Assessment of the Microbiological Profile, Species Diversity and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Recovered Bacteria from Retail Honeys in Turkey

The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological profile, coliform and staphylococcal species diversity, and the antimicrobial susceptibility of coliform and other Gram-negative bacteria recovered from retail honeys in Turkey. A total of 150 honey samples, including extracted honey and comb honey samples, were purchased from honey sellers. The honey samples were analyzed for total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), total mesophilic anaerobic bacteria (TMAnB), coliforms, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus spp., lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts, and molds. All presumptive coliform and Staphylococcus isolates were identified at species level and then Gram-negative isolates were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility. TMAB, TMAnB, LAB, yeasts and molds mean counts (log cfu/g) in the samples were 3.26±1.08, 3.0±0.89, 2.93±0.52, 2.90±0.83, 1.80±0.53, respectively. Eighteen point seven percent and 15.3% of extracted and comb honey contained coliform and Staphylococcus spp., respectively, with a mean count (MPN/g) of 8.06±1.23 and 0.71±0.66. TMAB, Staphylococcus spp. and yeast contamination rates were significantly higher in the extracted honeys (P<0.05). Presumptive coliform and Staphyloccus spp. isolates were mostly identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, and Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. Among coliform and non-coliform Gram-negative recovered isolates, antimicrobial resistance was highest against ceftriaxone (92.4%) and cefepime (91.5%) followed by tigecyclin (46.2%). The results obtained in this study provide insight on the microbiological profile of honey and the diversity of coliform and Staphylococcus species in honey samples. Moreover, these results show that honey, which is considered beneficial for human health, may contain antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from caprine footrot

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.55.2007.1.2 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 11-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Angela Lacombe-Antoneli ◽

S. Píriz ◽

S. Vadillo

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Western Spain ◽

Clinical Cases

The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli commonly isolated from footrot in goats was studied. A total of 97 isolates belonging to the genera Dichelobacter, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas and Bacteroides, obtained from clinical cases of footrot in south-western Spain between March 2000 and May 2001, were tested against 25 antimicrobial agents comprising β-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, chloramphenicol, quinolones, lincosamides, sulphonamides and tetracyclines in order to optimise antibiotic treatment of this disease in goats. β-lactams, tetracyclines and metronidazole displayed the highest in vitro efficacy against the species involved in the pathogenesis of footrot.

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Detection of pathogenic bacteria associated with earphones used by students of Stamford University Bangladesh

Stamford Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50723 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Omor Ahmed Chowdhury ◽

Md Raihan Ahmed ◽

Md Raihan Dipu ◽

Md Aftab Uddin

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Potential Source ◽

Different Types ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

The use of earphones has increased in recent times throughout the world especially among the different level of students such as school, college or university who have a higher tendency of sharing these among them. Unlike airline headsets, headphones and stethoscope ear-pieces, ear phones are often shared by multiple users and can be a potential medium for transmission of pathogens, which can give rise to various ear related infections. The objective of this study was to detect the pathogenic bacteria from the ear-phones used by the students of Stamford University Bangladesh. A total of 16 ear-phone swabs were collected by sterile cotton swabs. The swabs were inoculated onto blood agar and incubated aerobically overnight at 37oC. Microscopic observation and standard biochemical tests were performed to confirm the identification of all the bacterial isolates. Six presumptively identified Staphylococcus spp. (38%) were tested against six different types of antibiotics following Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Isolates were found to be 84% resistant against Cotrimoxazole and demonstrated 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin and Ciprorofloxacin. The findings of this study suggest the users to disinfect their respective ear phones and not to exchange them as they may act as a potential source to transfer pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria among the ear phone users. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 1-4

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Antibiotic Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria from Wild Captured Loggerhead Sea Turtles

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9040162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 162 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Monica Francesca Blasi ◽

Luciana Migliore ◽

Daniela Mattei ◽

Alice Rotini ◽

Maria Cristina Thaller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Sea Turtles ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Marine Animals ◽

Loggerhead Sea Turtles ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Marine Habitats ◽

