Recovery-Stress States of Professional Ballet Dancers During Different Phases of a Ballet Season

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana S. De Wet ◽  
Eileen Africa ◽  
Ranel Venter
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Recovery Stress ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Classical Ballet ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Negative Training

Ballet dancers are exposed to chronic high training and performance demands that are associated with overtraining syndrome and injury. Balancing high training loads with recovery to reduce the risk of negative training adaptations is critical. Moreover, the recovery-stress states of professional ballet dancers during training phases of a season are largely unknown. Professional dancers (n = 27) from one classical ballet company in South Africa were monitored for two 8-week phases of a ballet season. A recovery-stress questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-76 Sport) was completed weekly during the rehearsal phase (P1) and the performance phase (P2), which took place at the start and the end of the ballet season, respectively. Comparisons were calculated between phases, sexes, and levels of performance with a mixed-model ANOVA and between demographic variables with a one-way ANOVA. The performance phase was signified by lower total recovery (TR, p < 0.01) and higher total stress (TS, p < 0.01) for the group. Female dancers had significantly lower recovery scores than male dancers during P2 (p < 0.01). No differences between levels of performance were found. Subscales previously associated with overreaching and injury were identified in certain groups during P2. In conclusion, P2 was a critical period where dancers, especially females, experienced high stress and low recovery. This could increase the risk for injury and negative training adaptations.

Relaxation and Recovery in Sport and Performance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Pelka ◽  
Michael Kellmann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Recovery Stress ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Recovery From Work ◽  
Stress States ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

The sport and performance environment is highly demanding for its actors. Therefore, recovery from work and sports requires special attention. Without adequate recovery, optimal performance is not attainable. It depends, however, on the individual what adequate recovery actually is. An extremely demanding event for someone may not be as demanding for someone else. Every individual perceives his or her environment differently and therefore has to choose his or her response or prevention strategy accordingly. Monitoring one’s recovery-stress states might be a promising starting point to establish individual baselines and further regulate training or work intensities. Relaxation in terms of implementing systematic relaxation techniques seems to be an adequate approach. These techniques can be divided into muscle-to-mind and mind-to-muscle techniques focusing either on the training of one’s sensitivity to muscle tension or on the cognitive processes involved in relaxation. Whether the recovery process is finally successful depends on if the chosen methods fit the purpose of recovery (i.e., response to cognitive or physical demands), the setting/circumstance (i.e., time and place), and how comfortable one feels with the specific recovery strategy.

Wellness Monitoring for Professional Ballet Dancers: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly Harrison ◽  
Scott Ruddock ◽  
Paul O'Halloran ◽  
Susan Mayes ◽  
Jill Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Interview Session ◽  
Classical Ballet ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Data Frequency

Self-report wellness measures are used extensively in elite sport as valid indicators of the adaptive responses to training and performance of an athlete. Wellness parameters such as quality and quantity of sleep, muscle soreness, fatigue, and stress are monitored in professional sport via Athlete Management Systems (AMS) and self-report monitoring applications (App). However, the use of a monitoring App specifically for professional classical ballet dancers has not been tested. This study piloted a self-report App to measure wellness constructs in a professional ballet company. Three male and two female dancers volunteered to take part in the mixed-method study, entering daily wellness data, frequency of work-related activities, and injury status into an App on their smart phones. Via a focus group interview session, perceptions of wellness and experiences using the App were found to be favorable, with dancers reporting that the App enhanced awareness of their well-being. To further develop monitoring tools in professional ballet companies, it is recommended that the App be made specific to the wellness needs of dancers.

scholarly journals Characterization of Ceramic Composite Materials for Gas Turbine Applications

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Reifsnider ◽  
Wayne Stinchcomb ◽  
Kin Liao ◽  
Lynda Oleksuk ◽  
Dave Stinton
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
Specialized Equipment ◽  
Ceramic Composite Materials ◽  
Stress States ◽  
And Performance

Ceramic composite materials have the capability to sustain high stress in the presence of high temperatures and aggressive atmospheres. Such materials are being considered for application as cumbustors, burner tubes, heat exchangers, headers, hot-gas filters, and even rotors of stationary gas turbine engines. In the present program, Nicalon preforms of tubular geometry were fabricated with different fiber architectures (filament winding, 3D braiding, or cloth winding) to tailor the mechanical properties for specific applications. However, these applications require that candidate materials be carefully characterized. Mechanical characterization must establish the properties and performance that are essential for structural design of the turbine components. For this purpose, a full complement of properties is needed, i.e., the stiffness and strengths of the composite materials at a range of temperatures, and the fatigue and creep behavior of the materials under the stress states anticipated by the user. This mechanical characterization requires specialized equipment and methodologies, which are now under development by the authors. This paper will present a description of the methodologies required for ceramic composite characterization, and will describe initial results for ceramic composite tubes, a representative geometry for gas turbine components. Future needs and opportunities will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Assessment of Maximum Aerobic Capacity and Anaerobic Threshold of Elite Ballet Dancers

