scholarly journals Changing perspectives of public health in India: the growing role of health economics

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Nutan Shashi Tigga ◽  
Vikash R. Keshri

Health economics is a sub-discipline of economics that has significant relevance to public health. The academic discipline of health economics has not evolved in India till now. Since India became independent country, the public health practice in India has revolved largely around public health systems; the private health system has functioned in parallel with negligible regulatory control by the government. The recent launch of a large health insurance program by the Indian government has opened the door of public resources for the private sector in health. It is envisaged that a substantial portion of public money will be diverted to the private sector with little regulation. This situation will potentially change the landscape of public health care delivery in the country.  With this change, the role of health economists is bound to increase, given the increased demand for economic evaluation. Ironically, there is a complete dearth of educational institutions offering specialised training in health economics in India. To fulfil this demand-supply gap, there is an urgent need to introduce the discipline of health economics at master’s level within existing university economics departments and schools of public health. Building on this foundation, academic research degrees in health economics can be evolved to fulfil future research gaps.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Rendi Editya Darmawan ◽  
Sudiro Sudiro

Introduction : Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder and chronic affecting 20 million people worldwide. Schizophrenia is characterized by impaired of language, sense of self and behaviour distortions in thinking, perception, and emotions. Some case include  delusions (fixed, false beliefs) and  hallucinations (hearing voices or seeing things that are not there).  Schizophrenia is treatable disease with  psychosocial support and medicines is effective. The role of public health service counselor is important to give  psychosocial support and medicines to patient. Aim of this studi to  describe efforts and constraints  public health care counselor  in the care of schizophrenic patients. Methods : A descriptive qualitative study with 4 informants from public health service counselor. Purposive sampling is used to selecting informants. Analize of data was carried out qualitatively. The triangulation of sources, methods, researchers, and theories is used to test validity. The study was conducted in January-November 2019, in Pilang Kenceng Village, Madiun Regency. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviewing using guide questions. Results : The results showed that there were 6 themes in answering research objectives are submission of training, optimizing the role of the community, early detection, providing treatment, counseling and constraints. Conclution : Efforts made by counselors have not been running optimally because of the synergy and communication with the community is not going well. Contraints in efforts in the care of schizophrenic patients is support from the government that is minimum.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Rahmi Yuningsih

Information and communication technology has had an impact on the food and drug online market. However, not all food and drugs in the online market have permits and other requirements that can threaten public health. Against something that is detrimental to society and requires protection from the government, it requires public policy to overcome. In the implementation, public policy requires the role of the bureaucracy, the private sector, and community groups. This paper examines efforts to protect public health against online markets of food and drug from the perspective of the roles of the government, the private sector, and the community. The research approach used is qualitative with a descriptive analysis method. The data collection technique was carried out by means of a literature study. The government has limited resources in monitoring online markets that do not recognize geographic boundaries. The private sector has a role in creating integrated programs that support policies and pay attention to consumer rights. The community also plays a role in increasing awareness and reporting to the marketplace and BPOM on illegal products. Several suggestions, among others, need to increase the socialization of regulations; making technical regulations and pharmaceutical service standards in the online market of drugs; improvement of communication, information, and education; increasing The National of Drug and Food Control resources and increasing the role of the marketplace in filtering every product sold. In addition, it will accelerate the discussion of the drug and food control draft which is included in the Prolegnas 2021. AbstrakKemajuan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi telah berdampak pada meningkatnya kegiatan jual beli obat dan makanan daring di tengah masyarakat. Pandemi Covid-19 mengubah cara masyarakat mendapatkan obat dari cara konvensional menjadi daring. Namun, tidak semua obat dan makanan yang diedarkan daring memiliki izin edar dan memenuhi persyaratan lainnya sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan sehingga dapat mengancam kesehatan masyarakat. Sementara itu, kebijakan pengawasan terhadap obat dan makanan yang diedarkan daring tersebar dalam berbagai peraturan perundangan. Dalam implementasinya, suatu kebijakan publik memerlukan peran dari pihak birokrasi (pemerintah), pihak swasta, dan kelompok masyarakat. Tulisan ini mengkaji upaya pelindungan kesehatan masyarakat terhadap peredaran obat dan makanan daring dari perspektif peran pemerintah, pihak swasta, dan masyarakat. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analisis. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara studi kepustakaan. Pemerintah memiliki sumber daya terbatas dalam mengawasi peredaran obat dan makanan daring yang tidak mengenal batas geografi. Pihak swasta berperan dalam membuat program terintegrasi yang mendukung kebijakan dan memperhatikan hak-hak konsumen. Masyarakat juga berperan dalam meningkatkan kewaspadaan dan melaporkan kepada pihak lokapasar maupun Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) terhadap produk ilegal. Saran perbaikan kebijakan, antara lain: perlu peningkatan sosialisasi peraturan; pembuatan peraturan teknis dan standar pelayanan kefarmasian dalam peredaran daring obat; peningkatan komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi; peningkatan sumber daya BPOM; dan peningkatan peran lokapasar dalam menyaring setiap produk yang dijual. Selain itu, mempercepat pembahasan RUU tentang Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan (RUU POM) yang masuk Prolegnas Prioritas 2021. RUU POM diharapkan menjadi payung hukum dalam pengawasan obat dan makanan termasuk peredaran daring.