Resistant Strains

Sea turtles have been proposed as health indicators of marine habitats and carriers of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, for their longevity and migratory lifestyle. Up to now, a few studies evaluated the antibacterial resistant flora of Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) and most of them were carried out on stranded or recovered animals. In this study, the isolation and the antibiotic resistance profile of 90 Gram negative bacteria from cloacal swabs of 33 Mediterranean wild captured loggerhead sea turtles are described. Among sea turtles found in their foraging sites, 23 were in good health and 10 needed recovery for different health problems (hereafter named weak). Isolated cloacal bacteria belonged mainly to Enterobacteriaceae (59%), Shewanellaceae (31%) and Vibrionaceae families (5%). Although slight differences in the bacterial composition, healthy and weak sea turtles shared antibiotic-resistant strains. In total, 74 strains were endowed with one or multi resistance (up to five different drugs) phenotypes, mainly towards ampicillin (~70%) or sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (more than 30%). Hence, our results confirmed the presence of antibiotic-resistant strains also in healthy marine animals and the role of the loggerhead sea turtles in spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Birds From the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

The Condor ◽

10.1093/condor/105.2.358 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 105 (2) ◽

pp. 358-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andréa M. A. Nascimento ◽

Luciana Cursino ◽

Higgor Gonçalves-Dornelas ◽

Andrea Reis ◽

Edmar Chartone-Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Kanamycin Resistance ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Resistant Phenotype ◽

Animal Farms

Abstract We evaluated the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from cloacal swabs of wild birds collected with mist nets in the Jequitinhonha river valley, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 191 isolates from 19 individuals of 16 species was obtained and tested for resistance to five antibiotics. At Salto da Divisa 97% of the isolates exhibited a resistant phenotype, and resistance to more than one antibiotic was frequent (71%). At Jequitinhonha 36% of isolates were resistant, but 94% showed resistance to only one antibiotic. Of the five antibiotics tested, resistance to ampicillin was most frequent (in both areas), whereas kanamycin resistance was found in only one isolate. The data here obtained and other data reported in the literature show that the general premise that antibiotic-resistant bacteria arise primarily in hospitals or animal farms should be reconsidered. Bactérias Gram-Negativas Resistentes a Antibióticos em Aves da Mata Atlântica Brasileira Resumo. Avaliamos a resistência a antibióticos de bactérias isoladas por swab cloacal em aves selvagens capturadas com redes de neblina em duas regiões do Vale do Rio Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram obtidos 191 isolados de 19 indivíduos de 16 espécies e foi testada a resistência desses isolados a cinco antibióticos. Em Salto da Divisa, 97% dos isolados exibiram fenótipo resistente e foi freqüente (71%) a resistência a mais de um antibiótico. Em Jequitinhonha, 36% dos isolados exibiram fenótipo resistente, dos quais 94% apresentaram resistência a apenas um antibiótico. Em ambas as áreas, a maioria dos isolados apresentou resistência à ampicilina, enquanto somente um único isolado foi resistente à canamicina. Os dados aqui obtidos e outros relatados na literatura mostram que a premissa geral de que bactérias resistentes a antibióticos surgem principalmente em hospitais ou fazendas de animais deve ser reconsiderada.

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ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.03.3237 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Javeria Gul ◽

Iffat Javed ◽

Sohaila Mushtaq ◽

Muhammad Saeed Anwar

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Clinical Specimen ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Medical Institute ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Pathology Department

Background: The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria causing infection is a great health issue for clinicians. The problem of multidrug resistant (i.e. resistant to at least three groups of antimicrobial) is becoming more and more threatening. The rate of resistance among Gram negative bacteria especially non fermenters are increasing to all available antibiotic groups. Objectives: The aim of study was to detect the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility in non-fermenter Gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) in a tertiary care hospital (Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore). Study Design: Descriptive study. Settings: The study was conducted in Pathology Department, Postgraduate medical institute (PGMI), Lahore. Study Period: Six months from August 2014 to December 2014. Material and Methods: Non-fermenter Gram negative bacteria were collected from various clinical specimen including blood, pus, urine, fluid aspirates and respiratory tract in a period of six months in pathology department, PGMI. All non-fermenter Gram negative isolates were identified up to species level by standard laboratory procedures using API (Analytical profile index) 20 NE (non-enterobacteriaceae). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of non-fermenter Gram negative isolates were performed by modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method as recommended in CLSI. Results: Out of the total 51 samples the most commonly isolated NFGNB were Acinetobacterbaumanni and Burkholderiacepacia (16 each) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7), Pseudomonas luteola (5), Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia (4), Pseudomonas fluorescens (2) and Pseudomonas stutzeri(1). Conclusion: The study showed that rate of multidrug resistance increased in non-fermenter Gram negative organisms.

