scholarly journals The acute and post-activation potentiation effects of the SPEEDMAKER™ on step-by step kinematics, muscle activation and performance in 30-m sprints

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
Hågen Fjørkenstad Dybdal ◽  
Roland Van Den Tillaar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Soccer Player ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
And Performance

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of using the SpeedMaker™ on step-by-step kinematics and muscle activity in 30-m sprints and if it is possible to elicit a post-activation potentiation stimulus with the SpeedMaker™ upon subsequent 30-m sprint performance. Thirteen male soccer players (age: 22.8±1.8 yr, body mass: 75.1±11.9 kg, height: 1.80±0.08 m) participated in a repeated measure and cross-over design consisting of two conditions: three normal 30-m sprints (control) and two normal 30-m sprints divided by one 30-m sprint with the SpeedMaker™ (intervention). Kinematics were measured for each step together with the peak muscle activity of the hamstrings, quadriceps and gluteus during each stride of each 30-m sprint. The main findings were that sprinting with the SpeedMaker™ increased sprint times by 1.7% compared to normal 30-m sprints. However, no occurrence of a postactivation potentiation (PAP) response was found when performing a 30-m sprint with the SpeedMaker™ prior to a normal 30-m sprint in male soccer players. Furthermore, no detectable differences in step-by-step analysis on kinematics and muscle activity were found between the sprints with and without the SpeedMaker™. Only hamstrings and gluteus activity increased per stride over 30-m. It was concluded that the SpeedMaker™ did influence sprint times, but only in a small way that kinematics and muscle activity did not change detectable. Furthermore, that the SpeedMaker™ did not elicit a PAP effect. In addition, increased hamstring and gluteus maximus activation during the 30-m sprints suggests that these muscles are very important for acceleration, and that it is likely that acute hamstring strains occur when a soccer player is close to maximal velocity, as hamstring activation is maximal at that point.

scholarly journals Is the Occurrence of the Sticking Region in Maximum Smith Machine Squats the Result of Diminishing Potentiation and Co-Contraction of the Prime Movers among Recreationally Resistance Trained Males?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1366
Author(s):  
Roland van den Tillaar ◽  
Eirik Lindset Kristiansen ◽  
Stian Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Force Output ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Height Data

This study compared the kinetics, barbell, and joint kinematics and muscle activation patterns between a one-repetition maximum (1-RM) Smith machine squat and isometric squats performed at 10 different heights from the lowest barbell height. The aim was to investigate if force output is lowest in the sticking region, indicating that this is a poor biomechanical region. Twelve resistance trained males (age: 22 ± 5 years, mass: 83.5 ± 39 kg, height: 1.81 ± 0.20 m) were tested. A repeated two-way analysis of variance showed that Force output decreased in the sticking region for the 1-RM trial, while for the isometric trials, force output was lowest between 0–15 cm from the lowest barbell height, data that support the sticking region is a poor biomechanical region. Almost all muscles showed higher activity at 1-RM compared with isometric attempts (p < 0.05). The quadriceps activity decreased, and the gluteus maximus and shank muscle activity increased with increasing height (p ≤ 0.024). Moreover, the vastus muscles decreased only for the 1-RM trial while remaining stable at the same positions in the isometric trials (p = 0.04), indicating that potentiation occurs. Our findings suggest that a co-contraction between the hip and knee extensors, together with potentiation from the vastus muscles during ascent, creates a poor biomechanical region for force output, and thereby the sticking region among recreationally resistance trained males during 1-RM Smith machine squats.

The Effects of Taping on Muscle Activity and Throwing Velocity in Fatigued Baseball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Kara-Lyn R. Harrison ◽  
Paolo Sanzo ◽  
Carlos Zerpa ◽  
Taryn Klarner
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Kinesio Tape ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Performance

Due to the repetitive high forces and torques placed on an individual during a baseball pitch, shoulder pain is present in 46-57% of pitchers. Therapeutic taping has been proposed to have beneficial qualities in injury prevention, rehabilitation, and performance enhancement via muscular facilitation. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of taping on the velocity of an overhead baseball throw and muscle activation patterning of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and pectoralis major muscles in baseball players after muscle fatigue was induced. Participants were asked to complete three pre-test maximum velocity overhead throws, a fatiguing protocol, followed by three post-test maximum velocity pitches. There was no statistically significant difference in throwing velocity or muscle activity with the application of the different taping conditions in the three phases of an overhead baseball throw. These finding suggest Kinesio Tape® does not change muscle activation or velocity of overhead baseball throws when compared to a no tape condition.

