scholarly journals Case Report: Postmortem bone histomorphometric analysis in a 38-year-old Japanese man with immobilization osteoporosis because of orthostatic hypotension related to amyloid light chain amyloidosis

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Masaki Hatano ◽  
Izuru Kitajima ◽  
Masaki Nakamura ◽  
Kazuya Isawa ◽  
Tatsuya Suwabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Histomorphometric Analysis ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Normal Value ◽  
Light Chain Amyloidosis ◽  
Bone Width

We performed a postmortem bone histomorphometric analysis of iliac bone on a 38-year-old man who had been bedridden for the nine months before his death because of orthostatic hypotension and severe malnutrition related to amyloidκ-light-chain amyloidosis. Cancellous bone volume was greatly decreased, with a trabecular bone volume to total bone volume ratio of 6.77% (normal value, 19.56% ± 5.62%). Trabecular thinning was also apparent, with a trabecular thickness of 78.9 μm (normal value, 131.3 ± 28.1 μm), although the trabecula was still preserved. Cortical bone width was normal, although areas of porosity area were clear throughout the cortical bone. Our findings indicate that immobilization-related osteoporosis may be closely associated with loss of cancellous bone.

Spiral CT Analysis of the Effect of Long-Term Heavy-Load Wrist Movement on Metacarpal Bone Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-852
Author(s):  
Lirong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Volume Percentage

In order to analyze the influence of long-term heavy-load wrist exercise on metacarpal structure based on spiral CT, the metacarpal data of five groups of long-term heavy-load wrist athletes and volunteers are compared. The measurement parameters are cancellous bone volume, cortical bone volume, cancellous bone volume percentage and cortical bone volume percentage. After three-dimensional reconstruction and three-dimensional image cutting of metacarpal CT images and comparing the measured parameters, the volume of cancellous metacarpal bone in the experimental group is larger than that in the control group, which indicates that long-term and heavy-load wrist exercise can produce stress stimulation on metacarpal bone, which can reconstruct bone tissue and change its composition.

5 alpha-Dihydrotestosterone partially restores cancellous bone volume in osteopenic ovariectomized rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (6) ◽  
pp. E853-E859 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Tobias ◽  
A. Gallagher ◽  
T. J. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Longitudinal Bone Growth ◽  
Periosteal Bone Formation

Although androgens are thought to be important for skeletal maintenance in females and males, little is known about the mechanisms involved. To investigate this question further, we examined the effects of administering 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/kg 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) for 60 days on the skeleton of ovariectomized rats. Treatment was delayed until 90 days after ovariectomy to enable bone loss to stabilize. We found that ovariectomy markedly reduced cancellous bone volume of the proximal tibial metaphysis due to a combination of loss and thinning of trabeculae. Cancellous bone volume was partially restored by all doses of DHT, with trabecular thickness, but not number, returning to that of sham-operated animals. DHT also stimulated longitudinal bone growth and endosteal and periosteal bone formation and suppressed histomorphometric indexes of cancellous bone resorption. This suggests that DHT influences skeletal metabolism in osteopenic ovariectomized rats both by stimulating bone formation and suppressing resorption, although it is unclear which, if any, of these actions predominate at cancellous sites.

scholarly journals Prolonged low-dose infusion of human parathyroid hormone does not increase femoral cancellous bone volume in ovariectomized rats

1999 ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Morley ◽  
JF Whitfield ◽  
GE Willick ◽  
V Ross ◽  
S MacLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Human Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Trabecular Number

OBJECTIVE: Daily injections of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) increase bone volume in various animal species and in osteoporotic women. For hPTH to be widely accepted as an anabolic therapy for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis alternative delivery options need to be explored to replace the need for daily patient subcutaneous self-injection. Among these are inhalation, oral delivery and the use of programmable implanted minipumps to deliver the peptide. While infusion of high doses of PTH causes bone loss and hypercalcemia, no studies have assessed the effects of prolonged infusion of low doses of PTH on bone growth. DESIGN AND METHODS: [Leu(27)]-cyclo(Glu(22)-Lys(26))-hPTH-(1--31)NH(2) was delivered by Alzet minipumps to ovariectomized rats for 6 weeks after which histomorphometric indices (cancellous bone volume, trabecular thickness, mean trabecular number) of bone formation were measured in distal femurs. RESULTS: Infusing low doses (0.05 and 0.1 nmole/100g body weight/day) of the hPTH analog, [Leu(27)]-cyclo(Glu(22)-Lys(26))-hPTH-(1--31)NH(2), for 6 weeks does not prevent the ovariectomy-induced loss of rat femoral cancellous bone volume, trabecular thickness or trabecular number. CONCLUSION: These results support the absolute requirement of daily injections for the osteogenic action of hPTH on bone.

scholarly journals Model-Independent 3D Descriptors of Vertebral Cancellous Bone Architecture

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian H. Parkinson ◽  
Danielle Forbes ◽  
Peter Sutton-Smith ◽  
Nicola L. Fazzalari
Keyword(s):  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Trabecular Separation ◽  
Structural Model Index

