scholarly journals Investigation of Photon Attenuation Properties of CR-39 Lens

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Canel Eke ◽  
A. Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Pure Aluminium ◽  
Effective Electron ◽  
Pure Lead ◽  
Photon Attenuation

The purpose of this study is to investigate photon attenuation parameters of Colombia Resin-39 (CR-39) lens, which are linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff) and effective electron density (Neff). MACs were determined theoretically and with simulation in the energy range from 0.01 to 105 MeV. Also, obtained MACs of CR-39 lens were compared with MACs of pure aluminum and lead. Theoretically obtained Zeff values were compared with Zeff results obtained by the computer software.The results of this study are; a) the theoretically obtained MACs values are in agreement with MACs  obtained results from simulation software, b) the theoretically obtained Zeff values are in agreement with Zeff obtained by the computer software c) the MACs of CR-39 lens are much lower than MACs of pure lead whereas there is not too much differences between MACs of CR-39 and pure aluminium d) the HVLs, TVLs and MFPs rise with increasing photon energy while the LACs and  MACs reduce with increasing photon energy.

scholarly journals The Vital Role of La2O3 on the La2O3-CaO-B2O3-SiO2 Glass System for Shielding Some Common Gamma Ray Radioactive Sources

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Mengge Dong ◽  
M. I. Sayyed ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Aljawhara H. Almuqrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Sio2 Glass

The role La2O3 on the radiation shielding properties of La2O3-CaO-B2O3-SiO2 glass systems was investigated. The energies were selected between 0.284 and 1.275 MeV and Phy-X software was used for the calculations. BLa10 glass had the least linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) at all the tested energies, while BLa30 had the greatest, which indicated that increasing the content of La2O3 in the BLa-X glasses enhances the shielding performance of these glasses. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) of BLa15 decreases from 0.150 cm2/g to 0.054 cm2/g at energies of 0.284 MeV and 1.275 MeV, respectively, while the MAC of BLa25 decreases from 0.164 cm2/g to 0.053 cm2/g for the same energies, respectively. At all energies, the effective atomic number (Zeff) values follow the trend BLa10 < BLa15 < BLa20 < BLa25 < BLa30. The half value thickness (HVL) of the BLa-X glass shields were also investigated. The minimum HVL values are found at 0.284 MeV. The HVL results demonstrated that BLa30 is the most space-efficient shield. The tenth value layer (TVL) results demonstrated that the glasses are more effective attenuators at lower energies, while decreasing in ability at greater energies. These mean free path results proved that increasing the density of the glasses, by increasing the amount of La2O3 content, lowers MFP, and increases attenuation, which means that BLa30, the glass with the greatest density, absorbs the most amount of radiation.

scholarly journals Calculate the Attenuation of X-ray radiation for low density polyethylene composites with oyster shells powder extracted from the Caspian Sea in Iran: حساب الحجب الإشعاعي للأشعة السينية لبوليمر البولي اثيلين واطئ الكثافة والمطعم بمسحوق قشور المحار المستخرج من بحر قزوين

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Jassim Mohammed, Riad Manadi Ramadan, Raed Muslim Shab
Keyword(s):  
Free Path ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Low Density ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Mean

In this research, Calculation the Attenuation of X-ray radiation for low density polyethylene composites with oyster shells powder (extracted from the Caspian Sea in Iran), low density polyethylene production in the form of powder by the State Company for Petrochemical Industries (Basra-Iraq), the range of the added of oyster shells powder (extracted from the Caspian sea in Iran) has the values (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) for low density polyethylene weight and the added oyster shells powder with the particular size (≤ 250 μm). were investigated through several variables, such as, linear attenuation coefficient(μ) and mean free path(λ). The obtained results were appeared that the added oyster to reduce the spaces between the polymer chains, which reflects the high ability of the polymer as (10%-20%), and this increase will give further property that increase the attenuation x-ray of the prepared specimens. Where the practical study and the beam of intensity of energy (30 kv) and)VG.M = 600 voit(. The results showed that when increasing filler content, the total linear attenuation coefficient increases while the mean free path decreases. The mean free path (λ) at (2.5%) is (2.1 cm (, while at (20%) is (0.40 cm). The value of the linear attenuation coefficient (μ) at (20%) is)2.44 cm-1(, while at (2.5%) is) 0.49 cm-1(.

