scholarly journals Current (2015) Professional Profiles of the Legal Translator in Greece: A Function-oriented Comparison

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Panagiotis G. Krimpas
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Text Linguistics ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
General Law ◽  
Technical Translation ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Ideal

<p>Like translation in general, and even law itself, legal translation is an interdisciplinary field. Legal linguistics (jurilinguistics), comparative law, general law, terminology, text-linguistics and pragmatics, all have a share in legal translation. The latter is generally viewed as a sort of technical translation (Venuti 1995: 41) and legal language as a technical language (Cao 1997: 18). Those who argue for its special status often claim that legal translation is the antipode of technical translation (Bocquet 2000: 16). On the other hand, there are scholars who argue against this special status of legal translation, claiming there is nothing special about legal translation (Harvey 2002: 180). More moderate views are also found (Herbots 1987: 814). In such questions it takes no true/false answer. Rather, there are many sorts of legal translation. Of course, each view has different implications as far as the legal translator’s skills are concerned. Our discussion starts with a presentation of some key-views about legal translation, with particular emphasis on opposing ones. Then we present the main professional profiles of the legal translator in Greece and the relevant legislation. Who does translate legal texts? What skills do they have? How do they describe their profession and/or services in social media and/or professional websites? Who is the ideal legal translator for the several categories of clients? Which is the right kind of education and/or training for every sort of legal translator? Those are some of the questions that this article tries to give an answer to. After presenting the main functions of translated legal texts, the article closes with a comparison of legal translator’s professional profiles in Greece on the basis of those text functions.</p>

Part III The right To Terminate, 8 Express Rights of Termination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stannard John E ◽  
Capper David
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Law ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses express rights of termination. It is not always easy for a party to know for certain whether they are entitled to terminate or not. This is particularly so where the right in question depends on proof of fundamental breach or repudiation. For this reason, parties to a contract frequently, in the interests of certainty, make express provision for this by agreeing in advance that one or both of them may terminate if certain conditions are met. Such express rights of termination can depend on a wide variety of contingencies, but very frequently these will include a breach by the other party. Where this is the case, it is often difficult to distinguish termination under the express right from termination under the general law, particularly where the latter involves termination for breach of condition. The chapter then assesses four key issues with regard to express rights of this sort, most notably: (1) the relationship between express rights of termination and conditions at common law; (2) the requirements for the exercise of such rights; (3) the effect of termination under such a right; and (4) the problem of concurrent rights of termination.

scholarly journals RINGSWITH (R,R,R)AND [R,(R,R,R)] IN THE LEFT NUCLEUS

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
IRVIN ROY HENTZEL ◽  
CHEN-TE YEN
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Nonassociative Ring ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Ideal

Let $R$ be a nonassociative ring, and $N = (R,R,R) + [R,(R,R,R)]$. We show that $W = \{w\in N | Rw +wR +R(wR) \subset N\}$ is a two-sided ideal of $R$. If for some $r\in R$, any one of the sets $(r, R, R)$, $(R,r, R)$ or $(R, R,r)$ is contained in $W$, then the other two sets are contained in $W$ also. If the associators are assumed to be contained in either the left, the middle, or the right nucleus, and $I$ is the ideal generated by all associators, then $I^2 \subset W$. If $N$ is assumed to be contained in the left or the right nucleus, then $W^2 = 0$. We conclude that if $R$ is semiprime and $N$ is contained in the left or the right nucleus, then $R$ is associative. We assume characteristic not 2.

scholarly journals Comparativism and the New Hungarian Fundamental Law – Taking Raz Seriously

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-127
Author(s):  
Attila Badó ◽  
Péter Mezei
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Sovereignty ◽  
Fundamental Law ◽  
Constitutional Regime ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
The Ideal

