scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and microbiome composition among medical students from Colombia: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niradiz Reyes ◽  
Oscar Montes ◽  
Stephanie Figueroa ◽  
Raj Tiwari ◽  
Christopher C. Sollecito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Hispanic Origin ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The anterior nares are the main ecological niche for Staphylococcus aureus, an important commensal and opportunistic pathogen. Medical students are frequently colonized by a variety of pathogens. Microbial interactions in the human nose can prevent or favor colonization by pathogens, and individuals colonized by pathogens have increased risk of infection and are the source of transmission to other community members or susceptible individuals. According to recent studies, the microbiome from several anatomic areas of healthy individuals varies across different ethnicities. Although previous studies analyzed the nasal microbiome in association with S. aureus carriage, those studies did not provide information regarding ethnicity of participants. Our aim was to assess S. aureus nasal carriage patterns and prevalence among medical students from Colombia, a country of Hispanic origin, and to investigate possible associations of colonization and nasal microbiome composition (bacterial and fungal) in a subgroup of students with known S. aureus carriage patterns. Methods: Nasal swabs from second-year medical students were used to determine prevalence and patterns of S. aureus nasal carriage. Based on microbiological results, we assigned participants into one of three patterns of S. aureus colonization: persistent, intermittent, and non-carrier. Then, we evaluated the composition of nasal microbial communities (bacterial and fungal) in 5 individuals from each carriage category using 16S rRNA and Internal-Transcribed-Spacer sequencing. Results: Prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage among medical students was 28%. Carriage of methicillin-resistant strains was 8.4% and of methicillin-sensitive strains was 19.6%. We identified 19.6% persistent carriers, 17.5% intermittent carriers, and 62.9% non-carriers. Conclusions: Analysis of nasal microbiome found that bacterial and fungal diversity was higher in individuals colonized by S. aureus than in non-carriers; however, the difference among the three groups was non-significant. We confirmed that fungi were present within the healthy anterior nares at substantial biomass and richness.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and microbiome composition among medical students from Colombia: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Niradiz Reyes ◽  
Oscar Montes ◽  
Stephanie Figueroa ◽  
Raj Tiwari ◽  
Christopher C. Sollecito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Hispanic Origin ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The anterior nares are the main ecological niche for Staphylococcus aureus, an important commensal and opportunistic pathogen. Medical students are frequently colonized by a variety of pathogens. Microbial interactions in the human nose can prevent or favor colonization by pathogens, and individuals colonized by pathogens have increased risk of infection and are the source of transmission to other community members or susceptible individuals. According to recent studies, the microbiome from several anatomic areas of healthy individuals varies across different ethnicities. Although previous studies analyzed the nasal microbiome in association with S. aureus carriage, those studies did not provide information regarding ethnicity of participants. Our aim was to assess S. aureus nasal carriage patterns and prevalence among medical students from Colombia, a country of Hispanic origin, and to investigate possible associations of colonization and nasal microbiome composition (bacterial and fungal) in a subgroup of students with known S. aureus carriage patterns. Methods: Nasal swabs from second-year medical students were used to determine prevalence and patterns of S. aureus nasal carriage. Based on microbiological results, we assigned participants into one of three patterns of S. aureus colonization: persistent, intermittent, and non-carrier. Then, we evaluated the composition of nasal microbial communities (bacterial and fungal) in 5 individuals from each carriage category using 16S rRNA and Internal-Transcribed-Spacer sequencing. Results: Prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage among medical students was 28%. Carriage of methicillin-resistant strains was 8.4% and of methicillin-sensitive strains was 19.6%. We identified 19.6% persistent carriers, 17.5% intermittent carriers, and 62.9% non-carriers. Conclusions: Analysis of nasal microbiome found that bacterial and fungal diversity was higher in individuals colonized by S. aureus than in non-carriers; however, the difference among the three groups was non-significant. We confirmed that fungi were present within the healthy anterior nares at substantial biomass and richness.

