scholarly journals Purchase of medications without prescription in Peru: a cross-sectional population-based study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1392
Author(s):  
Akram Hernández-Vásquez ◽  
Christoper A. Alarcon-Ruiz ◽  
Deysi Díaz-Seijas ◽  
Luisa Magallanes-Quevedo ◽  
Diego Rosselli
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
History Of

Background: Low availability of medicines in health services, self-medication, inadequate use of medicines, and inadequate dispensing practices in pharmacies are frequent problems in Peru. We aimed to evaluate how frequent the purchase of medications without medical prescription is in Peru, and which factors are associated with this practice. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2016 ENSUSALUD national survey data. Purchase of medicines that require a prescription was measured as a dichotomous coded as bought one or more medicines that requires medical prescription or bought medicines that do not require a prescription. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using Poisson regressions model with robust variance to assess the association of purchasing of medicines that require prescriptions with sociodemographic factors. Results: There were 3858 participants in the dataset. The prevalence of purchasing medications without prescriptions was 47.2%. History of having previously consumed the same medication (31.6%), and the delay in receiving an appointment at health facilities (26.9%) were the main reasons to buy medications without a prescription. Regarding the recommendation of the medication purchased, the advice of the pharmacy, and remembering a previous old prescription, were the most frequent reasons (38.3%, and 25.9%, respectively). On the multivariable analysis, users that buy medications without prescription were more likely to be of aged 24-45; reside in the Amazon and Highlands regions; and self-consumption of the purchase. Individuals with Seguro Integral de Salud (Comprehensive Health Insurance) were less likely to buy medications without prescription. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of prescription requiring medication being bought without one from pharmacies in Peru. It is necessary to include the evaluation of consumer patterns to develop strategies with the aim to regulate the consumption of prescription drugs in the Peruvian population.

scholarly journals Purchase of medications without prescription in Peru: a cross-sectional population-based study

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1392
Author(s):  
Akram Hernández-Vásquez ◽  
Christoper A. Alarcon-Ruiz ◽  
Deysi Díaz-Seijas ◽  
Luisa Magallanes-Quevedo ◽  
Diego Rosselli
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dichotomous Variable ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
History Of

Background: Low availability of medicines in health services, self-medication, inadequate use of medicines, and inadequate dispensing practices in pharmacies are frequent problems in Peru. We aimed to evaluate how frequent the purchase of medications without medical prescription is in Peru, and which factors are associated with this practice. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2016 ENSUSALUD national survey data. Purchase of one or more medicines that require a prescription was measured as a dichotomous variable. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using Poisson regressions model with robust variance to assess the association of purchasing of medicines that require prescriptions with sociodemographic factors. Results: There were 3858 participants in the dataset. The prevalence of purchasing medications without prescriptions was 47.2%. History of having previously consumed the same medication (31.6%), and the delay in receiving an appointment at health facilities (26.9%) were the main reasons to buy medications without a prescription. Regarding the recommendation of the medication purchased, the advice of the pharmacy, and remembering a previous old prescription, were the most frequent reasons (38.3%, and 25.9%, respectively). On the multivariable analysis, users that buy medications without prescription were more likely to be of aged 25-44; reside in the Jungle  and Highlands regions; and self-consumption of the purchase. Individuals with Seguro Integral de Salud (Comprehensive Health Insurance) were less likely to buy medications without prescription. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of prescription requiring medication being bought without one from pharmacies in Peru. It is necessary to include the evaluation of consumer patterns to develop strategies with the aim to regulate the consumption of prescription drugs in the Peruvian population.

scholarly journals Consumption of medicines in high-risk pregnancy: evaluation of determinants related to the use of prescription drugs and self-medication

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Dayse Araújo ◽  
Marineide Marinho Leal ◽  
Eliane Jucielly Vasconcelos Santos ◽  
Leila Bastos Leal
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
High Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Health Care Education ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
History Of

The use of drugs during pregnancy still represents a challenge for medicine, since the majority of drugs cross the placental barrier with a potential to cause several congenital problems to the fetus, and most of them have not been clinically tested in pregnant patients. At the same time, the medicalization phenomenon, self-medication, and lack of patient information about the misuse of medicines are additional problems. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of medicine consumption in high-risk pregnancies and the determinants related to this consumption pattern. In order to do so, a cross-sectional descriptive study was performed with puerperal women who had a history of high-risk pregnancy. Statistically significant associations were found between self-medication and fewer prenatal visits, and cigarette use during pregnancy and a higher number of children. According to these data, the vulnerability of this population to the risks of drug use is evident, demonstrating a gap that requires urgent interventions in health-care education.

