scholarly journals Finiitverbide kõrvutikasutus laste ja lastele suunatud kõnes ehk Söö söö söö suu tühjaks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Reili Argus
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
First Language ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Children's Speech ◽  
Directive Speech ◽  
Observation Period

Artiklis kirjeldatakse lapse ja tema vanema suulise argisuhtluse direktiivsetes lausungites kasutatavaid verbi finiitvormide kõrvutikasutusi ning selgitatakse nende rolli nii eesti suulise direktiivse argisuhtluse kui ka keeleomandamise perspektiivist. Verbi finiitvormi kõrvutikasutused on lapsele suunatud kõnes sagedased ja täiskasvanu kõne iga viies direktiivne lausung sisaldab rohkem kui kaht finiitverbi kõrvuti. Samas ei ole aga verbi kõrvutikasutused sagedased laste kõnes, kust võib leida vaid mõned üksikud näited. Vanema kõne verbi kõrvutikasutuste sageduse poolest vaatlusperioodi vältel ei muutu. Verbi finiitvormi kõrvutikasutused on analüüsis jagatud esmalt kaheks – sama ja eri verbi kõrvuti esinemised; eri verbi kõrvuti kasutused omakorda kolmeks: esimese verbina liikumisverbi sisaldavateks ehk tüüpilisteks seriaalkonstruktsioonideks, esimese verbina partiklilaadset verbivormi sisaldavateks ning sidesõnaga ühendatud verbi kõrvutikasutusteks. Kõige enam kasutasid vanemad seriaalkonstruktsioone ja partiklilaadsete verbivormidega algavaid verbi kõrvuti kasutusi, vähem leidus sama verbi korduseid. Lastele suunatud kõne verbi kõrvuti kasutustel on mõned täiskasva nutele suunatud kõnest erinevad jooned, kõige enam on selliseid erijooni partikli laadsete verbivormidega kõrvutikasutustel. Suhtluses on sellistel ühenditel käsu intensiivistamise roll, selle kõrval ka koostöö algatamise, lapse tegevuse pidurdamise, ergutamise, aga ka tegevuse muutmise roll. Abstract. Reili Argus: The co-occurrences of verb finite forms used by children and their caregivers. The article describes the co-occurrences of verb finite forms used by children and their caregivers in directive speech acts of spontaneous everyday speech. The role of co-occurrences of verbs have been described from the perspective of Estonian everyday directive communication and from the perspective of first language acquisition. The co-occurrences of finite verbs are frequent in child directed speech and almost every fifth directive utterance consists of co-occurrence of verb finite forms. These kinds of co-occurrences are not characteristic to children’s speech and only a couple of examples can be found from their data. The frequency of verb co-occurrences does not change during the observation period, so, the clear fine-tuning effect of the child directed speech was not observed in the analyzed data. All instances of verb co-occurrences have been divided into two sub-classes – the repetitions of the same lemma and co-occurrences of different lemmas, last sub-class consists of constructions where the first verb denotes movement, that is typical serial constructions; constructions where the first verb was a particlelike verb form; and constructions with conjunctions. The most frequent type of verb co-occurrences in child directed speech were typical serial constructions and constructions where the first constituent was particle-like verb form, repetitions of same lemma were not so frequent. The co-occurrences of verb finite forms used in child directed speech had some features which are not characteristic to adult directed speech, such different features were registered mostly in constructions with particle-like verb forms. In adult-child interaction, verb co-occurrences have mostly been used for intensifying the command, but also for initiating cooperation, stopping, stimulating, and modifying the child’s activities.

scholarly journals Directive Speech Acts: a Cross-Cultural Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1 (8)) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Astghik Chubaryan ◽  
Lilit Sargsyan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
The Given ◽  
Directive Speech