A cross sectional study to assess nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in healthcare professionals in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fibhaa Syed ◽  
Nasim Akhtar ◽  
Mohammad Ali Arif ◽  
Adil Ramzan ◽  
Rauf Niazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Abstract Objective: To determine the nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers in a tertiary care setting. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, from April to July 2018, and comprised healthcare workers at the institution. Nasal swabs were collected and cultured on Mannitol salt agar. Mannitol fermenting colonies which were gram-positive cocci, catalase-positive and coagulase-positive were identified as staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was detected using cefoxitin disc diffusion method. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: Of the 210 nasal swabs, 52(24.76%) had a staphylococcus aureus growth, and, of them, 15(7.1%) were methicillin-resistant. No association could be established with either any single category of healthcare worker or an inter-department variation (p>0.05). Likewise, there was no association with age, gender, duration of service, smoking, co-morbidities, use of antibiotics in the preceding six months, treating a patient with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in the preceding six months and hospitalisation in the preceding year (p>0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of nasal carriage of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus amongst healthcare workers was regardless of the nature of their professional engagement. Key Words: Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, Nasal carriage, Continuous...

scholarly journals Nasal Carriage and Methicillin Resistance of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Schoolchildren in Sana’a City, Yemen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arwa Mohammed Othman ◽  
Belques Sharaf Al-Huraibi ◽  
Rowa Mohammed Assayaghi ◽  
Huda Zaid Al-Shami
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a frequent cause of serious health problems with high morbidity and mortality. The risk of S. aureus infections is increased with the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The aim of this study is to determine the nasal carriage rate of both S. aureus and MRSA among schoolchildren in Sana’a city.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2018 to May 2020. Five hundred and eighty eight students were enrolled. Nasal swabs were collected from each student for culturing and methicillin susceptibility testing. Results: Out 588 nasal swab, 536 yielded bacterial growth. Students with positive culture were 271(51%) males and 265(49%) females. Their age ranged from 5 to 19 years old with mean age and standard deviation equaled to 13.3±3.5 years. S. aureus was isolated from 129 (24%) students whereas the overall prevalence of MRSA was 8(1.5%). S. aureus was significantly recovered from students at age group 10-14 years (χ2 = 7.02, p = 0.03), females than males (OR= 1.96, χ2 = 10.75, p = 0.001), and students who were admitted into hospitals (OR= 1.6, χ2 = 4.89, p = 0.03). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between MRSA carriage and students’ age (χ2 = 2.3, p = 0.32), gender (OR= 1.02, χ2 = 0.001, p = 0.63), and hospital admission (OR= 1.4, χ2 = 0.25, p = 0.62). Conclusions: The prevalence of MRSA is low among schoolchildren in Sana’a city. Age, gender and previous hospital admission were statistically associated with nasal carriage of S. aureus but not MRSA nasal carriage.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in Patients Hospitalized in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran (2016 - 2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Zamanian ◽  
Marya Shirvani ◽  
Alireza Janbakhsh ◽  
Babak Sayad ◽  
Siavash Vaziri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen, which often causes asymptomatic diseases. This bacterium could cause several disorders, ranging from skin infections to life-threatening diseases. S. aureus could also develop resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic resistance in isolated S. aureus in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,228 patients with a positive S. aureus culture who were admitted to Imam Reza Hospital during 2016 - 2018. In accordance with the CLSI protocol, bacterial isolates were separated using laboratory tests, and antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the standard disk-diffusion method. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24. Results: Most of the S. aureus-positive cases were isolated from the emergency ward (43.7%), blood samples (40.1%), and urine samples (23.9%). The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against erythromycin, penicillin G, ofloxacin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, and piperacillin. With 93.3% and 81.8% sensitivity, vancomycin and teicoplanin were respectively the most effective antibiotics against S. aureus. Conclusions: According to the results, the prevalence of resistant S. aureus strains could be due to the long-term hospitalization of patients and the overuse of antibiotics in infection treatment. Therefore, proper monitoring and development of effective infection control methods are essential in these healthcare settings.

scholarly journals Nasal Colonization of Staphylococcus aureus and their Antibiograms among School Children in Bharatpur, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjib Adhikari ◽  
Sujan Khadka ◽  
Ashish Parajuli ◽  
Anjana KC ◽  
Rajani Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
School Children ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Group 3

Background: Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus has been linked to several community-acquired and nosocomial infections. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of S.aureus colonizing the anterior nares of school children in Bharatpur, Nepal. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 206 school children aged 3-15 years from fourteen different government schools in Bharatpur, Nepal were enrolled from January to May 2017. Prior to collecting sample, permission was sought from the administration of each school. All the participants were informed about the purposes of the study and the method of sample collection. Isolation of S.aureus and their antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed by standard microbiological procedures. Results: S. aureus was isolated in 35(16.9%) cases of which 6 (17.1%) were methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) and 7 (20.0%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA was higher in the age group 10-15 years (24.1% and 3.6%) compared to the age group 3-9 years (8.5% and 2.1%) (p=0.003).All the isolates were sensitive towards vancomycin and amikacin. Conclusions: Promotion of good hygienic practices among school going children can be suggested to abate the risk of spread and infections by S.aureus.Keywords: antibiotic resistance; MRSA; nasal carriage; S. aureus; school children.

