lira district, northern Uganda. Methods: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted among 113 caregivers of paediatric HIV patients attending ART clinic at a tertiary healthcare facility in Lira district, northern Uganda. Consecutive sampling method was used to select participants for the quantitative study, while 15 respondents were purposively sampled for the qualitative data. Quantitative data were collected using standard interviewer-administered questionnaires while in-depth interview guides were used to collect qualitative data. Data were entered, cleaned, and analysed using SPSS version 23. Qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results: Majority of the caregivers 65.5% (74) experienced mild to moderate burden. The mean burden scores significantly differed by caregivers’ age ( P =0.017), marital status ( P =0.017), average monthly income ( P =0.035) and the child’s school attendance ( P =0.039). Accepting social support, seeking spiritual support and reframing were the three most commonly used strategies for coping. Marital status and occupation were respectively positively and negatively correlated with information seeking as a coping strategy, while monthly income was positively correlated with psychosocial support as a strategy. Seeking community support was negatively correlated with the duration of the child's care. Conclusions: Our findings show that care burden is a common problem among the caregivers of children living with HIV in the study context.

scholarly journals Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Beban Caregiver dalam Merawat Keluarga yang Mengalami Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Yolla Nandha Ariska ◽  
Prita Adisty Handayani ◽  
Elis Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Stroke is a disease that most often causes disability in the form of paralysis of the limbs, speech disorders, thought processes and other forms of disability. In this condition, stroke patients need caregiver assistance to meet their daily needs. The caregiver faces physical, psychological, social, economic problems in providing care. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with caregiver burden in caring for family members suffering from stroke. Methods: This was a quantitative study with a cross sectional design. The research instrument used the Zarit Burden Interview questionnaire. The study recruited 56 caregivers as the sample with the inclusion criteria of caregivers aged ≥ 26 years old, providing care for stroke patient as a main caregiver in at least 3 monthsduration of care. The samples were selected by applying purposive sampling technique, and the data were analyzed by Chi Square test. Results: The study shows a significant relationshipbetween age (p=0.009), gender (p=0.001), employment status (p=0.002), income (p=0.000), marital status (p=0.025), family relationship (p=0.011), family support (p=0.000) and caregiver burden, however no correlation was identified between education and caregiver burden (p = 0.155). Conclusion: Age, gender, employment status, income, marital status, family relationships and family support are significantly related to the burden of caregivers in caring for stroke family members. Health services are expected to adequately provideinformation for caregivers related to how to care for stroke patients, in order to reduce the caregiver's burden. 

Social support and mental health status of internal migrants in Beijing

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Jianhua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Internal Migrants

We investigated the mental health status of 320 internal migrants in Beijing according to gender, age, marital status, and monthly income, and examined the relationship between their mental health status and social support mechanisms. Participants completed the self-report Symptom Checklist-90-R and Social Support Rating Scale. Results showed that their mental health was significantly worse than the Chinese adult norm as assessed in 2017. Participants' social support varied according to age, marital status, and monthly income. Female participants younger than 30 years old with a monthly income lower than 3,000 yuan comprised the group with the most mental health disorder symptoms. They thus required greater personal attention to their health. The results suggested that social support can predict mental health among internal migrants. Directions for further research are discussed.

scholarly journals Streptococcus pyogenes Infective Endocarditis – Association with Injection Drug Use: Case Series and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie T Rebechi ◽  
Emily L Heil ◽  
Paul M Luethy ◽  
Sarah A Schmalzle
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Duke Criteria ◽  
Group A ◽  
Polymicrobial Bacteremia ◽  
Predominantly Female ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Streptococcus pyogenes, or Group A Strep (GAS), is not considered a typical cause of infective endocarditis (IE), but has anecdotally been observed in unexpectedly high rates in people who inject drugs (PWID) at our institution. Methods All cases of possible or definite GAS IE per Modified Duke Criteria in adults at an academic hospital between 11/15/2015 and 11/15/2020 were identified. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, comorbidities, treatment, and outcomes related to GAS IE. Literature on cases of GAS IE was reviewed. Results 18 cases of probable (11) or definite (7) GAS IE were identified; mean age was 38 years, and the population was predominantly female (56%) and Caucasian (67%), which is inconsistent with local population demographics. Sixteen cases were in people who inject drugs (PWID) (89%), 14 were also homeless, six were also living with HIV (33%), and two were also pregnant. Antibiotic regimens were variable due to polymicrobial bacteremia (39%). One patient underwent surgical valve replacement. Four patients (22%) died due to complications of infection. Literature review revealed 42 adult cases of GAS IE, only 17 of which were in PWID (24%). Conclusions The 16 cases of possible and definite GAS IE in PWID over a five-year period in a single institution reported nearly doubles the number of cases in PWID from all previous reports. This suggests a potential increase in GAS IE particularly in PWID and PLWH, which warrants further epidemiologic investigation.