SummaryComparative law plays a role both at the time of the creation and interpretation of constitutions. Hungary is not an exception in this respect. The comparative analysis of Hungarian constitutional law is an ordinary one both in terms of quantity and quality. The new Fundamental Law of 2011 as well as the “two-third majority statutes”, however, led to an international scandal. Several studies have suggested that the method of acceptance of the new Fundamental Law and its content are unique in several aspects. The reviews of the Fundamental Law by scholars and international organizations show, however, contradictory opinions. We argue that such opposition is mainly due to differing conceptions of the ideal democratic society. Proponents of the Fundamental Law asserting national sovereignty and the supremacy of legislation accept any constitutional regulation that is backed by the necessary amount of votes. On the other hand, opponents have disliked everything that has happened in Hungarian constitutional law since 2010 on the premises of global constitutional values, the lack of consensus, self-restraint or elegance. The present paper aims to evaluate the Fundamental Law of Hungary through the lens of Joseph Raz’s seven constitutional criteria that might serve as a structured approach to analysis that is acceptable to those who express supportive as well as critical opinions on the Fundamental Law. Indeed, based upon Raz’s criteria we have come to the conclusion that the new constitutional regime does not meet one single criterion that is connected to its acceptance. As the Fundamental Law was accepted rapidly, without any endorsement by the opposing parties or any referendum, it cannot be demonstrated that it mediates general values accepted by the whole society.

scholarly journals Translation Strategies in Legal Texts: Selected Articles of the Translation of the US-Iraqi Security Agreement

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ibrahim Abed ◽  
Omar A. Shihab ◽  
Mushtaq A. Jameel
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Language ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Text Segment ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Legal Texts

Legal language is characterized as the professional use of words. Thus, it can be said that the international law (as a result of translation and interpretation as well) has become more crucial. Therefore, legal translation has become important among the other domains of translation. This study aims at investigating the translation strategies adopted in translating the US- Iraqi security agreement from English into Arabic. So, there is a set of translation strategies that help translating the two texts properly and accurately. The translation strategies followed in translating the US- Iraqi security agreement will be investigated in the two of the two English and Arabic texts as there are many strategies in the linguistic theory of translation. Dr. As. Safi in his model covers both the local strategies which belonging to text segment and global ones that have to do with the whole text. Translation strategies are divided into general ones which deal with all types texts and specific strategies that deal with specific kinds of texts; specific ones are divided into domestication, compensation, (in kind, in place, by merging, or splitting and compensation by addition) , addition, elaboration and explication, and approximation and compromise. Thus, the text under study is a legal one and, of course, has a specific type of text; only specific strategies are applied in this study.

scholarly journals ZUR VERSTÄNDLICHKEIT VON ÜBERSETZUNGEN DEUTSCHER UND POLNISCHER GERICHTSBENENNUNGEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 65-84
Author(s):  
Paweł BIELAWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Legal Communication

The focus of this paper is centered on the translation of German and Polish court names. Based on a thorough analysis of the translation terms used in legal literature and dictionaries, the author concludes that the court names are often being translated in a way that makes it impossible for the reader to correctly identify the institution in question, thus undermining the comprehensibility of the target texts significantly.Pointing to the differences between the court systems of Germany and Poland, the author contemplates whether the dissimilarities between two institutions from different legal systems need always to be marked in the translation. On the basis of the comparative law theory, the meaning features essential for both legal communication and legal translation are identified and presented.In the next part, the author examines how to translate the court names so that the institution at issue is instantly recognizable in the target text. As a result, three comprehensive translation techniques are proposed.The presented translation techniques shall contribute to improving the comprehensibility of legal texts, and constitute an alternative to the  descriptive translation of these institutions.

scholarly journals A DUAL PERSPECTIVE IN LEGAL TRANSLATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Radegundis Stolze
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Law ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Dual Perspective ◽  
Legal Contexts ◽  
Legal Concepts

The article describes, on the basis of hermeneutics, the specific perspective from which a translator may approach legal texts, as translation is seen as a personalized activity. Different text types are rooted in a specific legal system and fulfil their function within a special field of law, and the cultural and legal background is evident in linguistic aspects on a textual level. Comparative law carries out research on the differences in legal concepts, whereas translation studies and practice use this knowledge as a basis for work. Legal terminology has various levels of abstraction and appears in texts along with general language words. Fields of orientation for the translator are presented here, such as legal contexts, genre, concepts and style. This should be combined with proficiency in writing according to the text function, terminology and standard formulae. The translator tries to make source cultural and legal aspects transparent for target readers, as translation is always a means of comprehension that furthers communication.