scholarly journals An epidemiological study on the prevalence of self-medication practises: a serious threat for the population in the Muvattupuzha region in Kerala, India

1970 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Jeeva Joseph, Sandramol Shaji, Jude James, Anitta Merlin, Bharat Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Otc Drugs ◽  
Provide Health Education

This study is an investigation on Self medication, defined as the ‘use of a product without medical prescription or consultation in order to prevent or treat a disease or a symptom or to promote health'. The main issues in self-medication are improper usage of resources, OTC abuse, pathogen resistance and potential side effects with prolonged suffering in many of the cases. A prospective, cross -sectional questionnaire based study was carried out among 450 people selected by random sampling in the Muvattupuzha, Kerala, region. The main objectives of this study were to find out the reason and type of illness for which people self-medicate, prevalence of self-medication during pregnancy, self-medication with antibiotics and pharmacist’s approach while dispensing the OTC drugs. In the study, it was clear that a majority of the population self-medicate which includes the prescription drugs and even antibiotics. Self-medication is a serious public health concern; the remedy is to provide health education and which is the responsibility of all the pharmacists.

scholarly journals The association between subclinical hypothyroidism and TPOAb positivity with infertility in a population-based study: Tehran thyroid study (TTS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Batul Birjandi ◽  
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽  
Atieh Amouzegar ◽  
Maryam Tohidi ◽  
Razieh Bidhendi Yarandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Autoimmune Condition ◽  
Biochemical Measurements ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Abstract Background Thyroid autoimmunity(TAI) is the most prevalent autoimmune condition in women of fertile age. There are increasing data regarding the association of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity with adverse pregnancy outcomes but there is no consensus regarding infertility and TPOAb positivity; thus we aimed to evaluate the association between thyroid TPOAb positivity and infertility in females and males in a population-based study (TTS). Methods Cross-sectional study of 3197 female and male participants in Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS) at the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Data included biochemical measurements and a self-administered questionnaire. Results A total of 12,823 cases in phase 4, 3719 cases (2108 female and 1611 male) were analyzed. The mean TSH of the infertile female and male was 2.52 ± 2.68 μIU/ml and 3.24 ± 10.26 μIU/ml respectively. The TPO median(IQR) of women with and without a history of infertility were 6.05 (3.30–13.96)and 6.04 (3.17–11.15);(P = 0.613), they were 5.08 (3.20–125.68) and 5.31 (3.93–125.68);(P = 0.490) in male participants, respectively. Results of crude and adjusted logistic regression analysis of the development of infertility by thyroid function and TPOAb, except for fT4 in male subjects, depicted no association between infertility and other variables in both crude and adjusted models. Conclusion Based on the result, thyroid autoimmunity was not associated with infertility in both females and males.

scholarly journals Subjective cognitive complaints at age 70: associations with amyloid and mental health

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2020-325620
Author(s):  
Ivanna M. Pavisic ◽  
Kirsty Lu ◽  
Sarah E. Keuss ◽  
Sarah-Naomi James ◽  
Christopher A. Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Amyloid Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Anxiety Depression

ObjectiveTo investigate subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in relation to β-amyloid pathology and to test for associations with anxiety, depression, objective cognition and family history of dementia in the Insight 46 study.MethodsCognitively unimpaired ~70-year-old participants, all born in the same week in 1946 (n=460, 49% female, 18% amyloid-positive), underwent assessments including the SCD-Questionnaire (MyCog). MyCog scores were evaluated with respect to 18F-Florbetapir-PET amyloid status (positive/negative). Associations with anxiety, depression, objective cognition (measured by the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite, PACC) and family history of dementia were also investigated. The informant’s perspective on SCD was evaluated in relation to MyCog score.ResultsAnxiety (mean (SD) trait anxiety score: 4.4 (3.9)) was associated with higher MyCog scores, especially in women. MyCog scores were higher in amyloid-positive compared with amyloid-negative individuals (adjusted means (95% CIs): 5.3 (4.4 to 6.1) vs 4.3 (3.9 to 4.7), p=0.044), after accounting for differences in anxiety. PACC (mean (SD) −0.05 (0.68)) and family history of dementia (prevalence: 23.9%) were not independently associated with MyCog scores. The informant’s perception of SCD was generally in accordance with that of the participant.ConclusionsThis cross-sectional study demonstrates that symptoms of SCD are associated with both β-amyloid pathology, and more consistently, trait anxiety in a population-based cohort of older adults, at an age when those who are destined to develop dementia are still likely to be some years away from symptoms. This highlights the necessity of considering anxiety symptoms when assessing Alzheimer’s disease pathology and SCD.

