scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of different accessions of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and physico-chemical properties of soil of their growing region in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Distribution as well as adaptation of Cynodon dactylon to different ecological zones of Bangladesh is mainly dependant on weather and adaphic factors of their respective habitats. Generally, it is a warm season perennial grass species that initiates growth in the vernal season and its growth continues rapidly when moisture is adequate and they find the alkaline clay soil as their habitat. From that point of view, this study was aimed at analysing the morphological variations of Cynodon dactylon ecotypes along with determining the physicochemical properties of soils from their particular habitats. A total of 19 ecotypes /accessions from four different zones of Bangladesh were collected along with the habitat soil and all of them were transplanted in experimentation field of Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. All the accessions were established in 1.5 × 1.4 m plots separately. At maturity just after started flowering, the morphological data on 26 characters were recorded quantitatively and those were analysed statistically. Rhizomatous and stoloniferous nature was observed from randomly selected areas within the plot. Both significant and non-significant variations were found among the morphological characters. Most of the vegetative and reproductive characters were found to show significant variations among the accessions. In addition, the values obtained on physio-chemical properties of soil were tabulated and their magnitude were determined and interpreted following Fertilization Recommendation Guide. In respect of soil properties variation on morphological parameters of almost of all the accessions were observed. In this study, all the accessions were found to be adapted nicely in alkaline soil of the experimentation field and that might be due to their many physiological and biochemical mechanisms.

scholarly journals Modification of the summative equation to estimate daily total digestible nutrients for bermudagrass pasture

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Woli ◽  
Francis M Rouquette ◽  
Charles R Long ◽  
Luis O Tedeschi ◽  
Guillermo Scaglia
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
Daily Total

Abstract In forage-animal nutrition modeling, diet energy is estimated mainly from the forage total digestible nutrients (TDN). As digestibility trials are expensive, TDN is usually estimated using summative equations. Early summative equations assumed a fixed coefficient to compute digestible fiber using the lignin-to-neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratio. Subsequently, a structural coefficient (φ) was added to the summative equations to reflect an association between lignin and cell wall components. Additional modifications to the summative equations assumed a constant φ value, and they have been used as a standard method by many commercial laboratories and scientists. For feeds with nutritive values that do not change much over time, a constant φ value may suffice. However, for forages with nutritive values that keep changing during the grazing season owing to changes in weather and plant maturity, a constant φ value may add a systematic bias to prediction because it is associated with the variable lignin-to-NDF ratio. In this study, we developed a model to estimate φ as a function of the day of the year by using the daily TDN values of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], a popular warm-season perennial grass in the southern United States. The variable φ model was evaluated by using it in the TDN equation and comparing the estimated values with the observed ones obtained from several locations. Values of the various measures of fit used—the Willmott index (WI), the modeling efficiency (ME), R2, root mean square error (RMSE), and percent error (PE)—showed that using the variable φ vis-à-vis the constant φ improved the TDN equation significantly. The WI, ME, R2, RMSE, and PE values of 0.94, 0.80, 0.80, 2.5, and 4.7, respectively, indicated that the TDN equation with the variable φ model was able to mimic the observed values of TDN satisfactorily. Unlike the constant φ, the variable φ predicted more closely the forage nutritive value throughout the grazing season. The variable φ model may be useful to forage-beef modeling in accurately reflecting the impacts of plant maturity and weather on daily forage nutritive value and animal performance.

scholarly journals Biology and Control of Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) in Southern Forests

EDIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Joseph Minogue ◽  
Brent V. Brodbeck ◽  
James H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
And Control ◽  
Scale Control

Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) is a Southeast Asian warm-season perennial grass species that has spread to all continents except Antarctica. It is considered among the worst problematic weeds on a global scale. Control of cogongrass is difficult, especially in forests. This 6-page fact sheet written by Patrick J. Minogue, Brent V. Brodbeck, and James H. Miller and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation presents recommendations for control strategies that will work in mixed pine-hardwood forests and pine forests. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr411

Performance of some perennial grasses on severely salinised sites on the inland slopes of New South Wales

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Semple ◽  
I. A. Cole ◽  
T. B. Koen
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
New South ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Chloris Gayana

Thirty perennial grass accessions were evaluated for emergence, growth and persistence at 6 severely salinised seepage scalds on the western slopes of New South Wales. Warm-season accessions were sown or planted in spring 1996 and 1997, and cool-season types in autumn 1996 and 1997. Control species, tall wheat grass (Thinopyrum ponticum) and puccinellia (Puccinellia ciliata) were sown in spring and autumn. Plants were monitored over 2 growing seasons. None of the accessions, including the controls, performed well at all sites. Of the accessions established from seed, tall wheat grass was the most reliable in terms of the number of successful establishments but its growth potential was only achieved at a few sites. Some warm-season species (Panicum coloratum, Chloris gayana and Cynodon dactylon) approached their growth potential at some sites but overall rates of establishment were very low. The performance of puccinellia appeared to be adversely affected by low pH. It was concluded that on severely scalded sites, vegetative propagation of stoloniferous–rhizomatous plants, e.g. Pennisetum clandestinum, Paspalum vaginatum and C. gayana, may be the best option.

scholarly journals Comparative Analyses of Physiological Responses ofCynodon dactylonAccessions from Southwest China to Sulfur Dioxide Toxicity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xi Li ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Yiqiao Li ◽  
Lingxia Sun ◽  
Shizhen Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Treated Condition