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A Wyon ◽  
Nick Allen ◽  
Ross Cloak ◽  
Sarah Beck ◽  
Paul Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Termination Criteria ◽  
Classical Ballet ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Post Hoc

An athlete’s cardiorespiratory profile, maximal aerobic capacity, and anaerobic threshold is affected by training regimen and competition demands. The present study aimed to ascertain whether there are company rank differences in maximal aerobic capacity and anaerobic threshold in elite classical ballet dancers. Seventy-four volunteers (M 34, F 40) were recruited from two full-time professional classical ballet companies. All participants completed a continuous incremental treadmill protocol with a 1-km/hr speed increase at the end of each 1-min stage until termination criteria had been achieved (e.g., voluntary cessation, respiratory exchange ratio <1.15, HR ±5 bpm of estimated HRmax). Peak VO2 (5-breathe smooth) was recorded and anaerobic threshold calculated using ventilatory curve and ventilatory equivalents methods. Statistical analysis reported between-subject effects for gender (F1,67=35.18, p<0.001) and rank (F1,67=8.67, p<0.001); post hoc tests reported soloists (39.5±5.15 mL/kg/min) as having significantly lower VO2 peak than artists (45.9±5.75 mL/kg/min, p<0.001) and principal dancers (48.07±3.24 mL/kg/min, p<0.001). Significant differences in anaerobic threshold were reported for age (F1,67=7.68, p=0.008) and rank (F1,67=3.56, p=0.034); post hoc tests reported artists (75.8±5.45%) having significantly lower anaerobic threshold than soloists (80.9±5.71, p<0.01) and principals (84.1±4.84%, p<0.001). The observed differences in VO2 peak and anaerobic threshold between the ranks in ballet companies are probably due to the different rehearsal and performance demands.

scholarly journals Association of Cognitive Function Screening Results with Adherence and Performance in a Pedometer-Based Intervention

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anoop Sheshadri ◽  
Piyawan Kittiskulnam ◽  
Cynthia Delgado ◽  
Rebecca L. Sudore ◽  
Jennifer C. Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
And Performance

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> A randomized, controlled trial of a pedometer-based walking intervention with weekly activity goals led to increased walking among dialysis patients. We examined whether impairment per cognitive function screening is associated with adherence and performance in the intervention. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirty dialysis patients were randomly assigned to a 3-month pedometer-based intervention with weekly goals. Participants were administered the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TICS), a test of global mental status. We examined the association of levels of impairment on the TICS (≥33: unimpaired, 26–32: ambiguous impairment, 21–25: mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) with adherence, achieving weekly goals, and increasing steps, physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery, SPPB), and self-reported physical function (PF) through multivariable linear mixed-model and logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, BMI, dialysis modality, baseline steps, baseline SPPB, and stroke status. <b><i>Results:</i></b> One-third of participants were unimpaired, and 13% had MCI. Participants with worse results on cognitive function screening missed more calls and completed fewer weekly goals than participants with better results. During the intervention, a worse result on cognitive function screening was associated with smaller increases in steps compared to those without impairment: (ambiguous: −620 [95% CI −174, −1,415], MCI: −1,653 [95% CI −120, −3,187]); less improvement in SPPB (ambiguous: −0.22 points [95% CI −0.08, −0.44], MCI: −0.45 [95% CI −0.13, −0.77]); and less improvement in PF (ambiguous: −4.0 points [95% CI −12.2, 4.1], MCI: −14.0 [95% CI −24.9, −3.1]). During the postintervention period, a worse result on cognitive function screening was associated with smaller increases in SPPB (ambiguous: −0.54 [95% CI −1.27, 0.19], MCI: −0.97 [95% CI −0.37, −1.58]) and PF (ambiguous: −3.3 [95% CI −6.5, −0.04], MCI: −10.5 [95% CI −18.7, −2.3]). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Participants with worse results on cognitive function screening had worse adherence and derived less benefit from this pedometer-based intervention. Future exercise interventions should be developed incorporating methods to address cognitive impairment, for example, by including caregivers when planning such interventions.

scholarly journals Recovery-Stress Response of Blood-Based Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5776
Author(s):  
Sebastian Hacker ◽  
Thomas Reichel ◽  
Anne Hecksteden ◽  
Christopher Weyh ◽  
Kristina Gebhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Recovery Stress ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Time Points ◽  
S100 Calcium Binding Protein ◽  
Stress States