Linguistic communication is one of the underlying ways of human interaction. Every day we carry out numerous speech acts trying to interpret others’ speech acts in an attempt to find out whether they suggest, advise, warn or threaten something. Things get more complicated when we deal with people representing other cultures. Particularly in the 21st century when we witness and participate in expansion of intercultural relations in the process of globalization, the role of intercultural pragmatics gets more important. Thus, our investigation is another attempt to compare directive speech acts in the context of the norms of Anglo-Saxon and Armenian cultures. The results of our research give us a chance to claim that the differences of the aforementioned speech acts in Armenian and English are conditioned by different attitudes towards the cultural values rooted deep in the given linguoculture.

scholarly journals Tindak Tutur dalam Upacara Etnis Tionghoa Peranakan

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Marissa Leviani Sugiarto ◽  
Deli Nirmala
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Main Sequence ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Wedding Ceremony ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas tindak tutur Pandita dan kedua mempelai dalam pernikahan etnis Tionghoa Peranakan di Klenteng Kebon Jeruk, Semarang. Dalam pengumpulan data, peneliti melakukan perekaman dan observasi partisipan dalam pernikahan di Klenteng Kebon Jeruk, Semarang. Dari analisis ditemukan bahwa semua tindak tutur ada dalam peristiwa komunikasi pernikahan ini. Walau Pandita dan kedua mempelai memiliki kapasitas berbicara yang sangat berbeda. Urutan tindak tutur partisipan utama yang terbanyak yaitu Pandita, mempelai pria dan mempelai wanita. Pandita berperan dominan  dilihat dari kuantitas tindak tutur. Peran Pandita dalam upacara sebagai pengendali terlihat jelas dari jumlah tindak tutur direktif yang muncul. Makna dari tindak tutur tersebut menginstruksi kedua mempelai untuk mengikuti apa yang dikatakan Pandita. Mempelai pria dan wanita memiliki porsi bicara yang sama dan terbatasi terlihat dari jumlah tindak tutur mereka. Upacara pernikahan etnis Tionghoa peranakan mengakomodasi Pandita untuk mengambil kendali penuh atas pernikahan etnis tersebut dan sekaligus mengontrol tindak tutur mempelai. Kedua mempelai menggunakan tindak tutur komisif berjanji untuk hidup dengan rukun dan menaati ajaran Budha dalam pernikahan dan asertif yang memaknai respons tindak tutur direktif Pandita.Kata kunci: Penutur, tuturan, pernikahan,tindak tutur ilokusiABSTRACTThis study discusses the speech acts of a priest and the bride and groom in a Chinese ethnic marriage at Kebon Jeruk Temple, Semarang. In collecting data, researchers conducted the recording and observation of participants in marriage at the Kebon Jeruk Temple, Semarang. From the analysis, the researchers find that all speech acts existed in this marriage communication event, although the priest and the bride and groom have a very different speaking capacity. The main sequence of speech acts of the main participants was the priest, bridegroom, and bride. Priest plays a dominant role in terms of the number of speech acts. The role of the priest in the ceremony as a controller is evident from the number of directive speech acts that arise. The bride and groom have the same portion of speech and are limited in their number of speech acts. The Chinese descents’ wedding ceremony accommodates the priest to take full control of the ethnic marriage and at the same time, control the speech acts of the bride and groom. The bride and groom use commissive and assertive speech acts, which are responses to the priest's directive speech acts.Keywords: speaker, utterance, marriage, speech act, illocution

The acquisition of early verbs in French: Assessing the role of conversation and of child-directed speech

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 287-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edy Veneziano ◽  
Christophe Parisse
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
First Language ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Single Form ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

This article examines the production of early verbs by two children acquiring French as their first language. The study focuses on the developmental period during which verbs are produced in one form only. Child-directed speech (CDS) and conversational contingencies (CC) occurring around these verbal forms were analysed up to the moment when some verbs are produced in two different forms. Results show that children’s use of a single form per verb can also be found in CDS by adults where the majority of verbs are used in one morphophonological form only. Moreover, the particular form children use for a given verb corresponds to the one adults predominantly use in CDS. At the same time, child-produced verb forms are reinforced in the CC occurring in adult—child exchanges. When trying to separate the role of CCs from that of more general CDS, for both children the study found that for about half of the verbal forms CDS and CC provide the same congruent information. Of the remaining verb types, three-quarters are explained by CC, while fewer then 15 percent are explained by CDS, indicating that CCs are a stronger source of influence than general input. These findings underline the close relationships between patterns of language acquisition, conversational exchanges and CDS. The data suggest a construction process based on specific characteristics of the language children hear, what they can produce and, importantly, the temporally close reinforcing relations between these two that are forged in conversational interactions.

