scholarly journals Minimum wage in Greece and Southern Europe: Towards a new model for shaping labour relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Maria Georgia Antonopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
Fiscal Adjustment ◽  
The Way

The article focuses on the institution of the general minimum wage in Greece and Southern Europe during the economic recession and up to the present day. The economic crisis and the way it was dealt with by European and international institutions led not only to constraints in social expenditure but also restrictive income policies, among other things. Especially in countries that found themselves involved in ‘fiscal adjustment programmes’, like Greece, Spain, and Portugal, the whole of the labour market and labour relations became the arena for radical reforms. The declared targets were increasing flexibility in the labour market, decreasing labour force costs, gradually decentralizing collective agreements, changing the way wages are determined, and strengthening of flexible forms of work. Our study examines the changes in the established method of determining minimum wage in the countries of Southern Europe that were part of fiscal adjustment programmes.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE MINIMUM WAGE ON THE REPRODUCTION OF THE LABOUR FORCE IN THE RUSSIAN LABOUR MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (32(59)) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
K. Sergey
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Living Wage ◽  
Average Wage ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
Reproductive Processes ◽  
The Impact

The application of regulatory mechanisms such as the minimum wage and the subsistence minimum for the reproduction of the labour force requires special attention from the State. The Russian labour market traditionally has a significant superiority of the average wage level over the living wage and above the minimum wage, which makes these mechanisms not effective in regulating reproductive processes. The existing gap between the average wage and the minimum wage causes imperfect competition in the Russian labour market. This necessitates a review of approaches to the minimum wage and living wage in order to extend these government regulatory mechanisms to labour reproduction processes.

Equal pay through collective bargaining? Experiences from Finland

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
Incomes Policy ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
The Difference

Collective bargaining has traditionally been thought to be gender neutral. When the apparently gender-neutral surface of the agreements and their application has been investigated more closely, however, this notion has shattered. Finland is one of the European countries in which it is common for women to work. Approximately one half of the labour force consists of women. Despite the fact that the educational level of women already exceeds that of men, the difference in their wages is still significant. Most workers fall within the sphere of collective agreements and most are also members of employee or trade unions, women even more so than men. However, more men than women hold leading positions in unions and work as principal negotiators for unions. Female negotiators have emphasised gender equality more than their male counterparts. Comprehensive incomes policy agreements have been part of Finland's working life for nearly three decades. Such agreements restrain the growth in the division of wages in society. In the 1990s, elements supporting gender equality were openly included in these agreements, and equality supplements were incorporated. According to statistics, it seems that the differences in wages between the genders have slightly decreased during the preceding decade. Together the economic recession, comprehensive incomes policy agreements and perhaps also the equality supplements have made this change possible. Gender equality can be considered to have been established as part of the negotiations of the confederations of unions, and it has gained a legitimate position as part of the negotiation agenda.

The International Labour Market for Seamen, 1600-1900: Norway and Norwegian Participation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Sætra
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Detailed History

This chapter reports the growth of the Norwegian shipping trade in the period 1850-1880; an expansion that came as a result of a heightened demand for the exports of fish and timber from Norway to Western and Southern Europe. It provides a detailed history on Norwegian shipping trade, starting from the early days of expansion to Norway’s position as a leading whaling nation. The chapter provides statistical data in the form of numbers of recruitment, labour force, and wages, but notes that source material on Norwegian shipping data prior to 1800 is often scarce and unreliable. The report also outlines the significance of Norwegian presence in foreign fleets after 1850, and discusses the motive behind a seaman’s decision to emigrate. It notes that the Dutch fleet became a popular option for Norwegians, while seamen also flocked to the alternative fleets of Russia; Denmark; Sweden; Holland; France; Great Britain; North America; Argentina; Australia and South Africa.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact on Labour Relations in Estonia

2020 ◽  
pp. 255-277
Author(s):  
Kristi Joamets ◽  
Archil Chochia
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Eu Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The third industrial revolution, the digital revolution, affected economy and thus labour relations, too. Now the so-called fourth revolution, the artificial intelligence (AI) revolution, will cause further massive changes in the labour market. This is not just about the caution that robots will replace all employees, but this also raises a question about new skills the labour market requires the employees to have. Scientific literature and the EU policy documents do not cover the AI – labour market issues in a unified approach, however welcoming the development of new technologies on the one hand, with concerns about weakening the labour force by jobs loses, on the other hand. The article elucidates the AI revolution and analyses the AI influence on labour market, specifically identifying the new skills required, based on relevant scientific literature and the EU policy documents. Considering the AI impact on labour relations, continuous alteration of skills and knowledge offered should be of special concern– it is not only about a labour relation per se, new models emerge all the time in the labour market. The authors also investigate the impact of AI on the Estonian labour market, i.e. whether the AI´s effects appear as disastrous as expected or simply a welcome development for the welfare of the state. The article discusses how AI impacts labour relations and which professions fall in a greater risk of disappearing and, more specifically, the AI´s influence on the Estonian labour market.