The purpose of this study was to investigate blood-based biomarkers and their regulation with regard to different recovery-stress states. A total of 35 male elite athletes (13 badminton, 22 soccer players) were recruited, and two venous blood samples were taken: one in a ‘recovered’ state (REC) after a minimum of one-day rest from exercise and another one in a ‘non-recovered’ state (NOR) after a habitual loading microcycle. Overall, 23 blood-based biomarkers of different physiologic domains, which address inflammation, muscle damage, and tissue repair, were analyzed by Luminex assays. Across all athletes, only creatine kinase (CK), interleukin (IL-) 6, and IL-17A showed higher concentrations at NOR compared to REC time points. In badminton players, higher levels of CK and IL-17A at NOR were found. In contrast, a higher value for S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) at REC was found in badminton players. Similar differences were found for BDNF in soccer players. Soccer players also showed increased levels of CK, and IL-6 at NOR compared to REC state. Several molecular markers were shown to be responsive to differing recovery-stress states, but their suitability as biomarkers in training must be further validated.

scholarly journals 109 Phytate supplementation has minimal impact on mineral digestibility in horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Author(s):  
Katy Brinkley-Bissinger ◽  
Laura M Cersosimo ◽  
Kathleen E Sullivan ◽  
Shannon E Livingston ◽  
Jill M Bobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Inorganic Mineral

Abstract Phosphorus in equine rations is supplied by inorganic mineral fortification or naturally-occurring P in forages and grains. Up to 70% of P in plant material is bound to phytate. In monogastrics like poultry and swine, phytate can reduce absorption of P and divalent cations, but the extent that this occurs in horses is unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that phytate decreases mineral digestibility in horses. Six mature Quarter Horse geldings (mean ± SE, 586 ± 19 kg, 10 ± 1.5 y) were randomly assigned to two treatments applied in a cross-over design: IP6 (Ca-Mg-phytate isolated from rice bran fed at 15 mg phytic acid/kg BW) or CON (equivalent Ca, Mg and P from inorganic minerals to match intake from IP6). The level of phytate added represented an amount present in grain-rich rations typically fed to broodmares, growing horses and performance athletes. Supplements were added to a basal diet (1.75% BW, DM basis) consisting of 75% timothy hay and 25% roughage-based concentrate. Each 14-d period had an 11-d treatment adaptation followed by a 3-d total fecal collection. After acid digestion, P was determined colorimetrically and other minerals were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Data were analyzed using mixed model ANOVA. Intakes of Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Cu and Fe were similar between treatments (140, 72, 40, 1.05, 0.24, and 1.78 mg/kg BW respectively). Apparent P digestibility (18.8 and 17%, SEM 1.9; P = 0.41) and estimates of true P digestibility (32.8 and 30.8%, SEM 1.9; P = 0.39) were similar between CON and IP6. Apparent digestibilities of other minerals were also not affected by IP6 supplementation. Findings suggest horses have sufficient microbial phytase activity in the gastrointestinal tract to mitigate impacts of dietary phytate. Higher levels or different forms of phytate and marginal mineral intake may yield different results.

4 THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON TURNOUT IN CLASSICAL BALLET DANCERS

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Cunningham ◽  
Laura ◽  
Kosmahl
Keyword(s):  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Classical Ballet

The effect of feeding salmon oil to sows throughout pregnancy on pre-weaning mortality of piglets

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Rooke ◽  
A.G. Sinclair ◽  
S.A. Edwards ◽  
R. Cordoba ◽  
S. Pkiyach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Nutritional Study ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractSalmon oil (16·5 kg /t), a source of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, was included in diets offered to multiparous sows during pregnancy and lactation to measure responses in pre-weaning mortality and performance of piglets in two studies. The first study, carried out under commercial conditions, included 196 sows which were offered salmon oil and control diets from immediately post service until weaning. The same diets were also offered to 10 sows per treatment from day 58 of pregnancy in a controlled nutritional study which measured the effects of salmon oil on piglet tissue fatty acid composition. Offering salmon oil to the sow significantly increased gestation length and decreased individual piglet birth weight but had no effect on litter size at birth. Overall, salmon oil reduced pre-weaning mortality from 11·7% to 10·2% mainly by reducing the incidence of deaths from crushing by the sow. More detailed analysis of mortality using a general linear mixed model and 2294 piglet records, demonstrated that the incidence of pre-weaning mortality was significantly decreased with increasing individual piglet birth weight and by inclusion of salmon oil in the diet; the incidence of mortality increased with average piglet birth weight in a litter. Salmon oil inclusion had no effect on weight of litter weaned, sow lactation food intake or subsequent reproductive performance. In both studies, dietary salmon oil increased the proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in colostrum to a similar extent. In the nutritional study, inclusion of salmon oil reduced the proportions of 20: 4 n-6 in piglet liver and brain at birth and increased the proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, despite reducing piglet birth weight, offering sows salmon oil reduced pre-weaning mortality of piglets. The nutritional study showed that the amount and type of marine oil used may not have been optimal.

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