scholarly journals Derecho a la Salud: recurso extraordinario y arbitrariedad

2020 ◽  
pp. 253-268
Author(s):  
Luciana Eleas ◽  
Enzo Pautassi
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Fundamental Notion ◽  
Health Insurance Companies ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Ideal

El caso en análisis, que plantea un conflicto entre un particular y su obra social por la cobertura de una prótesis importada, nos remite a cuestiones que, están íntimamente ligadas con el derecho a la salud, tanto de índole procesal como sustancial. Ello así, analizaremos - en primer lugar - las nociones fundamentales sobre el derecho a la salud y particularmente su vinculación con los conflictos entre afiliados y obras sociales. Por otra parte, ahondaremos en la acción de amparo como la vía idónea para encaminar los reclamos tendientes a obtener la tutela efectiva del derecho a la salud. Profundizaremos las exigencias para su admisibilidad y revisaremos si las limitaciones procesales propias de aquella acción son compatibles con el derecho de defensa de las obras sociales. Nos abocaremos también al estudio del criterio de nuestro Supremo Tribunal con respecto de arbitrariedad de sentencias denegatorias de recursos. Por último, analizaremos el voto en disidencia del Dr. Rosatti y las cuestiones procesales derivadas del mismo.   The case under analysis, which raises a conflict between a person and his health insurance for the coverage of an imported prosthesis, refers us to issues that are closely linked to the right to health, both procedural and substantial in nature. In this way, wewillanalyze - in the first place - the fundamental notion saboutt he right to health and particular lyits link with the conflicts bet ween affiliates and health insurance companies. On the other hand, we will delve into the amparo proceedings as the ideal way to direct claims aimed at obtaining effective protection of the right to health. We will deepen the requirements for its admissibility and review if the procedural limitations of that action are compatible with the right of defense of health insurance companies. We will also study the criteria of our Supreme Court regarding arbitrariness of judgments denying appeals. Finally, we will analyze the dissenting vote of Rosatti and the procedural issues derived from it.

scholarly journals METODA KONTRASTYWNA I KRYTERIA TEKSTUALNOŚCI W PRZEKŁADZIE TEKSTÓW PRAWNICZYCH

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 89-113
Author(s):  
Paweł BIELAWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
The Status ◽  
Functional Equivalent ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This paper focuses on legal translation. First, the author defines legal texts and points to particular responsibility related with legal translation resulting from the status of these texts. Turning to the aspects of translation, the author underlines the boundness of each legal system to the country it is in force. At the same time, he points to the conceptual and terminological uniqueness resulting from this boundness. Against this backdrop, the premisses of, both, the comparative law and comparative terminology are presented. With regard to legal translation the similarities and differences existing between both comparative approaches are stated. In the final step, the author points to the importance of seven standards of textuality in legal translation. The purpose of the present paper is to emphasize the importance of the comparative approach and of the textuality for legal translation. The Author stresses here these aspects of translation which allow the  target text to become a functional equivalent to the source text.

scholarly journals Explicitation and Implicitation in Legal Translation – A Process Study of Trainee Translators

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Hjort-Pedersen ◽  
Dorrit Faber
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lay Persons ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Process Study ◽  
Legal Effect ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Rare Phenomena ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Different Levels

This article explores the use of explicitation and implicitation in the context of legal translation. Legal texts are linguistically complex and difficult to understand for lay persons. From a cognitive point of view it may therefore be assumed that ex- and implicitations will be frequent phenomena in legal TTs, because translators will tend to leave traces of their hard-won understanding in the TT. On the other hand, legal translations have legal consequences in the real world. From a legal point of view it may therefore conversely be assumed that ex- and implicitations will be relatively rare phenomena in legal TTs because of the potential legal effect of adding or removing information. But how is this schism reflected in legal TTs performed by translators at different levels of expertise? This article examines phenomena of ex- and implicitations in trainee translator TTs. It is hypothesized that lack of sufficient knowledge of legal scenarios will override heavy mental processing efforts and that trainee translators will restrict themselves to choosing only obligatory ex- and implicitations as their safe bet.

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