scholarly journals ANTIMONY FIXATION IN SOLID PHASES AT THE HYDROTHERMAL FIELD OF KOLUMBO SUBMARINE ARC-VOLCANO (SANTORINI): DEPOSITION MODEL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 2200
Author(s):  
S.P. Kilias ◽  
M. Gousgouni ◽  
A. Godelitsas ◽  
P. Gamaletsos ◽  
T.J. Mertzimekis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
Lower Valence ◽  
Growth Zones ◽  
Environmental Toxin ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Polymetallic Mineralization ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Arc Volcano ◽  
Fishing Area

Antimony, an emergent global contaminant, that is hydrothermally discharged along with other epithermal metals(-loids) (Au, As, Hg, Ag, Tl, Ag) onto Kolumbo volcano’s shallow (<500 m water depth) crater seabed, is fixed either in pyrite, orpiment-like As-sulfides, and ferrihydrite-like Fe-oxy(hydro)oxides, or forms independent Pb(Zn)- Sb sulfosalts, of layered Sb-rich (up to 2.2 wt%) chimneys. High concentrations of Sb (≤ 27.2 wt%) are found in early colloform chemically-zoned hydrothermal pyrite, and later orpiment (As2S3)-type As sulfide phases(≤16.09 wt %), along individual micronscale growth zones. Antimony in pyrite may occur in the relatively more toxic trivalent (or lower valence) (Sb3+) rather than pentavalent (Sb5+) forms. Lead (Pb) always occurs with Sb in growth zones where the abundances of Sb and Pb vary inversely with Fe and S, suggesting that Sb and Pb occur either as homogeneously distributed sulfosalt nanoparticles of Sb and Pb and/or lattice bound trace elements. These findings indicate the solid phases that fix Sb on the seafloor are crucial for high- grade concentration during shallow-water hydrothermal polymetallic mineralization, and reducing the high hydrothermal flux of this notorious environmental toxin to seawater, near the fishing area of Santorini that is also one of the most popular tourist places in the world.

scholarly journals The Environmental Implications of Russia's Accession to the World Trade Organization

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Böhringer ◽  
Thomas F. Rutherford ◽  
David G. Tarr ◽  
Natalia Turdyeva
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
The World

China-European Union Trade and Global Warming

2012 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Yang Laike ◽  
Liao Chun
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade Partner ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Environmental Burdens ◽  
The Eu

The globalization of trade has numerous environmental implications. Trade results from a geographic separation of consumption and production. This creates a mechanism for consumers to shift environmental pollution to other countries. China is now the world third biggest trader and the second biggest trade partner of EU. China has also overtaken the U.S. as the world biggest CO2 emitter since 2005. As China’s biggest trade partner, EU has a large trade deficit with China, but on the other hand, CO2 emissions embodied in Sino-EU trade are much more unbalanced than the trade imbalance itself. EU avoided a huge amount of CO2 emissions through trading with China. This lowers CO2 emissions in the EU and facilitates EU meeting its CO2 emission reduction targets, but it creates additional environmental burdens for China. In this paper, the dual imbalances between China and the EU, its mechanism, and policy implications will be presented.

scholarly journals Revising Emission Responsibilities through Consumption-Based Accounting: A European and Post-Brexit Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Fezzigna ◽  
Simone Borghesi ◽  
Dario Caro
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Traded Goods ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

International trade shifts production of a large amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions embodied in traded goods from the importing country to the exporting country. The European Union (EU) plays a prominent role in the flow of international-related emissions as it accounts for the second largest share of global exports and imports of goods. Consumption-based accountings (CBA) emerged as alternative to the traditional emission inventories based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines. According to the IPCC criteria, countries where products are consumed take no responsibility for the emissions produced by exporter countries, thus neglecting the emissions embodied in trade. By taking this aspect into account, CBA are considered of great importance in revealing emissions attributed to the final consumer. Using a CBA approach, this paper evaluates the impact of international trade in the EU in terms of CO2 emissions, looking both at the internal trade flows within the EU-28 and at the external trade flows between the EU and the rest of the world during the period 2012–2015. We find that the EU is a net importer of emissions as its emissions due to consumption exceed those due to production. In particular, in 2015 the ratio between import- and export-embodied emissions was more than 3:1 for the EU-28 that imported 1317 Mt CO2 from the rest of the world (mainly from China and Russia) while exporting only 424 Mt CO2. Concerning emissions flows among EU countries, Germany represents the largest importer, followed by the UK. To get a deeper understanding on possible environmental implications of Brexit on UK emission responsibilities, the paper also advances a few hypotheses on how trade flows could change based on the existing trade patterns of the UK. Data analysis shows that a 10% shift of UK imports from EU partners to its main non-EU trading partners (India, China, and US) would increase its emission responsibility by 5%. The increase in UK emission responsibility would more than double (+11%) in case of a 30% shift of UK imports. Similar results would apply if UK replaced its current EU partners with its main Commonwealth trading partners as a result of Brexit.

scholarly journals Environmental implications of agriculture trade in Nepal

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Krishna P. Pant
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Agriculture And Environment

International trade of the goods and services has implications to environment via their effects on environment on production and consumption. Agriculture being closely linked with the natural environment the trade of agricultural products and the inputs required for agriculture affects the environment. This paper attempts to identify and analyze trade issues of environmental protection that mainly falls under the purview of Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade under the World Trade Organization. The analyses will be helpful to identify and understand trade remedy measures that protect environment required for more sustainable agricultural development. The Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 30-37

scholarly journals Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta ◽  
Olatz Ukar ◽  
Marta Ostolaza ◽  
Arantza Mugica
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Work Related ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Am Processes

