scholarly journals The effect of temperature on the development of Nephus includens (Kirsch) and Nephus bisignatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), predators of Planococcus citri Risso (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
D.C. Kontodimas ◽  
D.C Lykouressis ◽  
M.G. Karandinos ◽  
P. Katsouannos ◽  
G.J. Stathas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Temperature Thresholds ◽  
Thermal Constants ◽  
Lower Temperature

The effect of temperature οη the development of the predators Nephus includens (Kirsch) and Ν. bisignatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), was studied. The development time of immature stages and the pre-oviposition period of adult females for the two predators was recorded at eight constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5, 35 and 37.5°C). The beetles were reared on eggs, nymphs and female adults of Planococcus citri (Risso) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) that had developed on squash (Cucurbita pepo) and on sour orange leaves (CΊtrus aurantium). Using the linear model for the biological cycle of Ν. includens on squash and on sour orange leaves, the developmental zeros (lower temperature thresholds) were estimated to be 10.9 and 11.0°C respectively and the thermal constants, 490.5 and 472.8 day-degrees respectively. Using the Lactin model the lower thresholds were estimated to be 11.1 and 11.2°C respectively and the upper thresholds 36.1 and 36.0°C respectively. For the biological cycle of Ν. bisignatus, using the linear model, the lower thresholds were estimated to be 9.4°C on squash and 9.3°C on sour orange leaves and the thermal constants were 614.3 and 647.9 day-degrees respectively. Using the Lactin model the lower thresholds were estimated to be 9.9 and 1O.0°C respectively and the upper thresholds, 34.7 and 35.0°C respectively. The survival rate of Ν. includens in­stars at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5, 35 and 37.5°C on squash and on sour orange leaves was respectively 0.0, 34.9, 63.2, 70.6, 63.3, 54.5, 19.8, 0.0, and 0.0, 32.2, 61.0, 68.0, 68.3, 56.6, 17.6, 0.0%. The survival rate of Ν. bisignatus instars at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5 and 35°C on squash and on sour orange leaves was respectively, 0.0, 39.9, 61.1, 60.7, 47.2, 26.4, 0.0 and 0.0, 35.7, 65.7, 68.0, 44.2, 29.1, 0.0%. The results show that Ν. includens has a shorter biological cycle than Ν. bisignatus, whereas the latter species has lower temperature thresholds.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature on the development and reproduction of Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Glatz ◽  
H. du Plessis ◽  
J. Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Threshold Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Constants ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the reproduction and development of Busseola fusca was studied under laboratory conditions. Single male–female pairs were confined to oviposition chambers kept at 15, 20, 26 and 30 ± 1°C and a 14L:10D photoperiod. Data on reproduction parameters were captured daily. Oviposition occurred at all the mentioned temperatures but no fertility was recorded at 30°C. The total number of eggs laid per female moth was between 300 and 400 and the optimum temperature for oviposition and fertility was between 20 and 26°C. Larval development was studied at five different temperature regimes, i.e. 15, 18, 20, 26 and 30 ± 1°C and a 14L:10D photoperiod. The most favourable temperature as well as the upper threshold temperature for larval development was between 26 and 30°C. Total development period was 152.6–52.6 days, respectively, at 15°C, and 26–30°C. The thermal constants for B. fusca was 99.50, 536.48, 246.25 and 893.66°D and lower temperature thresholds were 10.36, 8.14, 8.99 and 8.84°C, for completion of the egg, larval, pupal and egg-to-adult stages, respectively. Results on the thermal constants and lower and upper threshold temperatures of B. fusca can be used to predict the impact of climate change on the distribution and population growth of this pest.

scholarly journals Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on thermal constants and lower threshold temperatures of maize aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch.) (Aphididae:Hemiptera) on maize, Zea mays (Linn.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
D. MOUNICA ◽  
M. SRINIVASA RAO ◽  
P.V. KRISHNAYYA ◽  
A.K. PATIBANDA ◽  
V. SRINIVASA RAO
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Nymphal Instar ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Temperature Thresholds ◽  
Thermal Constants ◽  
Lower Temperature Threshold ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Temperature

The objective of this study was to examine the development of corn leaf aphid,Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (Aphididae: Hemiptera) on maize Zea mays Linnaeus at elevated and ambient concentrations of CO2 (550 and 380ppm ± 25 ppm, respectively) at six temperatures (20, 25, 27, 30, 33 and 35°C) and to estimate thermal constants and lower temperature thresholds for the forecasting models based on heat accumulation units which could be developed for use in forecasting. The duration of different growth stages of R.maidis were reduced with an increase of temperature from 20°C to 35°C under both ambient and elevated CO2 conditions. The lower development threshold for first nymphal instar,second nymphal instar, third nymphal instar, fourth nymphal instar, adult duration and total development period required 10.1, 5.04, 13.42, 26.96, 10.9, 23.22 and 20.20°C under eCO2 whereas it was 13.32, 9.41, 19.13, 30.48, 16.38, 22.88 and 20.89°C under aCO2 conditions,respectively. The mean lower temperature threshold for nymph was slightly higher (16.38°C) at aCO2 compared to that of eCO2 (10.90°C) whereas for adult the mean lower temperature threshold was slightly higher (23.22°C) at eCO2 compared to that of aCO2 (22.88°C). The thermal requirement of R. maidis from first nymphal instar to adult (total development period) was found to be 100.00 degree days (DD) under eCO2 conditions as against 111.11degree days under aCO2 conditions. These estimated temperature thresholds and thermal constant can predict the pest scenarios and population dynamics of R. maidis.