Assessment of Pattern, Determinants and Treatment Practices of Menstrual Disorders among Medical Undergraduate Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Joseph ◽  
Ayisha Alfiya ◽  
Megha Khurana ◽  
Maheshwari Divya ◽  
Kritika Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
Excessive Consumption

Background: Menstruation-related symptoms (MRSs) have been observed to result in absenteeism from either work or education, more commonly among women below 21 years than women of any other age group. Despite its high prevalence and associated ill effects, it is generally ignored even by medical students. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the pattern, determinants, and treatment practices of menstrual disorders among undergraduate medical students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 215 female medical students from first to final year. Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire. The height and weight of participants were measured using standard procedures. Results: The most common menstrual disorders reported by participants over the past six months were dysmenorrhoea [191(88.8%)] followed by irregular cycles [43(20.0%)]. In multivariable analysis, the presence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and excessive consumption of coffee was associated with irregular menstrual cycles; the presence of anaemia was associated with menorrhagia, the presence of fibroids and age of participants ≤18 years were associated with polymenorrhoea, excessive chocolate consumption was related to intermenstrual bleeding, excessive chocolate consumption, presence of anaemia, and low body mass index (BMI) were associated with premenstrual syndrome. Self-medication was reported by 15 (42.9%) out of the 35 participants on treatment. Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea, menstrual irregularities, and premenstrual symptoms were common among participants. They need to limit potential risk factors like excessive consumption of coffee and chocolates. Additionally, screening for anaemia, PCOS, fibroids and low BMI needs to be done. Self-medication practices need to be also dissuaded in the setting.

Abstract P256: Association Between Antidepressants Use and Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Florida Stroke Registry

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mithilesh Siddu ◽  
Antonio Bustillo ◽  
Carolina M Gutierrez ◽  
Kefeng Wang ◽  
Hannah Gardener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Stroke Registry ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antidepressant Use

Introduction: SSRIs, the most commonly prescribed antidepressants (AD) in the US, are linked to an increased intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) risk possibly related to impaired platelet function. In the Florida Stroke Registry (FSR), we studied the proportion of cases presenting with ICH amongst AD users and the rate of SSRI prescription amongst stroke patients discharged on AD. Methods: From Jan 2010 to Dec 2019 we included 127,915 cases from FSR in whom information on AD use was available. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate ICH proportions amongst AD and non-AD users and rates of prescribed SSRIs at discharge. Results: The rate of ICH amongst prior AD users (n=17,009, median age 74, IQR=19) and non-AD users (n=110,906, median age 72, IQR=21) were 11% and 14% respectively. Prior AD users were more likely to be female (17% vs. 10% male), non-Hispanic White (16% vs. 8% non-Hispanic Black vs. 12% Florida Hispanic vs. 6% Puerto Rican Hispanic), have hypertension (HTN) (14.% vs. 10%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (16% vs.12%), use oral anticoagulants (OAC) (17 % vs. 13%), antiplatelets (AP; 17% vs. 11%), and statins (17% vs. 10%) prior to hospital presentation. In multivariable analysis adjusting for age, race, prior history of HTN, DM, prior OAC, AP and statin use, AD users just as likely to present with spontaneous ICH as compared to non-AD users (OR=0.92, 95% CI 0.85, 1.01). A total of 3.4% of all ICH patients and 9% of those in whom AD information was available were discharged home on an AD (74 % SSRI, 24% other AD). Conclusion: In this large population-based study, we did not find an association between prior AD use and an increased rate of ICH. Importantly AD (mostly SSRIs) are commonly prescribed to patients with ICH in routine clinical practice. The association between types, duration, and safety of antidepressant use in ICH patients deserves further studies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of self-medication in Brazil and associated factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (suppl 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Sérgio Dourado Arrais ◽  
Maria Eneida Porto Fernandes ◽  
Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol ◽  
Luiz Roberto Ramos ◽  
Sotero Serrate Mengue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The North ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
Use Of Health Services