THE USE OF ELECTROMYOGRAM IN FOOTBALL SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

sportlogia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-66
Author(s):  
Borko Katanić ◽  
◽  
Predrag Ilić ◽  
Aleksandar Stojmenović ◽  
Mima Stanković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Joint Group

The aim of this systematic review was to indicate and discuss the use of electromyogram in football. For the literature review, following electronic databases were used: Google School, PubMed, Medline and Mendeley for the period from 2005. to 2019. 20 papers were selected for this systematic review based on the established criteria. These studies focused the most on researching the following muscles: m.musculus quadriceps, m.biceps femoris, m.gastrocnemius, m.tibalis anterior and m. gluteus maximus. The review has determined quite a heterogenic choice of topics when it comes to the use of the electromyogram (herein after referred to as: EMG) in football, so the obtained results were grouped based on the similar characteristics. Therefore, the results were categorized according to the following topics: acute effects of the specific football activity, impact of the football strength training, training of kicking on the ball, results based on the difference in sexes, while the rest of the results were sorted in the joint group. Summarizing of the obtained results provides the insight in the multiple possibility for use of EMG in football in order to develop high quality analysis of the neuro-muscle activation of a certain muscle regions of the football players.

Comparison of Hip- and Back-Muscle Activity and Pelvic Compensation in Healthy Subjects During 3 Different Prone Table Hip-Extension Exercises

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-cheol Jeon ◽  
Oh-yun Kwon ◽  
Jong-hyuck Weon ◽  
Ui-jae Hwang ◽  
Sung-hoon Jung
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hip Extension

Context:Prone hip extension has been recommended for strengthening the back and hip muscles. Previous studies have investigated prone hip extension conducted with subjects on the floor in the prone position. However, no study has compared 3 different table hip-extension (THE) positions in terms of the activities of the back- and hip-joint muscles with lumbopelvic motion.Objective:To identify more effective exercises for strengthening the gluteus maximus (GM) by comparing 3 different exercises (THE alone, THE with the abdominal drawing-in maneuver [THEA], and THEA with chair support under the knee [THEAC]) based on electromyographic muscle activity and pelvic compensation.Design:Repeated-measure within-subject intervention.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:16 healthy men.Main Outcome Measures:Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to obtain data on the GM, erector spinae (ES), multifidus, biceps femoris (BF), and semitendinosus (ST). Pelvic compensation was monitored using an electromagnetic motion-tracking device. Exertion during each exercise was recorded. Any significant difference in electromyographic muscle activity and pelvic motion among the 3 conditions (THE vs THEA vs THEAC) was assessed using a 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoc test.Results:The muscle activities recorded by EMG differed significantly among the 3 exercises (P < .01). GM activity was increased significantly during THEAC (P < .01). There was a significant difference in lumbopelvic kinematics in terms of anterior tilting (F = 19.49, P < .01) and rotation (F= 27.38, P < .01) among the 3 exercises.Conclusions:The THEAC exercise was the most effective for strengthening the GM without overactivity of the ES, BF, and ST muscles and lumbopelvic compensation compared with THE and THEA.

scholarly journals Muscle activation in pelvic anteversion and retroversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibiana Melher Pereira ◽  
Marcelo Peduzzi de Castro ◽  
Cristiano Gomes Sanchotene ◽  
Caroline Ruschel ◽  
Gilmar Moraes Santos
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Muscle Coordination ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Neuromuscular Activity ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Pelvic Muscles