Effect of Temperature on Development Rate, Survival and Fecundity of Cotton Tipworm, Crocidosema-Plebejana Zeller (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Hamilton ◽  
MP Zalucki
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Development Rates ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Female Weight

C. plebejana were reared from egg to adult at a range of constant temperatures. At 10-degrees-C no immature stages survived. Development rates increased over the temperature range 14-34-degrees-C; these were simulated with a non-linear model. Females emerged before males. Fecundity decreased with increased rearing temperature as a direct result of reduced adult female weight. At 34-degrees-C development rate and survival were reduced and all eggs laid were infertile. Optimum temperature for population increase was 28-degrees-C. Validation of a non-linear model for development rate shows that the species of host-plant affects mean development rates of tipworm. Although 5.3 tipworm generations are possible on cotton annually, only one occurs; reasons for this are suggested.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature, Pressure, and Chemical Composition on the Electrical Conductivity of Schist: Implications for Electrical Structures under the Tibetan Plateau

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqing Sun ◽  
Lidong Dai ◽  
Heping Li ◽  
Haiying Hu ◽  
Changcai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
High Conductivity ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Conductivity Anomalies ◽  
Lower Temperature Range ◽  
Lower Temperature

The experimental study on the electrical conductivities of schists with various contents of alkali ions (CA = K2O + Na2O = 3.94, 5.17, and 5.78 wt.%) were performed at high temperatures (623–1073 K) and high pressures (0.5–2.5 GPa). Experimental results indicated that the conductivities of schist markedly increased with the rise of temperature. Pressure influence on the conductivities of schist was extremely weak at the entire range of experimental temperatures. Alkali ion content has a significant influence on the conductivities of the schist samples in a lower temperature range (623–773 K), and the influence gradually decreases with increasing temperature in a higher temperature range (823–1073 K). In addition, the activation enthalpies for the conductivities of three schist samples were fitted as being 44.16–61.44 kJ/mol. Based on the activation enthalpies and previous studies, impurity alkaline ions (K+ and Na+) were proposed as the charge carriers of schist. Furthermore, electrical conductivities of schist (10−3.5–10−1.5 S/m) were lower than those of high-conductivity layers under the Tibetan Plateau (10−1–100 S/m). It was implied that the presence of schist cannot cause the high-conductivity anomalies in the middle to lower crust beneath the Tibetan Plateau.

scholarly journals Insulin biosynthesis in the bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus, and the effect of temperature

1973 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Moule ◽  
Cecil C. Yip
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Insulin Biosynthesis ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
Control Tissue ◽  
Ictalurus Nebulosus ◽  
Lower Temperature

Insulin biosynthesis in the brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus (Le Sueur), was studied by measuring the incorporation in vitro of [3H]leucine into proteins of the principal islet. The tissue was incubated for 6–15h in Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate buffer with [3H]leucine, supplemented with amino acids and glucose. Proteins, precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and extracted with acid ethanol, were separated by gel-filtration on Biogel P-30 in 3m-acetic acid. Three major components were found after incubation of the islets at 22°C. On the basis of the results of sulphitolysis, biological activity and the demonstrated precursor–product relationship, components I and II were identified as proinsulin and insulin respectively. The third component was not identified. At 12°C, [3H]leucine was incorporated only into proinsulin. No radioactivity was found in insulin or the unidentified component III at 12°C as was found after incubation at 22°C. When the temperature was lowered from 22° to 12°C after 3h of a 15h incubation, decreased conversion of proinsulin into insulin resulted at the lower temperature compared with the control tissue maintained at 22°C. When the temperature was raised from 12° to 22°C at 3h of a 15h incubation, conversion of proinsulin into insulin occurred. No conversion occurred in the control tissue with the temperature maintained at 12°C. No qualitative difference in the incorporation of [3H]leucine into proinsulin and its conversion into insulin at 12° and 22°C could be demonstrated between islet tissue from fish acclimated to less than 12°C or to 22°C. The results suggest that the enzyme(s) responsible for converting proinsulin into insulin in the bullhead may be temperature sensitive with low activity at 12°C.