scholarly journals 8.4. THE CHARACTERISTIC OF SOCIAL TENSION OF SUBJECTS OF SOCIAL AND LABOUR RELATIONS IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
К.А. Субхангулова
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
Social Tension ◽  
The Social ◽  
Important Direction

Формирование и развитие благоприятных социально-трудовых отношений между работниками и работодателями является важным направлением развития современного российского рынка труда. Однако полное доверие и понимание между субъектами трудовых отношений зачастую достигается посредством преодоления конфронтации сторон и борьбы интересов. Трудовые конфликты являются не только индикаторами социальной напряженности, но и средством обнаружения скрытых проблем на рынке труда. Статья посвящена характеристике социальной напряженности субъектов трудовых отношений в Российской Федерации, а также выявлению причин трудовых конфликтов и основных факторов их разрешения на основе данных авторского опроса. На основе исследования было установлено положительное влияние наличия профсоюзов, коллективных договоров, участия работников в коллективных переговорах для решения управленческих, организационных, административных и иных вопросов и участия работников в управлении организацией на социально-трудовые отношения на предприятиях. Оценка данного влияния позволяет выявить и оценить логику снижения конфликтности в трудовой сфере и повышения качества взаимоотношений между работниками и работодателями. Из ответов респондентов была получена оценка деятельности профсоюзов, результативности коллективных договоров на предприятиях, возможности участия работнико The formation and development of favourable social and labour relations between employees and employers is an important direction of the modern Russian labour market development. However full trust and understanding between the subjects of labour relations are often achieved by overcoming the confrontation of the parties and the struggle of interests. Labour conflicts are not only indicators of social tension, but also a means of detecting hidden problems in the labour market. The article is devoted to the characterization of the social tension of the subjects of labour relations in Russia, as well as the identification of the causes of labour conflicts and the main factors for their resolution based on the data of the author's survey. On the basis of the study, it was found that the presence of trade unions, collective agreements, the participation of workers in collective bargaining to solve managerial, organizational, administrative and other issues and the participation of workers in managing the organization are positively impacted on the social and labour relations in enterprises. Evaluation of this influence allows us to identify and evaluate the logic of reducing conflicts in the labour sphere and improving the quality of relations between workers and employers. We have received an assessment of the activities of trade unions, the effectiveness of collective bargaining agreements at enterprises, the possibility of workers participating in collective, and managing the organization from the responses of survey participants

How does the minimum wage affect employment statuses of youths?: evidence of Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-274
Author(s):  
Devanto Shasta Pratomo
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Youth Labour Market

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of minimum wage on youth employment across employment statuses in Indonesia. This study uses the National Labour Force Survey (Sakernas) from 2010 to 2012. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a multinomial logit model to see the youth distribution across different employment status changes as a result of an increase in the minimum wage. Five categories of youth employment statuses are examined including self-employed; unpaid family workers; paid employees in the covered sector; paid employees in the uncovered sectors; and unemployed. The model is examined separately for urban and rural areas, as well as for the male and female youth labour market. Findings – The results generally suggest that an increase in minimum wage decrease the probability of youth being employed in the covered sector, i.e. paid employment in the covered sector and increase the probability of youth being employed in the uncovered sectors, including self-employed, unpaid family workers, and paid employment in the uncovered sectors. This study indicates a displacement effect for youths from the covered sector into the uncovered sector as suggested by the two-sector model. The specific results are different across urban and rural labour markets, as well as across males and females. Originality/value – Compared to the developed country studies, the studies on the effects of minimum wage on youth employment in developing countries is relatively limited. The sample from Indonesian labour market with a large informal sector has never been used for these purposes. This study also contributes to the literature by using the particular definition of the covered-uncovered sector to the Indonesian labour market based on the employment status and individual wage data.

scholarly journals Innovation management in education: impact on socio-labour relations in the national economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 346-357
Author(s):  
Anna Vorontsova ◽  
Tetyana Mayboroda ◽  
Hlib Lieonov
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The Impact