Abstract Introduction: The inability to maintain good pelvic stability has been attributed to inefficient muscle coordination and deconditioning of the stabilizing muscles. Despite this, little is known about the role of the pelvic muscles in anteversion and retroversion movements. Objective: To compare the neuromuscular activity of the tensor fascia lata, gluteus medius, upper and lower portions of the gluteus maximus, and multifidus in pelvic anteversion and retroversion. Methods: The neuromuscular activity of 17 healthy young adults (aged 25.3 ± 4.6 years) was assessed during five repetitions of the pelvic anteversion and retroversion movements. The Vicon-Nexus system (10 cameras) was used for the kinematic analysis of the pelvis in the sagittal plane (anteversion and retroversion), and the TeleMyo DTS Desk Receiver electromyograph and the Myomuscle v. 3.8 software to measure neuromuscular activity. The paired samples t-test was used to compare muscle activity between pelvic anteversion and retroversion movements using the Statistica v.8 software with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The comparison of the movements showed greater muscle activity in the inferior gluteus maximus in retroversion and greater activity in the multifidus in pelvic anteversion. The upper portion of the gluteus maximus showed relevant activation in both movements. Conclusion: There was more pronounced activity of the lower portion of the gluteus maximus in retroversion, while the upper gluteus maximus showed relevant activation level in both movements. The multifidi were more active in retroversion.

scholarly journals Knee Angle Affects Posterior Chain Muscle Activation During an Isometric Test Used in Soccer Players

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul James Read ◽  
Anthony Nicholas Turner ◽  
Richard Clarke ◽  
Samuel Applebee ◽  
Jonathan Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Knee Angle

Background: It has been suggested that altering the knee flexion angle during a commonly used supine isometric strength test developed with professional soccer players changes preferential hamstring muscle recruitment. The aim of this study was to examine the electromyography (EMG) knee joint-angle relationship during this test, as these data are currently unknown. Methods: Ten recreational male soccer athletes (age: 28 ± 2.4 years) were recruited and performed a supine isometric strength test on their dominant leg with the knee placed at two pre-selected flexion angles (30° and 90°). The surface EMG of the gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and medial gastrocnemius was measured, in addition to the within-session reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV)). Results: Within-session reliability showed large variation dependent upon the test position and muscle measured (CV% = 8.8–36.1) Absolute mean EMG activity and percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) indicated different magnitudes of activation between the two test positions; however, significant mean differences were present for the biceps femoris only with greater activation recorded at the 30° knee angle (% MVIC: 31 ± 9 vs. 22 ± 7; p = 0.002). These differences (30% mean difference) were greater than the observed typical measurement error (CV% = 13.1–14.3 for the 90° and 30° test positions, respectively). Furthermore, the percentage MVIC showed a trend of heightened activation of all muscles with the knee positioned at 30°, but there was also more within-subject variation, and this was more pronounced for the gluteus maximus (CV% = 36.1 vs. 19.8) and medial gastrocnemius (CV% 31 vs. 22.6). Conclusions: These results indicate that biceps femoris and overall posterior chain muscle activation is increased with the knee positioned at 30° of flexion; however, the 90° angle displayed less variation in performance within individual participants, especially in the gluteus maximus and medial gastrocnemius. Thus, practitioners using this test to assess hamstring muscle strength should ensure appropriate familiarisation is afforded, and then may wish to prioritise the 30° knee position.

scholarly journals Relationship of Performance Measures and Muscle Activity between a 180° Change of Direction Task and Different Countermovement Jumps

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hallvard Nygaard Falch ◽  
Håvard Guldteig Rædergård ◽  
Roland Van den Tillaar
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adductor Longus

The ability to rapidly perform change of direction (COD) is crucial for performance in Soccer. COD speed is thought to share similarities with countermovement jumps in kinematics and muscle activation. Thus, the objective of the current study was to investigate the relationship between muscle activities in performance measures of a modified 505-agility test and different countermovement jumps. Twenty-one experienced soccer players performed a COD test including the 505-agility test and uni- and bi-lateral horizontal and vertical countermovement jumps. The main findings were that the vertical bilateral and horizontal unilateral countermovement jump were able to predict total time to complete the COD, but not 505-agility time. Muscle activity in the COD and countermovement jumps was only distinguished by a higher peak muscle activity for the adductor longus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris in the COD to stabilize the hip and decelerate knee joint movements when turning compared with the jumps. Conclusively, the relationship between performance in countermovement jumps and total time to complete the COD test was due to longer sprint distances, which makes the distinction between performances bigger. Peak muscle activity of most muscles is similar between the jumps and the COD step, indicating similar muscular demands between these activities.

