Forecast of Radiation Risks of the Population in the Contaminated 137Cs Territories of Russia, in Accordance with Current ICRP Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
A. Menyajlo ◽  
V. Kashcheev ◽  
E. Pryakhin ◽  
M. Maksyutov ◽  
K. