scholarly journals Duration of life-cycle of three parasitic hymenoptera on Saissetia oleαe (Bernard) growing on two different host plants.

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
M.V. Macropodi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Correlation Equation ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
The Third ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Release Area ◽  
The Mean

In this work the duration of the life-cycle of Metaphycus helvolus (Comp.) (parasite mainly on the third stage), Μetaphycus affinis stanley (Comp.) (parasite mainly on the third stage) and Μetaphycus lounsburyi (How.) (parasite mainly on the fourth stage) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on S. οleae, developed on different substrates, i.e. potato sprouts and plants of Nerium oleander, under laboratory conditions was determined. Among the Hymenoptera parasitizing S. oleae on Corfu, M, helvolus and M. lounsburyi, are of particular importance M. affinis stanley was introduced in Corfu in 1976 and despite the fact that the population of S. οleae in the release area was practically eliminated from other factors shortly after the release of the parasite, there is evidence that the parasite was finally established. The above parasites can be successfully reared on S. οleae developed both on potato sprouts and Nerium oleander. The study was carried out at 23±1°C, 65-70% R.H. and 12 hours of artificial light per day. For each species, 3 potato sprouts and three plants of Nerium oleander in pots infested with S. οleae were placed in each 60X30X40 cm cage. The host insects were oviposited in by adult parasites introduced into the cages and left there for two days. The number of emerging adult parasites in each cage was recorded daily (a total number of adults emerged per cage varied from 23 to 195) and the time taken for 50% emergence was calculated from the correlation equation by plotting the cumulative percentage of adults emerged against time. For M. helvolus the mean duration time of the life cycle was estimated to be 19.4 days on scales developed on potato sprouts and 15.1 days on scales developed on N. oleander. For M. affinis stanley the relevant estimates were 18.8 days and 23.4 days, respectively, while for M. lounsburvi the estimates were 21.3 and 18.6 days, respectively. For M. helvolus and M. lounsburyi the duration of the life cycle was shorter when the host insect developed on Nerium plants than on potato sprouts. For M. affinis stanley the reverse was true. These differences show the effect of the host of S. oleae on the time of development of the parasites, possibly reflecting the differences of the scale insect developed on different hosts as food quality for the parasites.

Description of the pupa and redescription of the third instar of Phileurus valgus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4290 (3) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
MARIO G. IBARRA-POLESEL ◽  
NESTOR G. VALLE ◽  
JHON C. NEITA-MORENO ◽  
MIRYAM P. DAMBORSKY
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New World ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage

Phileurus valgus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini) is a common species widely distributed from the southern United States to Argentina and the West Indies. In this work the immature stages are described and illustrated based on specimens from Argentina. A key to the known third-stage larvae of New World Phileurini species is provided and updated. Notes on the life cycle and natural history are also included. 

Studies on the Biology of some Oxyurid Nematodes. II. The Hatching of Eggs and Development of Aspiculuris tetraptera Schulz, within the Host

1966 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Anya
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Lower Intestine ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera

A re-examination of the life-cycle of the mouse pinworm, Aspiculuris tetraptera has shown that the infective eggs hatch in the lower intestine or in the caecum of the host, to release the first stage larvae. After moulting, these larvae migrate into the crypts of the colon; those larvae which do not migrate into the crypts apparently pass out of the host with the faeces. The larvae in the crypts, presumably the third stage, later return to the lumen of the colon where they mature into adults. Males are mature by about the 20th day and females by the 23rd day. Viable eggs are released by the females 24 days after infection.

A technique for skin application of exact doses ofNippostrongylus brasiliensisto rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Tindall ◽  
P. A. G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Polythene Film ◽  
New System

ABSTRACTConventional methods for percutaneous infection of rats using third-stage juveniles ofNippostrongylus brasiliensiswhich have been artificially stimulated to exsheath lead to highly variable, and relatively poor, establishment in the intestine. A new system has been developed in which larvae applied to the skin still remain partially sheathed, as they would be in nature. Cultures of the freeliving stages of the parasite contain an annulus of clear, colourless polythene film to which some of the third-stage juveniles attach. Rats are infected with an individually counted, exact dose applied to the skin on polythene. Using this technique (‘EDT20Nb’), consistently high values for the mean proportion of the dose that becomes establishedhave been obtained, along with a variance well below the normally accepted level (from a total of 73 rats in 12 separate assays). In particular, the added component of variance between assays in this study was insignificant, so that the probability of quantitative agreement in replicate experiments based on the method is high. It is recommended for an experimental design in which small numbers of parasites can be used.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Active Management of the Third Stage of Labor IV Methergine and IM Oxytocin