High-resolution micro computed tomography has enabled measurement of bone architecture derived from 3D representations of cancellous bone. Twenty-eight vertebral bodies were obtained from four embalmed male cadavers. From 3D anaglyphs, trabecular rod thickness and length were measured and the trabecular rod Buckling index was calculated. From 3D voxel-based datasets, bone volume density, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation were measured. Also, trabecular bone pattern factor, structural model index, connectivity density, and degree of anisotropy were calculated. Bone volume density alone explains 59% of the variability in trabecular rod Buckling index. The addition of connectivity density, trabecular separation, and structural model index, in a multiple regression statistical model, improves the explanatory power to 77%. The relationships between measures of cancellous bone architecture and a derived measure of trabecular rod strength were investigated. Morphological descriptors of cancellous bone provide a composite explanatory model of trabecular rod strength.

scholarly journals Mechanical Loading-Related Bone Gain Is Enhanced by Tamoxifen but Unaffected by Fulvestrant in Female Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (12) ◽  
pp. 5582-5590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Sugiyama ◽  
Gabriel L. Galea ◽  
Lance E. Lanyon ◽  
Joanna S. Price
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Bone Gain ◽  
The Right

Accumulating evidence indicates that estrogen receptors (ERs) are involved in the mechano-adaptive mechanisms by which loading influences the mass and architecture of bones to establish and maintain their structural load-bearing competence. In the present study, we assessed the effects of the ER modulators tamoxifen and fulvestrant (ICI 182,780) on loading-related changes in the volume and structure of trabecular and cortical bone in the tibiae of female mice. Ten days after actual or sham ovariectomy, 17-wk-old female C57BL/6 mice were treated with vehicle (peanut oil), tamoxifen (0.02, 0.2, or 2 mg/kg · d), fulvestrant (4 mg/kg · d), or their combination and the right tibiae subjected to a short period of noninvasive axial loading (40 cycles/d) on 5 d during the subsequent 2 wk. In the left control tibiae, ovariectomy, tamoxifen, or fulvestrant did not have any significant effect on cortical bone volume, whereas trabecular bone volume was decreased by ovariectomy, increased by tamoxifen, and unaffected by fulvestrant. In the right tibiae, loading was associated with increases in both trabecular and cortical bone volume. Notably, the medium dose of tamoxifen synergistically enhanced loading-related gain in trabecular bone volume through an increase in trabecular thickness. Fulvestrant had no influence on the effects of loading but abrogated the enhancement of loading-related bone gain by tamoxifen. These data demonstrate that, at least in female mice, the adaptive response to mechanical loading of trabecular bone can be enhanced by ER modulators, in this case by tamoxifen.

scholarly journals The use of high-resolution computed tomography to explore age-related trabecular change in human ribs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Mavroudas ◽  
Victoria M Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Age Related

High-resolution computed tomography was used to explore age-related trabecular change in male human ribs ranging in age from 20–95 years (Mean=55 years, SD=21.634 years) from the Texas State Donated Skeletal Collection (TXSTDSC). Two regions of interest (ROIs), midshaft (50%) and anterior (75%) were extracted from each scan to analyze age-related trabecular change. Dragonfly V4.1 was used to isolate cortical bone volumes of interest (VOIs) and three trabecular VOIs for each ROI; one each along the cutaneous cortex, the center of the medullary cavity, and the pleural cortex. Each trabecular VOI was analyzed for bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (TbTh), trabecular spacing (TbSp), connectivity density (Conn.D), and degree of anisotropy (DA), within and between the 50 and 75% ROIs. Overall, the cutaneous VOIs at both the 50% and 75% ROIs exhibited greater BV/TV, TbTh, and Conn.D when compared to the center and pleural VOIs. All results are consistent with expected biomechanical strain on human ribs. Both trabecular variables and cortical bone volume are only weakly associated with age. These results show that 3D analysis of trabecular bone volume does not improve visualization or understanding of trabecular bone changes with age over traditional 2D methods. Future research should incorporate female samples to explore sex-related trabecular change variation.

scholarly journals Mineralized bone loss at different sites in dialysis patients: implications for prevention.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1225-1233
Author(s):  
H C Schober ◽  
Z H Han ◽  
A J Foldes ◽  
M S Shih ◽  
D S Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Structural Abnormality ◽  
Patient Groups