scholarly journals TINDAK TUTUR NEGOSIASI DALAM BERMAIN PERAN SISWA SMK DAN PEMANFAATANNYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SEKOLAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Rosdiana Merianti Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

AbstrakLanguage is one of the means of communication, through human language can interact (communicate) share experiences, learn from each other, and enhance intellectual abilities. In communication. The form of research used by researchers is qualitative, why? Because this research deals with qualitative characteristics. So the reason researchers chose qualitative forms were as follows (1) data collected in the original or natural conditions (2) Based on observations and interviews, (3) the data obtained from this study were in the form of words, pictures, and not numbers, (4) scientific setting, avoiding realities as provisions that cannot be separated from the context, Based on the results of data analysis, the final conclusions can be drawn about the speech acts proposed by Searle with the speech acts of negotiation in the role of class X AK 1 of Immanuel II Vocational High School II are (1) representative speech acts in the role of class X AK 1 student of SMK K Immanuel II act to inform something, show, explain, state, and express opinions, (2) directive speech acts in the role of students of class X AK 1 SMK K Immanuel II act for Requestives, Questions (questions), Requirements (Prohibitives) ( prohibit)`

The deictic nature of the directives in Biblical Hebrew

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-775
Author(s):  
Galia Hatav
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Reference Time ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Speech Time ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech

Biblical Hebrew has three specific verb forms for performing directive speech-acts such as commands and requests. Hebraists (e.g., Bendavid 1967) observe that two other forms are also used for this purpose, in addition to other uses.  In Hatav (1997), I show that those two forms are general modals, which may be used for any kind of modality, including directives.  Complying with Grice’s (1975) cooperative rule, I argue in this paper, a biblical character would prefer the specific forms to perform directives. However, I show that the specific forms are deictic in nature, and can be used only when the speech-time functions as the reference-time of the utterance. In case of another reference-time, the speaker must resort to the general modals.

scholarly journals Development of directives in child language: A case study of Czech

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavla Chejnová
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
First Language ◽  
Grammatical Competence ◽  
Grammatical Development ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Directive Speech

AbstractIn this article, the longitudinal development of directives in first-language acquisition is described, and examples of the development of directive speech acts in one Czech child from the ages of 2.8 to 4.1 are included. The results show that the child acquires communicative strategies gradually and that he usually prefers one concrete strategy initially, which is later replaced by a new strategy corresponding with the acquisition of morphological categories. The child’s grammatical development is divided into two stages: the stage of protomorphology, when the child acquires basic morphological categories, and the stage of morphology proper / modular morphology, when the child uses a variety of grammatical means. In the stage of morphology proper, pragmatic factors become more influential as the child is no longer limited by a lack of grammatical competence.

Directive Speech Act Seen on Family 2.0 Drama Script Written by Walter Wykes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Jovita Putri
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Declarative Sentence ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech

<p>The research entitled Directive Speech Act Seen on Family 2.0 Drama Script Written by Walter Wykes purposes to describe and uncover the types of form and intended meaning of directive speech act on that drama script. This descriptive research uses pragmatic approach and theory. The collecting and analysing data are focused on the using of declarative, imperative, and interrogative sentences in the text of drama. The forms of those sentences will be analysed to find out the types of form of directive speech act, while the context of those sentences will be used to analyze the intended meaning of directive speech act uttered by speakers. The results of the research are found that, first, there are two types of the form of directive speech acts, direct directive speech acts and indirect directive speech acts. Direct directive speech acts are represented by imperative sentence without subject; imperative sentence with let; and negative imperative sentence. Meanwhile the indirect directive speech acts are represented by declarative sentence statement; declarative sentence if clause; negative declarative sentences; and interrogative sentences. Second, the intended meanings seen on drama script of Family 2.0 are command, prohibition, request, treat, and persuasion. It can be concluded that, the most frequent intended meaning appeared in directive speech acts on this script is command by the use of imperative forms. Then, the declarative and interrogative forms are used to request something by adults charaters; in contrast the kids characters use them to command and prohibit the hearer.<strong></strong></p><strong>Keywords: </strong> family 2.0, pragmatic, speech act, directive, form and intended meaning