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
K. Sharmila
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Management ◽  
P Value ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage Of Labor ◽  
Group I ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Mean

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) has been more common over the last three decades, accounting for 11% of all pregnancy-related deaths in the United States. In the third stage of labour, risk classification and active management are crucial preventative techniques. To avoid negative effects, a multidisciplinary approach to PPH patient care is required. To treat uterine atony, uterotonic medicines like oxytocin are used in combination with manipulative procedures like uterine massage and balloon tamponade. The amount of blood loss, duration of the third stage, need for MRP, incidence of PPH, need for repeated oxytocics, and its side effects were measured in Group I 100 women who were administered injection oxytocin 10 IU injection methergin 0.2 mg IV within one minute of the baby's delivery. The mean blood loss at vaginal delivery in Group I was 100-150 ml and in group I P value 0.027, which was statistically significant .In  Group II was 160-200 ml with P value 0.036, which was statistically significant. The mean duration of third stag labour in Group 1 was 124.6 min and Group 2 was 144.8 min intravenous methergin is a better uterotonic when compared to intramuscular oxytocin to reduce the amount of blood loss at delivery and prevent complications like atonic PPH.

scholarly journals Different Doses of Intraumbilical Oxytocin on the Third Stage of Labor

2018 ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Nurul Islamy ◽  
Nuswil Bernolian ◽  
Firmansyah BasiR ◽  
Theodorus Theodorus
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage Of Labor ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Hoc

  Objective: To compare the dose of oxytocin injected intraumbilicalltowards the duration of the third stage, blood loss volume, hemoglobinand hematocrit.   Methods: This study is a prospective randomised study with acontrol. The control group was given an intramuscular injection of10 IU oxytocin. The intervention of the three groups intraumbilicaloxytocin treatment dose of 10 IU, 20 IU and 30 IU diluted in 50 ml ofnormal saline solution and administered intraumbilically. Thesample selection by purposive sampling and the distribution groupbased on systematic random sampling (10 samples each). Data weretaken from the period April 2016-January 2017 with the inclusionand exclusion criteria. Data were analysed using Chi-square, T-test,ANOVA and Post hoc tests.   Results: Characteristics study for variables of age, occupation,parity, education, episiotomy and neonates weight showed homogeneouscharacteristics. The mean duration of the third stage forall groups was between 366.7  159.0 seconds and 440.1  244.99seconds. While the average number of postpartum haemorrhage forall group 61.894  226.3ml and 309.5  110.26 ml. There were nodifferences in the dose of oxytocin on the duration of the thirdstage (p> 0.05) and the amount of bleeding (p> 0.005). There was adifference of haemoglobin between intervention group of oxytocindose of 10 IU and 30 IU intraumbilical (p = 0.031). There was nodifference between the mean hematocrit levels between the groups(p> 0.005).   Conclusion: There were no differences in the dose of oxytocinintraumbilical towards the duration of the third stage, the amountof bleeding and hematocrit levels. The decrease of haemoglobingreater in 30 IU intraumbilical significantly. Keywords: duration of the third stage, haemoglobin and hematocrit,oxytocin intraumbilical, the amount of bleeding

scholarly journals KANTOR EQUIPOISE: MENYEIMBANGKAN KEHIDUPAN BEKERJA DAN BERKELUARGA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1979
Author(s):  
Judelia Kusuma Halim ◽  
Sidhi Wiguna Teh
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Goals ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
The Third ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Zone Division ◽  
Color Texture

Millennials behavior is currently being shaped by the life cycle effect, in which they are setting out for the third stage of life with a focus on career improvement and starting a family. Equipoise Office is a space facilitating millenials in achieving and balancing those life goals. Equipoise Office is an office building, divided into two-towers by applying transprogramming in design to produce a new program that can be experienced by millennials. It is designed in a form that symbolizes parents and children as the main concept that reflects the mix of programs in it. The second skin is added as an element that aids in reducing heat and light that enters the building. Zone division is designed based on user analysis in accordance with the method used, intended to provide space experience to users and visitors efficiently with the embodiment of architecture in the form of light, shadow, material, color, texture, and shape of space. Abstrak Saat ini, perilaku generasi milenial dipengaruhi oleh life cycle effect, di mana mereka sedang memulai di tahap kehidupan ketiga dengan fokus meningkatkan karir serta memulai kehidupan berkeluarga. Kantor Equipoise merupakan sebuah wadah bagi mereka untuk dapat mencapai dan menyeimbangkan tujuan kehidupan tersebut. Kantor Equipoise merupakan sebuah kantor yang terbagi menjadi 2 tower dengan penerapan transprogramming dalam desain untuk menghasilkan sebuah program baru yang dapat dialami oleh generasi milenial. Kantor Equipoise didesain dengan bentuk yang melambangkan orang tua dan anaknya sebagai konsep utama yang mencerminkan paduan program di dalamnya. Penambahan second skin ditujukan sebagai elemen yang membantu mengurangi panas dan cahaya yang masuk ke dalam bangunan. Desain pembagian zona didasarkan pada analisis pengguna sesuai dengan metode yang digunakan, bertujuan untuk memberikan pengalaman ruang kepada pengguna maupun pengunjung secara efisien dengan perwujudan arsitektur berupa cahaya, bayangan, material, warna, tekstur, serta bentuk ruang.