Author(s):  
Pankaj Sharma ◽  
Ravi Parkash

The paper analyze the role of rural tourism for the development of rural areas, The study analyzed how the different types of tourist product diversifications influence the development possibilities of studied rural areas in India. The government should sponsor private Sector to promote tourism in rural areas. For upgrading the rural tourism government requires to understand the rural location, demography, socio-culture, financial and political background of that area. How we can involve the rural citizens to improve their socio-economic condition. The objective of this paper is to present an update on rural tourism expansion and development in India. Rural tourism is rising in terms of number of visitors and the government of India should focus on it as an engine of growth


Author(s):  
Disha Garg ◽  
Kartik Sharma ◽  
Parul Nayar ◽  
Shubhi Goyal ◽  
Shruti S Nagdeve

Purpose: With the conception of one’s professional life, it is essential to understand all the possibilities and opportunities that lie before them. In the case of architecture, there exists a bias towards the private sector where newly graduate students aspire to work in private practices and possibly even envision a practice of their own at a certain point in life. While there is nothing wrong with envisioning a future in the private sector, it is also essential to be aware about the public sector and understand the opportunities it provides to be able to make an informed decision. There is a preconceived notion about the monotonous nature of government jobs and a lack of awareness about students about the opportunities in this sector. Hence, it becomes crucial to understand the numerous opportunities this sector has to offer and thus, explore the potential of architects in government organizations. Methodology: The research for this paper has been done by referring to existing literature and interviews with concerned people. With an understanding of how and why is the government sector an essential  area of research for budding architects and planners. The research was done through interviews and possible case studies was done based on review of existing literature. Main Findings: The government is one sector with tremendous possibilities in the realm of architecture but is often plagued with stereotypes and preconceptions which have emerged over the years. It is imagined to be “lazy”, “uninnovative” and “non-productive” but this sector has evolved over the recent years and is now shaping to be one of the more lucrative sectors for practice. The number of perks, benefits and a clear comparative advantage of a higher salary, added with the direct contribution towards serving the nation, the government sector clearly has an unrealised potential for architectural professionals. Implications: With younger architetcs having preconceived notions about role of architetcs in a government sector limited to unexciting set of designs without creativity, this article may help bring a fresh thought process to choose professional sector wisely.


Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 313-316
Author(s):  
И.Г. Турсумбай ◽  
Л.К. Кошербаева

Одним из последствий осуществления медицинской деятельности в разнообразных хозяйственных формах является изменение экономического положения работников здравоохранения. От количества и качества их труда зависит экономический результат деятельности лечебно-профилактических учреждений (ЛПУ) в целом. В статье приводится сравнительный анализ занимающихся подготовкой экономистов в области здравоохранения по различным критериям. Подчеркивается необходимость непрерывного совершенствования подготовки управленческих кадров в области экономики здравоохранения в современных условиях развития общества. One of the consequences of the implementation of medical activities in various economic forms is a change in the economic situation of health care workers. The number and quality of their work depends on the economic result of the activities of medical and preventive institutions (LPU) as a whole. The article presents a comparative analysis of the health economists who are engaged in training according to various criteria. The necessity of continuous improvement of training of managerial personnel in the field of health economics in the modern conditions of society development is emphasized.