To characterize the magnitude and location of mineralized bone loss, 40 patients (20 men, 20 women, 29 white, 11 black) with clinically significant renal osteodystrophy who could be unambiguously classified based on histologic criteria as having osteitis fibrosa (OF; 20 cases) or osteomalacia (OM; 20 cases) were studied; they had been on maintenance hemodialysis for 4.6 +/- 3.0 yr. One hundred forty-two healthy women of similar age and ethnic composition served as control subjects. In all subjects, the proportions of mineralized bone, osteoid, and porosity (nonbone soft tissue) were measured separately in cortical and cancellous bone tissue, from intact full-thickness biopsies of the ilium, representative of the axial skeleton. The results were related to the volumes of cortical and cancellous bone tissue separately and to the volume of the entire biopsy core. Approximately three-quarters of the patients had measurements in the appendicular skeleton by single photon absorptiometry of the radius and morphometry of the metacarpal. Disease effects did not differ significantly between ethnic groups. Mineralized cortical bone volume (per unit of core volume) was reduced by approximately 45% in both patient groups. Mineralized cancellous bone volume was significantly increased by 36% in the patients with OF and nonsignificantly reduced by 9% in the patients with OM; however, the reduction in the latter patients was significant in relation to tissue volume. The combined total deficit for both types of iliac bone was approximately 20% in the patients with OF and approximately 40% in the patients with OM. Significant reductions in appendicular cortical bone were demonstrated in both patient groups at both measurement sites. Regardless of the current histologic classification, the major structural abnormality in the skeleton is generalized thinning of cortical bone due to increased net endocortical resorption, the most characteristic effect on bone of hyperparathyroidism. Protection of the skeleton from the adverse consequences of renal failure will require therapeutic intervention in patients with no symptoms of either renal or bone disease.

Two-week longitudinal survey of bone architecture alteration in the hindlimb-unloaded rat model of bone loss: sex differences

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (3) ◽  
pp. E440-E447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin David ◽  
Marie-Hélène Lafage-Proust ◽  
Norbert Laroche ◽  
Alexandre Christian ◽  
Peter Ruegsegger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Hindlimb Unloading ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Age Related

The goal of this study was to determine, through a longitudinal follow-up, whether sex influences bone adaptation during simulated weightlessness. Twelve-week-old male and female Wistar rats were hindlimb unweighted for 2 wk, and the time course of bone alteration was monitored in vivo by means of densitometry and unbiased three-dimensional quantitative microcomputed tomography at 7 and 14 days. Compared with male rats, female rats had twice more cancellous bone volume at the proximal tibia at baseline, and this bone volume continued to increase, whereas in males it stabilized. Conversely, cortical area was greater in males than in females, and in both sexes cortical bone was still expanding. Hindlimb unloading resulted in larger reductions in males than in females in both cortical and cancellous compartments. In females, trabecular thickness and number decreased mildly, whereas in males trabecular number was dramatically reduced. In both sexes, the trabecular network became less connected and more rod-like shaped. Bone cellular activities evaluated by histomorphometry showed decreased bone formation rate in both sexes and increased resorption activity only in males. In conclusion, in female rats unloaded-related cancellous alterations reversed the growing process, whereas in males, which show lower growth process, it induced an accentuation of age-related cancellous bone changes for most of the parameters.

scholarly journals Differential Responses of Estrogen Target Tissues in Rats Including Bone to Clomiphene, Enclomiphene, and Zuclomiphene*

Endocrinology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 139 (9) ◽  
pp. 3712-3720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell T. Turner ◽  
Glenda L. Evans ◽  
James P. Sluka ◽  
M. D. Adrian ◽  
Henry U. Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Uterine Epithelial Cell ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract The substituted triphenylethylene antiestrogen clomiphene (CLO) prevents cancellous bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX’d) rats. However, CLO is a mixture of two stereoisomers, enclomiphene (ENC) and zuclomiphene (ZUC), which have distinctly different activities on reproductive tissues and tumor cells. The purpose of the present dose response study was to determine the effects of ENC and ZUC on nonreproductive estrogen target tissues. These studies were performed in 7-month-old female rats with moderate cancellous osteopenia that was established by ovariectomizing rats 1 month before initiating treatment. OVX resulted in increases in body weight, serum cholesterol, endocortical resorption, and indices of cancellous bone turnover, as well as decreases in uterine weight, uterine epithelial cell height, bone mineral density, bone strength, and cancellous bone area. Estrogen treatment for 3 months restored body weight, uterine histology, dynamic bone measurements, and osteoblast and osteoclast surfaces in OVX’d rats to the levels found in the age-matched sham-operated rats. In contrast, estrogen only partially restored cancellous bone volume and uterine weight, and it reduced serum cholesterol to subnormal values. CLO was a weak estrogen agonist on uterine measurements and a much more potent agonist on body weight, serum cholesterol, and dynamic bone measurements. CLO increased trabecular thickness in osteopenic rats and was the most effective treatment in improving cancellous bone volume and architecture. ZUC was a potent estrogen agonist on all tissues investigated and had dose-dependent effects. In contrast, ENC had dose-dependent effects on most measurements similar to CLO and decreased the uterotrophic effects of ZUC. It is concluded that ENC antagonizes the estrogenic effects of ZUC on the uterus but that the beneficial effects of CLO on nonreproductive tissues in OVX’d rats is conferred by both isomers. Furthermore, the combined actions of the two isomers on bone volume and architecture were more beneficial than either isomer given alone.

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