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence and associated factors regarding the use of medicines by self-medication in Brazil. METHODS This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted using data from the PNAUM (National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), collected between September 2013 and February 2014 by interviews at the homes of the respondents. All people who reported using any medicines not prescribed by a doctor or dentist were classified as self-medication practitioners. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (Poisson regression) and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated in order to investigate the factors associated with the use of self-medication by medicines. The independent variables were: sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions and access to and use of health services. In addition, the most commonly consumed medicines by self-medication were individually identified. RESULTS The self-medication prevalence in Brazil was 16.1% (95%CI 15.0–17.5), with it being highest in the Northeast region (23.8%; 95%CI 21.6–26.2). Following the adjusted analysis, self-medication was observed to be associated with females, inhabitants from the North, Northeast and Midwest regions and individuals that have had one, or two or more chronic diseases. Analgesics and muscle relaxants were the therapeutic groups most used for self-medication, with dipyrone being the most consumed medicines. In general, most of the medicines used for self-medication were classified as non-prescriptive (65.5%). CONCLUSIONS Self-medication is common practice in Brazil and mainly involves the use of non-prescription medicines; therefore, the users of such should be made aware of the possible risks.

scholarly journals The management of upper gastrointestinal symptoms: A study on community pharmacies in Italy

Pharmacia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-409
Author(s):  
Enrico Keber ◽  
Paolo Rocco ◽  
Umberto M. Musazzi ◽  
Antonio M. Morselli-Labate ◽  
Nicolina P. Floris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Medication History ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Class ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are usual complaints among patients presenting to Italian community pharmacies. However, information on treatment history of those patients is often lacking. This descriptive, cross-sectional study aims at exploring the medication history of individuals with upper GI tract symptoms visiting one of the 20 enrolled community pharmacies, over a period of 7 months, based on the administration of a questionnaire. Of 1,020 interviewees, 62.1% had asked for a medical consultation. The most frequent symptom was epigastric burning (31.8%), followed by acid regurgitation (14.6%) and post-prandial fullness (12.0%). Of the 1,609 therapies, proton pump inhibitors constituted the most represented therapeutic class (35.6%) followed by antacids (17.5%) and alginate-based products (17.2%). In treating symptoms, 38.1% of the patients do not seek medical advice, while 42.0% rely on non-prescription therapies. As findings suggest, support to patients with GI disorders in community pharmacies can be enhanced for a safer self-medication.

scholarly journals Use, awareness and willingness to self-test for HIV: An analysis of cross-sectional population-based surveys in Malawi and Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Case Johnson ◽  
Melissa Neuman ◽  
Peter MacPherson ◽  
Augustine Choko ◽  
Caitlin Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Test ◽  
Result Analysis

Abstract Background Many southern African countries are nearing the global goal to diagnose 90% of people with HIV by 2020. In 2016, 84% and 86% of people with HIV knew their status in Malawi and Zimbabwe respectively. Despite this progress, gaps remain, particularly among men (≥25 years). We investigated awareness, use and willingness to HIV self-test (HIVST) prior to large scale implementation and explored sociodemographic associations. Methods We pooled responses from two of the first cross-sectional Demographic Health Surveys to include HIVST questions: Malawi and Zimbabwe in 2015-16. Sociodemographic factors and sexual risk behaviours associated with previously testing for HIV, and awareness, past use and future willingness to self-test were investigated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for the sample design and limiting analysis to participants with completed questionnaire and a valid HIV result. Analysis of willingness to self-test was restricted to Zimbabwean men, as Malawians and women were not asked this question. Results Of 31 385 individuals, the proportion never-tested was higher for men (31.2%) than women (16.5%), p<0.001. For men, having ever tested increased with age. Past use and awareness of HIVST was very low, 1.2% and 12.6% respectively. Awareness was lower among women than men (9.1% vs 15.3%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37-1.75), and at younger ages, and lower education and literacy levels. Willingness to self-test among Zimbabwean men was high (84.5%), with having previously tested for HIV, high sexual risk, and being ≥25 years associated with greater willingness. Wealthier men had greater awareness of HIVST than poorer men (p<0.001). Men at higher HIV-related sexual risk, compared to men at lower HIV-related sexual risk, had the greatest willingness to self-test (aOR=3.74; 95%CI: 1.39-10.03, p<0.009).Conclusions In 2015-16 many Malawian and Zimbabwean men had never tested for HIV. Despite low awareness and minimal HIVST experience at that time, willingness to self-test was high among Zimbabwean men, especially in older men with moderate to high HIV-related sexual risk. These data provide a valuable baseline against which to investigate population-level uptake of HIVST as programmes scale-up. Programmes introducing, or planning to introduce HIVST, should consider including questions in population-based surveys.

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