Additive Manufacturing, AM, is considered to be environmentally friendly when compared to conventional manufacturing processes. Most researchers focus on resource consumption when performing the corresponding Life Cycle Analysis, LCA, of AM. To that end, the sustainability of AM is compared to processes like milling. Nevertheless, factors such as resource use, pollution, and the effects of AM on human health and society should be also taken into account before determining its environmental impact. In addition, in powder-based AM, handling the powder becomes an issue to be addressed, considering both the operator´s health and the subsequent management of the powder used. In view of these requirements, the fundamentals of the different powder-based AM processes were studied and special attention paid to the health risks derived from the high concentrations of certain chemical compounds existing in the typically employed materials. A review of previous work related to the environmental impact of AM is presented, highlighting the gaps found and the areas where deeper research is required. Finally, the implications of the reuse of metallic powder and the procedures to be followed for the disposal of waste are studied.

Identifying Areas Prone to Dusty Winds for Gas Turbine Inlet Specification

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Brake
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
Intake System ◽  
Geographical Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
High Concentrations

The role and geographical spread of gas turbines is increasing. Because of this, there are more situations where the operator is likely to experience problems with high concentrations of dust overloading the intake system. This work summarizes the causes of dusty winds, areas where they are found, and offers recommendations to assist the inlet specifier. The causes of dusty winds are identified and discussed including desertification, small-scale local factors and meteorological conditions. Areas of the world where dust originates from and areas to which it can be carried are identified. In conclusion, the combinations of these factors are then offered as recommendations for the inlet specifier, to assist in choosing the correct type of filtration for inlets for areas likely to be affected by dust, and identify risk factors with specific types of inlet filter systems in these locations.

scholarly journals Sustainable Bio-Adsorbent for Treatment of Nitrate, Fluoride and TDS in Groundwater

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anupam Singhal ◽  
Rajiv Gupta ◽  
Arun Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Column Tests ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Biosorption Mechanism ◽  
The World ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Agricultural Materials

The quality of groundwater and surface water bodies have been analyzed globally and showed that 23% of primary drinking water sources have more than permissible limits of pollutants’ concentration. A major part of the world suffers from high concentrations of Nitrate, Fluoride and total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking water. Therefore, the present work focuses on the treatment of these three parameters. There are many processes available to remove and reduce the higher concentration of the aforesaid pollutants in water with advantages and disadvantages. One of the main disadvantages of these processes is the sustainability and availability of treating materials. In this regard, the work explores different agricultural materials (nine to be exact) for reduction of Fluoride, Nitrate and TDS in water. It is found that most of the materials have the potential to reduce either of one contaminant. However, only potato gel has shown potential in reduction of all three contaminants', i.e. Fluoride, Nitrate and TDS, concentration. The Isotherm plots indicate that Nitrate and TDS biosorption mechanism follows the Langmuir Isotherm while Fluoride biosorption follows the Freundlich Isotherm. Optimization is carried out, using batch and continuous study, in terms of time and mass of adsorbent against the concentration of the contaminant. Adsorption column tests indicate the reduction of 89%, 92% and 86% in the concentration of Fluoride, Nitrate and TDS respectively by potato gel.

scholarly journals Emissions of a Euro 5 Motorcycle over the world harmonized motorcycle test cycle (WMTC)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barouch Giechaskiel ◽  
Anastasios Melas
Keyword(s):  
Solid Particle ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The World ◽  
High Concentrations

The Euro 5 limits for L-category vehicles are applicable since 2020 and for this reason there is lack of studies examining the emissions of this category. In this study we tested a 1000 cm3 Euro 5 motorcycle over the World Harmonised Motorcycle Test Cycle (WMTC). The gaseous pollutants were approximately half of their respective limits. The cold start (first 2 minutes) contributed to the majority of the emissions. The solid particle number emissions were also 6.5 times below the limit for passenger cars, but the particles not counted with the current methodology were around 2 times higher. High concentrations of volatiles were emitted at the high speed part of the cycle.

scholarly journals Toward breeding new land-sea plant hybrid species irrigable with seawater for dry regions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Moustafa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Biofuel Crop ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Hybrid ◽  
High Concentrations

A plant species growing in sea or coastal saltmarsh is greatly tolerant to high concentrations of salts, and a plant species growing in desert or dry regions is highly tolerant to drought. Breeding a new plant hybrid species from both species by means of cellular grafting, genome fusion or nuclear transfer would generate, at least in theory, a hybrid plant species that should be strongly tolerant to harsh aridity and salinity and would be potentially irrigable with seawater. Such prospective species can be used for example as a fodder, biofuel crop or stabilizer species to protect soil from wind erosion and sandy storms in dry regions. Breeding such species would change the surface of the world and help to solve major challenges of starvation, malnutrition and poverty. Here, I propose potential approaches that would be worthy of investigation toward this purpose.

scholarly journals Microflora of the selected water reservoirs in Swietokrzyskie Voivodship.

1970 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioletta Adamus-Bialek ◽  
Karolina Karwacka ◽  
Lukasz Bak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
The World ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
High Concentrations

One of the important environmental issues is the quality of surface waters in the world. Poland belongs to countries with a low quality of the inland waters. The sanitary condition of the five water reservoirs of south-east Poland was analyzed. Water and sediment samples were incubated on the selective and/or differential media. High concentrations of many common and pathogenic microbial indicators were shown in those samples. Those reservoirs are used by people, especially during summer. Because of the high epidemiological risk, detailed analysis of all inland waters should be performed routinely.

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