Improvement of Gamma Radiation Shielding Features for Fluorophosphate Glasses Doping with Sm2O3 (PZBKNA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1374-1380
Author(s):  
H. Almohiy ◽  
M. Saad ◽  
Y. M. AbouDeif ◽  
Iwona Grelowska ◽  
M. Reben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Ordinary Concrete ◽  
Materials Used

This research reported on the radiation safety characteristics of doped fluorophosphate glasses with heavy rare earth lanthanide (Sm2O3) in the composition 40P2O5/30ZnO/20BaF2/3.8K2TeO3/1.2Al2O3/5.0Nb2O5/30000 ppm Sm2O3 and 40P2O5/30ZnO/20BaF2/3.8K2TeO3/1.2Al2O3/5.0Nb2O5/40000 ppm Sm2O3 in mol%. The parameters for shielding like that mass attenuation coefficient, MAC, linear attenuation coefficient, LAC, tenth value layers, TVL, half-value layers, HVL, effective atomic number, (Zeff), mean free path, MFP, electron density, Neff, electronic cross-sections, ECS, and total atomic cross-sections, ACS, were calculated between 0.015 and 15 MB of preparation glasses. The protection parameters of the current glasses are good in comparison to industrial materials used for nuclear shieldings, such as glass RS 253, ordinary concrete (OC), hematite serpenite (HS), or basalt magnet (BM). From the above mention results, the prepared glasses can be used as radiation safety materials.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Gamma Radiation Attenuation Characteristics of Different Type Shielding Materials used in Nuclear Medicine Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
Abdus Sattar Mollah
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Lead Glass ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Absorbing Materials

Gamma-ray radiation shielding properties such as linear attenuation coefficient (m), mass attenuation coefficient (m/r), half- value thickness (HVT), tenth value thickness (TVL) and mean free path (MFP) were calculated for different types of radiation absorbing materials such as Concrete, Aluminum, Iron, Copper, Lead, Lead-glass and Tungsten. These materials are being widely used as radiation shielding materials in different areas of nuclear medicine facilities for different purposes. The XCOM and in-house developed computer program were used to calculate the above mentioned parameters for gamma-ray energies of 100 keV, 200 keV and 511 keV. The gamma-ray energy range used in nuclear medicine is between 100 keV and 511 keV. Results show that attenuation coefficient decreases with increase of gamma-ray energy, and attenuation coefficient increases with increase of density and shows significant variation for different materials. Linear attenuation coefficient depends on the energy of incident gamma-rays and the nature of the absorbing materials. These gamma-ray attenuation parameters of different absorbing materials can be used for proper shielding design of syringe shield, isotope storage container, isotope transport container, personnel protective shield barrier, radioactive waste storage facility etc.  in nuclear medicine services. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 21(2): 108-114, July 2018  

scholarly journals Gamma Ray Shielding Properties of Yb3+-Doped Calcium Borotellurite Glasses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5697
Author(s):  
Aljawhara H. Almuqrin ◽  
M. I. Sayyed
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Transmission Factor ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Teo2 Content ◽  
Mass Attenuation