Hip- and Trunk-Muscle Activation Patterns During Perturbed Gait

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. Stanek ◽  
Todd A. McLoda ◽  
Val J. Csiszer ◽  
A.J. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Unexpected Perturbation

Context:Selected muscles in the kinetic chain may help explain the body’s ability to avert injury during unexpected perturbation.Objective:To determine the activation of the ipsilateral rectus femoris (RF), gluteus maximus (MA), gluteus medius (ME), and contralateral external obliques (EO) during normal and perturbed gait.Design:Single-factor, repeated measures.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:32 physically active, college-age subjects.Intervention:Subjects walked a total of 20 trials the length of a 6.1-m custom runway capable of releasing either side into 30° of unexpected inversion. During 5 trials, the platform released into inversion.Main Outcome Measures:Average, peak, and time to peak EMG were analyzed across the 4 muscles, and comparisons were made between the walking trials and perturbed trials.Results:Significantly higher average and peak muscle activity were noted for the perturbed condition for RF, MA, and EO. Time to peak muscle activity was faster during the perturbed condition for the EO.Conclusion:Rapid contractions of selected postural muscles in the kinetic chain help explain the body’s reaction to unexpected perturbation.

The Effects of a Somatic Intervention Strategy on Competitive State Anxiety and Performance in Semiprofessional Soccer Players

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian W. Maynard ◽  
Brian Hemmings ◽  
Lawrence Warwick-Evans
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
Intervention Technique ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
And Performance

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a somatic intervention technique. Subjects (N = 17) completed a modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory 2 (CSAI-2), which assessed both intensity and direction (debilitative-facilitative) of state anxiety within one hour of a soccer league match. During the match, player performances were evaluated using intraindividual criteria. Subjects were then allocated to control (n = 8) and experimental (n = 9) groups on the basis of their somatic anxiety intensity and direction scores. Following an 8-week intervention, subjects were again assessed during a second soccer match. A series of twoway analyses of variance with one repeated measure revealed significant interactions for cognitive anxiety intensity, somatic anxiety intensity, and somatic anxiety direction. This study provided further support for the “matching hypotheses” in that a compatible treatment proved most effective in reducing the targeted anxiety.

scholarly journals Muscle activation during single leg squat is affected by position of the nonstance limb

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Khuu ◽  
Kari L. Loverro ◽  
Cara L. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Knee Kinetics ◽  
Hip Muscles ◽  
Single Leg Squat ◽  
Ascent Phase

ABSTRACT Context: The single leg squat (SLS) is appropriate for targeting activation, strengthening, and/or neuromuscular retraining of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and quadriceps. However, the effect of different non-stance leg positions on muscle activity has not been fully evaluated. Objective: To compare the muscle activity of selected stance leg hip muscles during the SLS with 3 non-stance leg positions: in front, in the middle, and in back. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: Seventeen healthy adults. Main Outcome Measure(s): Surface EMG data of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, lateral hamstrings, medial hamstrings, rectus femoris, and TFL as well as kinetic data of the hip and knee were collected while participants performed the 3 SLS tasks. Mean muscle activation levels during the descent phase and ascent phase for the selected hip muscles were compared for the 3 tasks. Hip and knee kinetics in all 3 planes were also compared for the 3 tasks. Each variable of interest was analyzed using a separate linear regression model with a generalized estimating equations correction. Results: Muscle activation levels of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, medial hamstrings, rectus femoris, and TFL on the stance leg during descent, and the medial hamstrings and TFL during ascent were significantly different between SLS tasks. The greatest number of differences occurred between SLS-Front and SLS-Back. During descent, gluteal muscle activity was greater in SLS-Front and SLS-Middle than in SLS-Back. For both phases, TFL activity was greater during SLS-Front than both SLS-Middle and SLS-Back. Kinetic differences at the hip and knee between SLS tasks were also observed. Conclusion: The 3 SLS tasks have different muscle activation and kinetic profiles. Clinician and researchers can vary non-stance leg position during the SLS to manipulate muscle activation levels and tailor the exercise to assist with goals at different stages of rehabilitation.

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