scholarly journals Association between Sleep Quality and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Medical Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Azam Teimouri ◽  
Babak Amra
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

BACKGROUND Due to stressful occupational conditions, irregular dietary and sleep schedules, medical students are at increased risk of developing gastrointestinal disorders, gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) in particular, as well as sleep disturbances. Therefore, for the first time, we aimed to assess the correlation between GERD and sleep disturbances among medical students. METHODS The current cross-sectional study was done on 290 medical students at different study periods in Iran during 2018-2019. Age, sex, stage of studying, residence, and body mass index were gathered. The frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (FSSG) was utilized to assess gastrointestinal symptoms among them and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality. Eventually, the association of sleep disturbances with demographic factors and gastrointestinal symptoms was evaluated. RESULTS Living in the dormitory (p = 0.048; OR: 1.73; 95%CI: 1.01-2.99) and being overweight (p < 0.001; OR: 3.09; 95%CI: 1.58-6.06) were independently correlated with impaired sleep quality. GERD presented either by heartburn (p < 0.001) or regurgitation (p < 0.001) was associated with a lower quality of life. CONCLUSION GERD was correlated with poor sleep quality among medical students. In addition, residence in dormitory and being overweight were correlated with poor sleep quality.

scholarly journals Measures of generalized and central obesity among medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
S. Senthil Kumar ◽  
S. Vithiavathi ◽  
P. Parameswaren ◽  
S. Rakesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Obesity is a disease process characterized by excessive body fat accumulation which is associated with a large number of debilitating and life-threatening disorders. It is necessary to curb obesity when its beginning in late childhood or adolescence and youngsters. Hence this study is aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity among medical college students.Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study conducted at Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry. Height, weight, waist and hip circumference were measured, and BMI and Waist Hip ratio has been calculated according to WHO standards to determine obesity level in students.Results: Out of the total 94 students included in the study 56.4% students were in normal weight, 26.6% overweight, 6.4% were obese and shockingly 10.6 % were in the underweight category. Nearly 81.8% and 79.5% of female and male students respectively were in the substantially increased risk category showing insignificant difference between genders.Conclusions: This study shows that overweight and obesity is prevalent among medical students without much difference in gender basis. Frequent screening might create awareness among students and help them become more self-conscious regarding overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Nasal Carriage and Methicillin Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus among Schoolchildren in Sana’a City, Yemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Arwa Mohammed Othman ◽  
Belques Sharaf Al-Huraibi ◽  
Rowa Mohammed Assayaghi ◽  
Huda Zaid Al-Shami
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Background. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a frequent cause of serious health problems with high morbidity and mortality. The risk of S. aureus infections is increased with the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This study aims to determine the nasal carriage rate of both S. aureus and MRSA among schoolchildren in Sana’a city. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2018 to May 2020. Five hundred and thirty-six students were enrolled. Their age ranged from 5 to 19 years with the mean age and standard deviation equal to 13.3 ± 3.5 years. Nasal swabs were collected from each student for culturing and methicillin susceptibility testing. Results. Students with positive culture were 271 (51%) males and 265 (49%) females. S. aureus was isolated from 129 (24%) students whereas the overall prevalence of MRSA was 8 (1.5%). S. aureus was significantly recovered from students at the age group of 10–14 years (χ2 = 7.02; p = 0.03 ), females than males (OR = 1.96; χ2 = 10.75; p = 0.001 ), and students who were admitted into hospitals (OR = 1.6; χ2 = 4.89; p = 0.03 ). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between MRSA carriage and students’ age (χ2 = 2.3; p = 0.32 ), gender (OR = 1.02; χ2 = 0.001; p = 0.63 ), and hospital admission (OR = 1.4; χ2 = 0.25; p = 0.62 ). Conclusions. The prevalence of MRSA is low among schoolchildren in Sana’a city. Age, gender, and previous hospital admission were statistically associated with nasal carriage of S. aureus but not MRSA nasal carriage.

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