This research work aims to investigate the radiation shielding ability of a Yb3+-doped calcium borotellurite glass system. The system has the basic composition of CaF2–CaO–B2O3–TeO2–Yb2O3 but is denoted as TeBYbn for simplicity. The effect of increasing the TeO2 content in the glasses from 10 to 54 mol% was investigated, with five different chosen compositions and densities. The Phy-X/PSD program was used to investigate the mass attenuation coefficient (µ/ρ) of the samples. The mass attenuation coefficients were theoretically determined by using an online software for the calculation of shielding parameters. Other parameters were then calculated and analyzed, such as the linear attenuation coefficient (µ), transmission factor (TF), radiation protection efficiency (RPE), effective atomic number (Zeff), and mean free path (MFP). TeBYb5, the glass with the greatest TeO2 content, was shown to have the greatest µ/ρ; however, at greater energies, the differences between the values are practically negligible. µ was shown to increase with density, such as from 0.386 cm−1 to 0.687 cm−1 for TeBYb1 and TeBYb5 at 0.284 MeV, respectively. The least TF was found for samples with a thickness of 1.5 cm, proving an inverse correlation between the thickness of the sample and the TF. The HVL and TVL of the glasses decreased as the density of the samples increased, which means that TeBYb1 is the least effective out of the investigated glasses. The five samples proved to have a lower MFP than some other shielding glasses, demonstrating their capabilities as radiation shields. Based on the calculated parameters, TeBYb5 indicated the greatest photon attenuation ability.

scholarly journals CALCULATION OF GAMMA-RAY ATTENUATION PARAMETERS FOR ALUMINIUM, IRON, ZIRCONIUM, AND TUNGSTEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Hiwa Mohammad Qadr
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Free Path ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Gamma Ray Attenuation ◽  
And Tungsten

The purpose of this study was to determine the linear attenuation coefficient, the mass attenuation coefficient, Half Value Layer. Tenth Value Layer and Mean Free Path for four different shielding materials such as aluminium, iron, zirconium and tungsten. By using the gamma-radiation energies emitted from 152Eu, 22Na, 137Cs, and 60Co radioactive sources. For this purpose, the attenuation measurements were performed using NaI(TI) detector. Calculated values of all parameters of the all shielding materials were compared with each other. The results of all presented parameters show that, tungsten has the best radiation shielding compared to other shielding materials. Then, the obtained parameters were compared with the theoretical values.

scholarly journals Shielding Properties of Some Marble Types: A Comprehensive Study of Experimental and XCOM Results

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4194
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elsafi ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Nahal ◽  
M. F. Alrashedi ◽  
O. I. Olarinoye ◽  
M. I. Sayyed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Protective Shield ◽  
Removal Cross Section ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Good Agreement

In this work, some marble types were collected from Egypt, and their shielding characteristics were estimated. Their rigidity, in addition to their elegant shape, led us to consider their use as a protective shield, in addition to making the workplace more beautiful. The mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) was calculated for three types of marble (Breshia, Galala, and Trista) experimentally, using a narrow gamma ray source and sodium iodide scintillation detector (NaI). The results obtained were compared with the XCOM program and indicated a very good agreement between the two methods. The linear attenuation coefficient (μ) was evaluated to calculate the half and tenth value layers. The maximum value of 1.055, 1.041, and 1.024 cm−1 was obtained for Breshia, Galala, and Trista, respectively, at 0.06 MeV. The mean free path for studying the materials was compared with other shielding materials and showed good results at different energy scales. The energy absorption (EABF) and exposure buildup factors (EBF) were determined at different mean free paths. The fast neutron removal cross section ∑R was calculated and expresses the ability of the marbles to slow down fast neutrons through multiple scattering. This is the ability of the marbles to shield fast neutrons.

scholarly journals Theoretical Determination of High-Energy Photon Attenuation and Recommended Protective Filler Contents for Flexible and Enhanced Dimensionally Stable Wood/NR and NR Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Worawat Poltabtim ◽  
Donruedee Toyen ◽  
Kiadtisak Saenboonruang
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
High Energy Photon ◽  
Energy Photon ◽  
Shielding Properties ◽  
Experimental Values