scholarly journals The THE SPECTRUM OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY AT MERPATI CLINIC, BALI, INDONESIA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
NOVIANA JOENPUTRI ◽  
KETUT SURYANA
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Objective: Infections contributed to higher morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to describe the spectrum of opportunistic infections (OIs) and associated factors among PLWHA on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at Merpati Clinic, Wangaya Regional General Hospital in Denpasar, Bali. Methods: This was a retrospective study. All of PLWHA, who still receiving HAART at Merpati Clinic from January 2018 to January 2020, who met inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included as subjects in this study. All data were collected through a review of the complete medical record of patients. Results: The prevalence of OIs in this study was 43.4%. Most PLWHA who experienced OIs were male (68.8%), age ≤40 y old with a median of age 36 y old, educational status senior high school (57.7%), married (62.1%), employed (89.7%), CD4 cell count ≥ 200 cells/µl (67.6%) and transmission route of HIV non-Intravenous (IV) drug user (99.2%). Sex, age, marital status, and CD4 cell count were significantly associated with OIs, p=0.000, p=0.005, p=0.005, and p=0.000, respectively. Conclusion: The commonest OI in this study was pulmonary tuberculosis. The presence of OIs was associated with sex, age of HIV diagnosis, marital status, and CD4 cell count. With the knowledge of OIs spectrum, clinicians are expected to be able to prevent, diagnose and treat OIs promptly to decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by OIs efficiently.

scholarly journals Gender, Marital Status and Life Satisfaction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore N Greenstein
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship

*This paper uses materials from the World Values Survey and the EuropeanValues Study from 2006-2014 to study the relationship of gender and maritalstatus to life satisfaction. In an analysis of 103,217 respondents from 81nations I find that while there do not seem to be main effects of gender onlife satisfaction – that is, women are no more or less satisfied with theirlives than are men -- gender moderates the effects of geographical region,age, employment status, education, religious affiliation, and attendance ofreligious services on life satisfaction. In particular, there aresubstantial differences in the effects of marital status on lifesatisfaction by gender. The gender differences in most effects are sosubstantial that I argue that it makes no sense to analyze lifesatisfaction data without performing separate analyses by gender. *

scholarly journals Penerapan Metode SMART dalam Seleksi Penerima Bantuan Sosial Warga Masyarakat Terdampak COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Bambang TJ Hutagalung ◽  
Elida Tuti Siregar ◽  
Juanda Hakim Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Electricity Tariff ◽  
Selection Of

The Tabita Women's Association (PW) faces obstacles in determining objective criteria in determining community members affected by Covid-19 for social assistance to be distributed so that they are right on target. This is due to the absence of a systematic and measurable system in determining which citizens are eligible as recipients of social assistance. To help PW Tabita, it is necessary to establish a system capable of providing output recommendations for the selection of the most appropriate community members as recipients of social assistance. The criteria for selecting social assistance recipients refer to the fulfillment of several elements, namely: employment status, monthly income, number of dependents, residence status, electricity tariff status, insurance participants, and PKH (Family Hope Program) participants. The Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) method is a method applied in this research. The results showed that determining the appropriate weight for each criterion greatly influenced the results of the calculation of the recommendation for providing social funds for people affected by Covid-19. Then in order to obtain more accurate results, it is necessary to test the validity of the criteria to obtain more precise criteria in accordance with the eligibility needs of receiving social funds for community members affected by Covid-19 from PW Tabita.

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