Sulfur dioxide (SO2), a major air pollutant in developing countries, is highly toxic to plants. To achieve better air quality and landscape, planting appropriate grass species in severe SO2polluted areas is very critical.Cynodon dactylon, a widely used warm season turfgrass species, has good SO2-tolerant ability. In this study, we selected 9 out of 38C. dactylonaccessions from Southwest China as representatives of high, intermediate SO2-tolerant and SO2-sensitive accessions to comparatively analyze their physiological differences in leaves under SO2untreated and treated conditions. Our results revealed that SO2-tolerantC. dactylonaccessions showed higher soluble sugar, proline, and chlorophyll a contents under both SO2treated and untreated conditions; higher chlorophyll b and carotenoid under SO2treated condition; lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, oxidative damages, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities under SO2treated condition; and higher peroxidase (POD) activities under SO2untreated condition. Further results indicated that SO2-tolerantC. dactylonaccessions had higher sulfur contents under both SO2treated and untreated conditions, consistent with higher SO activities under both SO2treated and untreated conditions, and higher SiR activities under SO2treated condition. Taken together, our results indicated that SO2tolerance ofC. dactylonmight be largely related to soluble sugar, proline and chlorophyll a contents, and SO enzyme activity.

scholarly journals 144 The Effect of Water Stress on Growth of Several Warm-season Turfgrass Species

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 414D-414
Author(s):  
Edward W. Bush ◽  
James N. McCrimmon ◽  
Allen D. Owings
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Four warm-season grass species [common carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis Chase), common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.), St. Augustinegrass (Stenophrum secondatum Walt. Kuntze.), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.)] were established in containers filled with an Olivia silt loam soil for 12 weeks. Grasses were maintained weekly at 5 cm prior to the start of the experiment. Water stress treatments consisted of a control (field capacity), waterlogged, and flooded treatments. Waterlogging and flood treatments were imposed for a period of 90 days. The effects of water stress was dependent on grass species. Bermudagrass vegetative growth and turf quality were significantly reduced when flooded. Carpetgrass, St. Augustingrass, and zoysiagrass quality and vegetative growth were also reduced by flooding. St. Augustinegrass and zoysiagrass root dry weight was significantly decreased. Zoysiagrass plants did not survive 90 days of flooding. Leaf tissue analysis for common carpetgrass, common bermudagrass, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass indicated that plants subjected to waterlogging and flooding had significantly elevated Zn concentrations.

scholarly journals Organ-Specific Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Candidate Genes Involved in the Stem Specialization of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Chen ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Ziyan Ma ◽  
Jianxiu Liu ◽  
Bing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Organ Specific

As an important warm-season turfgrass and forage grass species with wide applications, bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) simultaneously has shoot, stolon and rhizome, three types of stems with different physiological functions. To better understand how the three types of stems differentiate and specialize, we generated an organ-specific transcriptome dataset of bermudagrass encompassing 114,169 unigenes, among which 100,878 and 65,901 could be assigned to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the Gene Ontology (GO) terms, respectively. Using the dataset, we comprehensively analyzed the gene expression of different organs, especially the shoot, stolon and rhizome. The results indicated that six organs of bermudagrass all contained more than 52,000 significantly expressed unigenes, however, only 3,028 unigenes were enrich-expressed in different organs. Paired comparison analyses further indicated that 11,762 unigenes were differentially expressed in the three types of stems. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that 39 KEGG pathways were enriched with the differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs). Specifically, 401 DEGs were involved in plant hormone signal transduction, whereas 1,978 DEGs were transcription factors involved in gene expression regulation. Furthermore, in agreement with the starch content and starch synthase assay results, DEGs encoding starch synthesis-related enzymes all showed the highest expression level in the rhizome. These results not only provided new insights into the specialization of stems in bermudagrass but also made solid foundation for future gene functional studies in this important grass species and other stoloniferous/rhizomatous plants.

Shoot morphology and alkaloid content of Epichloë endophyte–Festuca sinensis associations

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Pei ◽  
Kuang Yu ◽  
Lin Weihu ◽  
Wang Jianjun ◽  
Nan Zhibiao
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

The Chinese native cool-season perennial grass species Festuca sinensis Keng ex E.B.Alexeev exhibits frequent asymptomatic infections with an asexual Epichloë fungal endophyte. Six Festuca sinensis ecotypes were collected in different geographical locations. Endophyte-positive (E+) plants and corresponding endophyte-free (E–) plants of these six ecotypes were identified and then measured for shoot morphological characteristics including plant height, tiller number and biomass. Significant difference due to different host ecotype was observed in both E+ and E– plants. However, significant difference due to endophyte was observed in only one or two ecotypes. Concentration of endophyte-derived alkaloids and semi-quantitative endophyte colonisation in E+ plants were also evaluated. All E+ plants produced both lolitrem B and peramine alkaloids, and significant variation in alkaloid concentration due to host ecotype or endophyte genotype was observed. Analysis of semi-quantitative endophyte colonisation by using qPCR revealed significant differences between ecotypes. This suggested that host ecotype had large impacts whereas the endophyte had only a minor effect. The results showed that endophyte, host ecotype and their complex interaction affected performance of Festuca sinensis ecotypes.

Hymenachne acutigluma (Steud.) Gilliland in GBS 20:314 - An exceptionally important perennial grass for anatomy and indigenous practice.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4958
Author(s):  
Dulal De
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Stem Anatomy

Hymenachne acutigluma (Steud.) Gilliland, a robust rhizomatous perennial grass spreads on moist and swampy land and also floating in water. Being a grass species, they do not have any cambium for secondary growth. A peculiarity in stem anatomy especially the spongy pith of secondary tissues found in absence of the cambium. The origin and development of the parenchymatous pith tissues has been investigated in the present study. Economically this spongy pith is of very much potent for its high absorbing and filtering capacity and also used as a good fodder.

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