On the life history ofHepatojarakus malayae(Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae), a parasite of the feral rat in Malaysia

1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Ow-Yang
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
The Third ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Morula Stage ◽  
Migratory Route

AbstractAdults ofHepatojarakus malayaelive in the bile duct of many species ofRattusin Peninsular Malaysia, ine life cycle of this parasite was studied in laboratory white rats. Eggs were passed out with the faeces at the early morula stage and hatched within 15 hours, giving rise to the first stage larvae. These developed to the third stage in about 36 hours and these were given orally to new rats in experimental infections. The migratory route of the larvae from the gut to the liver was traced. Penetration into the host appeared to be confined mainly to the fundic wall of the stomach. The larvae presumably followed the portal route to the uver. Here the final moult occurred before the young adults moved into the biliary passages.

scholarly journals The biology of flesh fly, Boettcherisca peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
MZR Majumder ◽  
Mohan Kumar Dash ◽  
Rafia Akhtar Khan ◽  
Humayun Reza Khan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Posterior Spiracle ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Egg Shell

The biology of Boettcherisca peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) was studied in the laboratory (25 ± 5ºC, R.H. 70 ± 10% and 12 h light: 12 h dark cycle ). There were four definite life stages, such as egg, larva, pupa and adult, in its life cycle. The mean duration of the life cycle was 13.19 ± 1.32 days. The egg was creamy white color, cylindrical, rounded at both ends. The egg shell was comparatively thick and hard. There were three larval instars. The larvae of B. peregrina were acephalous and apodus type. The transparent 12 segmented larva possessed a pair of mouth hook, bands of small backwardly directed black micro spines, a pair of prothorasic spiracle and a pair of posterior spiracle. The 1st larvae were relatively more transparent at the time of hatching. The second instar larvae were voracious feeder. The body size increased largely during the third instar. They were deep creamy to pale brownish in color. The pupae of B. peregrina were coarctate adecticous type. The posterior end of the puparium was rounded and the anterior end was slightly pointed. The adults were metallic brown in color. The males were smaller in size than the females. The mean incubation period was 11.6 ± 2.70 hours, and the larval, post-feeding and pupal periods were 102.22 ± 7.85 hours, 75.4 ± 3.57 hours, and 5.81 ± 1.30 days, respectively. The longevity of the mated male and female adults (36.9 ± 2.46 days and 27.2 ± 2.25 days, respectively) were more than that of the unmated ones (23.6 ± 2.25 days and 18.3 ± 1.5 days, respectively). The protein fed adults lived longer than the protein unfed ones.The male always lived longer than the female. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i2.14312 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(2): 189-196, 2012

scholarly journals The Correlation Between PPD and BCG Vaccination

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
T. Kustiman ◽  
H. Garna ◽  
J. Abdulkadir ◽  
E. Nurhadi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Correlation Equation ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Early Case ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

During the period of October 1975-January 1976 a study on the correlation between induration size of BCG vaccination and Mantoux test using 5 TU PPD-S has been undertaken on 1.100 non-BCG vaccinated children. Good correlation between induration, size of BCG vaccination and Mantoux test performed simultaneously were observed, particularly on the third day of examination, with the correlation equation of y=4.97 + 0.69X, and a coefficient of correlation = 0.99. Significant differences on the mean size of BCG induration on each Mantoux test group were also observed. The mean size of BCG induration in subjects showing Mantoux test of less than 5mm., 5-9mm., and 10mm. and over were 6.07mm., 12.20mm., and 16.69mm. respectively, while the standard deviation were 2.71mm., 3.65mm., and 4.31mm. respectively. It seems that BCG indication of 8mm. (3rd day) could be taken as an indication for further diagnostic studies in the early case finding of tuberculosis in children, especially in rural areas. However, further study on the correlation of BCG induration and the incidence of tuberculosis is still required.

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