This work aimed to theoretically determine the high-energy-photon-shielding properties of flexible wood/natural rubber (NR) and NR composites containing photon protective fillers, namely Pb, Bi2O3, or Bi2S3, using XCOM. The properties investigated were the mass attenuation coefficient (µm), linear attenuation coefficient (µ), and half value layer (HVL) of the composites, determined at varying photon energies of 0.001–5 MeV and varying filler contents of 0–1000 parts per hundred parts of rubber by weight (phr). The simulated results, which were in good agreement with previously reported experimental values (average difference was 5.3%), indicated that overall shielding properties increased with increasing filler contents but decreased with increasing incident photon energies. The results implied the potential of bismuth compounds, especially Bi2O3, to replace effective but highly toxic Pb as a safer high-energy-photon protective filler, evidenced by just a slight reduction in µm values compared with Pb fillers at the same filler content and photon energy. Furthermore, the results suggested that the addition of 20 phr wood particles, primarily aimed to enhance the rigidity and dimensional stability of Pb/NR, Bi2O3/NR, and Bi2S3/NR composites, did not greatly reduce shielding abilities; hence, they could be used as dimensional reinforcers for NR composites. Lastly, this work also reported the optimum Pb, Bi2O3, or Bi2S3 contents in NR and wood/NR composites at photon energies of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 MeV, with 316–624 phr of filler being the recommended contents, of which the values depended on filler type and photon energy of interest.

The Photon Attenuation Coefficients and Thermal Conductivity of Volcanic Rocks

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 888-892
Author(s):  
I. Akkurt ◽  
H. T. Ozkahraman ◽  
B. Mavi ◽  
A. Akkurt
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
P Wave Velocity ◽  
Photon Attenuation

The linear attenuation coefficient (μ cm−1) of photon propogation and the thermal conductivity have been determined for some volcanic rocks, which are commonly used materials in building constructions especially as a cladding stone. The linear attenuation coefficient calculated using XCOM is compared with the measurement. Thermal conductivity has been extracted from P-Wave velocity measured using a Pundit apparatus. The relation between thermal conductivity and the attenuation coefficient are also investigated.

scholarly journals Study the effect of addition Rockwool fibers on the Shielding Radiation  for the X-ray of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE): دراسة تأثير إضافة ألياف الصوف الصخري على الحجب الإشعاعي للأشعة السينية للبولي اثيلين واطىئ الكثافة

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaymaa H. Jasim, Wisam A. Radhi, Riyadh M. Ramadhan, Raed M
Keyword(s):  
Free Path ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The Mean

The extinction of X-rays (radiation attenuation) was studied using the low-density samples of polyethylene polymer to which the rockwool fibers powder is added as filled filler. This latter was blended with (weight percent) and with a micro-filler (filler particle) the sizes equal to or less than<212 μm. Furthermore, the free path average and linear attenuation coefficient were calculated.  Experimental results showed that the rockwool fibers powder act to reduce the spaces between polymer chains particularly when the weight percent is more than (10%), which implies the capability of the polymer/filler to make, the X-rays applied to the samples; disappear at these rates used in this study. The experimental work was conducted by applying a radiation beam having an energy of 30 kV based on the use of the X-ray unit with two tubes which are; X-ray generating tube and G-M detector with an energy of VG.M =600. The magnitudes of the mean free path are inversely proportional to the weight percent of the compound material whereas the proportionality of these percentages which are particularly the high ones which occur at experimental values of the linear attenuation coefficient. The value of the mean free path of 1.28 cm is the maximum value obtained at a weight percent of 1 %, whereas the minimum value of the mean path was 0.877 cm at a weight percent of 10 %. In addition, the maximum value of the attenuation coefficient obtained is 4.754 cm-1 at a weight percent of 10% and its minimum value at a weight percent of 1% was 0.7 cm-1. The maximum value of transmittance and the minimum value of absorbance were obtained at a weight percent of 10%, are (31.8) and (68.2) respectively. Through the practical results that we obtained that are better suited to high percentages more additive proportions can be used than the percentages used in this research to shielding X-rays more.

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