Education plays an essential role in the national economy and is responsible for the formation of qualified and competent human resources that will act in the labour market as a labour force. At the same time, in the conditions of rapid acceleration of socio-cultural and scientific-technical changes, the updating of knowledge and acquired competencies becomes compulsory today. Therefore, there is an unconditional connection between the sphere of socio-labour relations and the field of education. Despite this, today in Ukraine there is an imbalance between these areas, which are oversaturation of the labour market by some professionals (including economic and legal), and lack of others (including labour professions), labour migration, the dissatisfaction of employers with the level of knowledge of graduates, etc. It requires the modernization of the existing situation and the coordination at the state level of the areas of interaction between socio-labour relations and education sector. In this regard, this article is devoted to the justification of the impact of state regulation of education on the development of socio-labour relations in the national economy, which will be carried out by combining the method of principal components and logit modelling in the software STATA 11. To identify the integrated level characterizing the state of socio-labour relations in the national economy of Ukraine, numerous absolute and relative indicators were analyzed, including unemployment and employment levels, labour productivity, wage arrears and its average level, etc. The results obtained suggest an improvement in the socio-labour relations in Ukraine in recent years. Logit modelling allows confirming, as well as comprehensively and individually, the impact of macroeconomic, demographic, migration parameters, and a set of performance characteristics of the education sector on the level of harmonization and convergence of processes in labour markets and educational services. It helps to define the priorities of state intervention in the field of state regulation of education. The set calculations form the basis of further research of authors in the field of the specified problems. Keywords state regulation of education, socio-labour relations, national economy, labour market, binary logit modelling.

scholarly journals Inter-Union Relations on the Waterfront: Cardiff 1888–1914

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Daunton
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Warehouse Workers ◽  
The One ◽  
Dock Workers ◽  
Board Ship

The waterfront in the nineteenth century was notorious for its complex and fragmented labour market. The stevedores on board ship and the porters on the shore were always quite distinct. In London, there were then further divisions, between quay and warehouse workers, between the export and import trades. And within these broad divisions, workers would concentrate upon a particular commodity. Specialisation was rife: the labour-force was a complex body, lacking cohesion because of the diversity of products and functions, the variety of employers, and a casual system which restricted workers to particular localities and types of work. This clearly created problems when unionisation occurred. Each specialism tended to organise separately, and the result would be a plethora of unions somewhat overlapping and competing. In London, again, there was “an endless proliferation of small societies”.1 And quite apart from the complexity of union organisation amongst the dock workers there were the external relations with on the one side the seamen, and on the other railwaymen and carters. This is all to say that one of the key elements in labour relations on the waterfront before 1914 was inter-union relations.

scholarly journals Exploring The Incidents Of Strikes In Post-Apartheid South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Genius Murwirapachena ◽  
Kin Sibanda
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
South African ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
The South ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Stakeholder Relations ◽  
South African Constitution ◽  
The Right

Since the right to strike was recognised in the South African Constitution, strike actions have been a common phenomenon in the country. Causes of strikes in South Africa are multifaceted and their effects detrimentally catastrophic. This paper explored the incidents of strikes in post-apartheid South Africa and it analysed newspaper and other published articles to track down the occurrence, causes, and effects of strikes in South Africa. In this paper, it was established that the main causes of strike actions range from poverty, inequality, and unemployment to union rivalry and the undemocratic nature of the labour relations. It also established the effects of strike actions which are both social and economic. To achieve labour market stability, this paper recommended the democratisation of labour relations, the creation of sound stakeholder relations, turning employees into employers through indigenisation policies, and the implementation of a national minimum wage.

scholarly journals Gender wage gap in Serbia: Inheritance and sources of the wage gap

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-141
Author(s):  
Kosovka Ognjenovic
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Labour Relations

The aim of this paper is to determine the size, structure, and significance of the differences in wages between men and women during the early transition in Serbia in the 2000s. During that period, a new legislative framework was established in the field of labour relations, which enabled greater liberalisation in the labour market and resulted in a reduction in the activity rate, especially of women. Following the experiences of other post-transition countries, it may be expected that economic and social changes caused by the transitional shocks may stimulate different behaviours in the labour market of both the employers, through their impact on determination of wages, and the labour force, through workers? choice to remain or to permanently exit the labour market. This could affect not only the deepening of gender differences, but also the emergence of discrimination in wage setting. The paper applies the parametric sample selection model, on the basis of which the probability of women?s participation in the labour market is estimated, as well as the wage functions of men and women. Data from the Living Standards Measurement Survey for 2002 and 2007 are used. Theoretically expected results are obtained; children and marital status with a negative sign, and sources of non-working income with a positive sign influence the probability of women?s participation in the labour force. The estimated equations of wages of men and women indicate differences in the structure of wages, which provides the basis for the application of the statistical procedure for the decomposition of the gender wage gap. Examination of the initial hypothesis revealed the presence of a significant gender wage gap, which was the largest in 2002 (10.96%), falling to 5.97% in 2007. The gender wage gap in Serbia cannot be explained by the differences in the observed characteristics of men and women, since they act in the direction of reducing the overall gap and their effect is stable, amounting to between -5.51% (2002) and -5.43% (2007). Therefore, the decline in the gender wage gap is the result of reducing the gap in the unexplained part from 17.43% (2002) to 12.06% (2007). Over the observed period, the unexplained part of the gender wage gap remains persistent and leaves room for consideration of the potential effects of discrimination and possible directions of public policy.

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