Effect of environmental factors on survival and population growth of ciliated parasite, Mesanophrys sp. (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatia) infecting Portunus trituberculatus

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Summia Perveen ◽  
Yuhua Lei ◽  
Fei Yin ◽  
Chunlin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Portunus Trituberculatus ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract Mesanophrys sp. is a newly identified parasitic ciliate infecting farmed swimming crab. To demonstrate the correlation between parasite development and environmental conditions, this study aimed to investigate the effect of temperature, salinity, pH and frequency of passage of parasite on survival, growth and body size of Mesanophrys sp. in vitro. The results revealed that survival, population density and growth rate of the parasite were highest at 12°C and decreased with increasing temperature from 16 to 26°C. In addition, the survival, population density and growth rate of Mesanophrys sp. were high at 20‰. When salinity was adjusted to levels lower (0–10‰) and higher (40–60‰) than 20‰, the parasite's survival and growth rate gradually declined. The optimal pH for parasite survival was 8.0, whereas its survival was inhibited at <4.5 or >9.5. Our result also showed that parasite body proportions (length:width) were significantly smaller at the highest temperature compared to the lower temperature, whereas different salinities had no significant effect. Furthermore, we introduced dynamic parasite culture systems in vitro where Mesanophrys sp. was cultured in medium-containing culture plates through continually reducing and halving the old medium into fresh. Application of this optimized dilution timing technique with fresh medium and sub-cultured enabled a continuous culture of parasites. Under this optimized condition, the highest population density and exponential growth rate of the parasite were achieved than that of a control group. This study will help to understand the ciliated parasite infection dynamics and provides new possibilities for in vitro parasite-associated studies.

The effect of temperature on gonad, embryonic development and survival rate of juvenile seahorses, Hippocampus kuda Bleeker

Aquaculture ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 254 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 701-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Lin ◽  
Junyi Lu ◽  
Yongli Gao ◽  
Li Shen ◽  
Jin Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hippocampus Kuda

Comparison of Hsc70 orthologs from polar and temperate notothenioid fishes: differences in prevention of aggregation and refolding of denatured proteins

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (5) ◽  
pp. R1195-R1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean P. Place ◽  
Gretchen E. Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Chaperone ◽  
Molecular Chaperones ◽  
Temperate Species ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Lower Temperature

Although a great deal is known about the cellular function of molecular chaperones in general, very little is known about the effect of temperature selection on the function of molecular chaperones in nonmodel organisms. One major unanswered question is whether orthologous variants of a molecular chaperone from differential thermally adapted species vary in their thermal responses. To address this issue, we utilized a comparative approach to examine the temperature interactions of a major cytosolic molecular chaperone, Hsc70, from differently thermally adapted notothenioids. Using in vitro assays, we measured the ability of Hsc70 to prevent thermal aggregation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). We further compared the capacity of Hsc70 to refold chemically denatured LDH over the temperature range of −2 to +45°C. Hsc70 purified from the temperate species exhibited greater ability to prevent the thermal denaturation of LDH at 55°C compared with Hsc70 from the cold-adapted species. Furthermore, Hsc70 from the Antarctic species lost the ability to competently refold chemically denatured LDH at a lower temperature compared with Hsc70 from the temperate species. These data indicate the function of Hsc70 in notothenioid fishes maps onto their thermal history and that temperature selection has acted on these molecular chaperones.

Modeling the effect of temperature on survival rate of Listeria monocytogenes in yogurt

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Szczawiński ◽  
M.E. Szczawińska ◽  
A. Łobacz ◽  
A. Jackowska-Tracz
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Primary Model ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
And Storage

Abstract The aim of the study was to (i) evaluate the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in a commercially produced yogurt, (ii) determine the survival/inactivation rates of L. monocytogenes during cold storage of yogurt and (iii) to generate primary and secondary mathematical models to predict the behavior of these bacteria during storage at different temperatures. The samples of yogurt were inoculated with the mixture of three L. monocytogenes strains and stored at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15°C for 16 days. The number of listeriae was determined after 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14 and 16 days of storage. From each sample a series of decimal dilutions were prepared and plated onto ALOA agar (agar for Listeria according to Ottaviani and Agosti). It was found that applied temperature and storage time significantly influenced the survival rate of listeriae (p<0.01). The number of L. monocytogenes in all the samples decreased linearly with storage time. The slowest decrease in the number of the bacteria was found in the samples stored at 6°C (D-10 value = 243.9 h), whereas the highest reduction in the number of the bacteria was observed in the samples stored at 15°C (D-10 value = 87.0 h). The number of L. monocytogenes was correlated with the pH value of the samples (p<0.01). The natural logarithm of the mean survival/inactivation rates of L. monocytogenes calculated from the primary model was fitted to two secondary models, namely linear and polynomial. Mathematical equations obtained from both secondary models can be applied as a tool for the prediction of the survival/inactivation rate of L. monocytogenes in yogurt stored under temperature range from 3 to 15°C, however, the polynomial model gave a better fit to the experimental data.

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