SPEECH ACTS IN BARACK OBAMA SPEECH’S IN ANNOUNCING THE DEATH OF OSAMA BIN LADEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Atiya Mahmud Hana
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
White House ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Primary Data Source ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Osama Bin Laden ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech

  This study aims to observe and describe the use of speech acts by Barack Obama when he announced the death of Osama bin Laden. The writer focuses on illocutionary acts used by Barack Obama. The primary data source is the transcript of Barack Obama’s speech at White House on May 1st, 2011 after the death of Osama bin Laden. The types of illocutionary acts are observed by the writer according to Searle’s Taxonomy of Illocutionary Act. They are representatives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declarations. The result of the study shows that representatives are frequetnly used by Obama in his speech. Representatives are used in 54 utterances (74%); Commissives are used in 11 utterances (15%); Expressives are used in 7 utterances (11%). Barack Obama used none both directive speech acts and declaration speech acts. Representatives are frequently used in Barack Obama speech because the purpose of the speech is to announce the death of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan. The evidence is that most utterances in the transcipt use statements, descriptions, and reports.   

scholarly journals Directive Speech Acts in English and Spanish Filmspeak

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-125
Author(s):  
Carlos de Pablos-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Spanish Film ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Film Scripts ◽  
Directive Speech ◽  
Local Grammar

AbstractThe main aim of the study is to ascertain contrastively, in English and Spanish, how directive speech acts are represented in film discourse. For the purpose of the investigation, the directive speech acts of 24 films, 12 in English and 12 in Spanish, were extracted and analysed. A classification taxonomy, inspired by previous research, was created in order to categorize the different types of directive speech acts and determine their level of (in)directness. The results show that indirectness is more widely represented in the English than in the Spanish film scripts, thus confirming the assertion that being indirect is a distinctive feature of English native speakers (Grundy, 2008). This research makes a valuable contribution to the exploration of speech acts in filmspeak and informs the existing local grammar descriptions of the linguistic patterns of directive speech acts.

scholarly journals KEKERASAN VERBAL DALAM FILM KARTUN KIKO(VERBAL VIOLENCE IN THE KIKO CARTOON FILM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Ika Anggraeni Ratna Sari
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Verbal Violence ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Video Player ◽  
Directive Speech

Verbal Violence in the Kiko Cartoon Film. This research aims to describe theverbal violence in the forms of the directive, and expressive speech acts in the Kikocartoon. This was qualititative research. The data were the words or sentencesused in the Kiko cartoon. The data source of research was the cartoon film of Kiko.Data were collected using the note-taking technique. The research instrument usedwere laptop and data cards. Laptop and data cards are used as a video player andas a tool to listen and understand the utterances in the Kiko cartoon. Furthermore,the data collected were analyzed based on verbal violence in the forms of thedirective, and expressive speech acts. The additional instrument was the data cardsby which the researcher collected data on the types off speech acts and groupedthem according to the directive and expressive speech acts and grouped themaccording to the directive and expressive speech acts. The results of the researchindicated that 117 speech acts including 33 types of rebuked violence, 55 types ofharassment, two types of accusations, 20 types of coercion, and seven types ofintimidation. b) 56 directive speech acts consisting of 29 commandment speechacts, 2 threat, seven rejection seepch acts, 13 opposing speech acts, five denialspeech acts. c) 61 expressive speech acts consisting of 11 speech acts forexpressing displeasure, 17 speech acts for criticizing, 15 speech acts for swearing,15 speech acts for insulting, and there speech acts for exspressing satire.Key words:verbal violence, Kiko cartoon film

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