2010 ◽  
pp. 67-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Basten

Much research has been conducted in the field of utilising the media - television and radio in particular - to promote particular public health messages. However, a burgeoning canon has examined how mass media can play a role in affecting change in fertility preferences and outcomes. In this paper we review these researches which have primarily focussed upon higher fertility settings. The impact of mass media presentation of families and children in low fertility settings has not yet been subject to rigorous sociological investigation so its impact can not be accurately inferred. However, given the pervasive nature of mass media and celebrity culture, we suggest that this is an important avenue for future research. We conclude that television plays a multi-faceted role in shaping individuals decision-making procedures concerning both demographic events and public health interactions. To illustrate this, we present a model which demonstrates a sliding scale of intent - but not impact - of various genres in order to understand the actual role of the media in shaping attitudes towards family size - either explicitly in terms of edutainment or implicitly as a forms of normalization.


PCD Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Erickson D Calata ◽  
Reginald G. Ugaddan

There are frequent calls to enhance citizens' trust in government to pave the way towards a new paradigm of participatory governance and strong citizen support for government. In various realms, citizens may directly or indirectly engage with the government through various available mediums, even though, despite the availability of various policies and services provided by the government, citizens are generally passive and adamant in trusting the public sector. While many studies have explored a set of determinants that influence citizens' trust in government (i.e., central government, local government, parliament, and the legal system), few studies have ascertained the relationship and the role of social trust, happiness, governance, and political systems. These are critical factors that may influence trust in government. To address this gap, this study draws on the theoretical lens of social capital theory, proposing that cognitive social trust and citizen happiness—environment and performance—are the most likely predictors of citizen trust in government. This study assumes that citizens' perceptions of governance and political systems will moderate the effect of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Using data from the Asia Barometer Survey 2007, and focusing on data collected from the Philippines, this study tests a latent model employing the structural equation modelling technique. It finds that happiness negatively predicts trust in the central government and the legal system, while all other predictors do not have a significant effect. The findings also show that the political system moderates the impact of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Finally, this article points out its theoretical, empirical, and practical implications and provides directions for future research.


2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Van Aswegen ◽  
J. Patterson

Objective: A pilot study was conducted to determine the currentscope of practice of South African physiotherapists working in intensive care units in the government and the private sectors. These findings were compared to the findings from a European survey with regard to the role of the physiotherapist in European intensive care units.Methodology: Ninety questionnaires were distributed nationwide to secondary and tertiary government hospitals as well as to private practitioners involved in cardiopulmonary physiotherapy. The private practitioners included in this survey were listed in the Private Practitioners Association Official Members Directory. Junior and senior physiotherapists working in the intensive care units of their respective hospitals participated in completing the questionnaire. Comparisons between government and private sector data and between the South African survey and the European survey were carried out using the 2test for non-parametric data. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Fifty-four questionnaires were analyzed and represented 60% of questionnaires sent out. Respondents to the South African survey reported 28% percent of all ICUs had between 9 - 12 beds; 83% physiotherapists indicated the availability of an on-call service during the night and 96% physiotherapists had a weekend physiotherapy service. Ninety-two percent of physiotherapists working in the government sector supervised students compared to 44% of physiotherapists in the private sector. Between 9% and 27% of physiotherapists in government and private hospitalsactively participated in research in ICU. There were no statistically significant differences in the use of respiratory physiotherapy, mobilization and positioning between respondents to the European survey and those of the South African survey respectively.Conclusion: The response rate to this questionnaire was good. It was evident from this pilot survey that the scope of practice of physiotherapy in ICU didn’t differ significantly between the government and private sector in South Africa. The role of the intensive care physiotherapist in South Africa was similar to that of the European physiotherapist  working in ICU.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-253
Author(s):  
Nandini Jayakumar

Sanjeev Kelkar, India’s Public Health Care Delivery, Policies for Universal Health Care. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021, xix + 496 pp., Ä 93.08. ISBN: 9789813341791 (Hardback).


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