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Synergism between Outer Membrane Proteins and Antimicrobials

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01786-10 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 2206-2211 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. Veiga-Crespo ◽

E. Fusté ◽

T. Vinuesa ◽

M. Viñas ◽

T. G. Villa

Keyword(s):

Outer Membrane ◽

Outer Membrane Proteins ◽

Bactericidal Effect ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Logarithmic Phase ◽

Permeability Barrier ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Gram Negative

ABSTRACTAntibiotic-resistant bacteria are becoming one of the most important problems in health care because of the number of resistant strains and the paucity of new effective antimicrobials. Since antibiotic-resistant bacteria will continue to increase, it is necessary to look for new alternative strategies to fight against them. It is generally accepted that Gram-negative bacteria are intrinsically less susceptible than Gram-positive bacteria to antimicrobials. The main reason is that Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by a permeability barrier known as the outer membrane (OM). Hydrophilic solutes most often cross the OM through water-filled channels formed by a particular family of proteins known as porins. This work explores the possibility of using exogenous porins to lower the required amounts of antibiotics (ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline). Porins had a bactericidal effect onEscherichia colicultures, mainly in the logarithmic phase of growth, when combined with low antibiotic concentrations. The use of different antibiotic-porin mixtures showed a bactericidal effect greater than those of antibiotics and porins when used separately. It was possible to observe different behaviors according to the antibiotic type used.

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Lysophosphatidylcholine Potentiates Antibacterial Activity of Polymyxin B

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01337-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Jitender Yadav ◽

Sana Ismaeel ◽

Ayub Qadri

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Polymyxin B ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Membrane ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria

ABSTRACT Polymyxin B, used to treat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, produces nephrotoxicity at its current dosage. We show that a combination of nonbactericidal concentration of this drug and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) potently inhibits growth of Salmonella and at least two other Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. This combination makes bacterial membrane porous and causes degradation of DnaK, the regulator of protein folding. Polymyxin B-LPC combination may be an effective and safer regimen against drug-resistant bacteria.

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Occurrence of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Aquatic Environments in Central Minnesota

American Journal of Undergraduate Research ◽

10.33697/ajur.2015.012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Megan Bollin ◽

Ellen Jensen ◽

David Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Aquatic Ecosystems ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Density Values ◽

Resistance Coefficients

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that antibiotic resistant bacteria could be isolated and identified in aquatic ecosystems in the lakes on the campus of Saint John’s University and the nearby Sauk and Watab Rivers. A total of 125 isolates were collected. Seventy-nine percent of the isolates were gram negative rods. Twenty-six isolates that were resistant to seven or more antibiotics were selected for further investigation. The 26 isolates were all gram negative and members of seven different genera with Flavobacterium and Acinetobacter being the most common. Resistance coefficients were calculated based on optical density values relative to cells grown without antibiotics. Multi-drug resistant, gram negative bacteria were shown to be common in aquatic environments in central Minnesota.

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Retail Ready-to-Eat Food as a Potential Vehicle for Staphylococcus spp. Harboring Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-466 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 993-998 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

WIOLETA CHAJĘCKA-WIERZCHOWSKA ◽

ANNA ZADERNOWSKA ◽

BEATA NALEPA ◽

MAGDA SIERPI´NSKA ◽

ŁUCJA ŁANIEWSKA-TROKENHEIM

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Cured Meats ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

Ready-to-eat (RTE) food, which does not need thermal processing before consumption, could be a vehicle for the spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. As part of general microbiological safety checks, staphylococci are routinely enumerated in these kinds of foods. However, the presence of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci in RTE food is not routinely investigated, and data are only available from a small number of studies. The present study evaluated the pheno- and genotypical antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from 858 RTE foods (cheeses, cured meats, sausages, smoked fishes, salads). Of 113 strains isolated, S. aureus was the most prevalent species, followed by S. xylosus, S. saprophyticus, and S. epidermidis. More than half (54.9%) of the isolates were resistant to at least one class of tested antibiotic; of these, 35.4% of the strains were classified as multidrug resistant. Most of the isolates were resistant to cefoxitin (49.6%), followed by clindamycin (39.3%), tigecycline (27.4%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (22.2%), rifampin (20.5%), tetracycline (17.9%), and erythromycin (8.5%). All methicillin-resistant staphylococci harbored the mecA gene. Among the isolates resistant to at least one antibiotic, 38 harbored tetracycline resistance determinant tet(M), 24 harbored tet(L), and 9 harbored tet(K). Of the isolates positive for tet(M) genes, 34.2% were positive for the Tn916-Tn1545–like integrase family gene. Our results indicated that retail RTE food could be considered an important route for the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria harboring multiple antibiotic resistance genes.

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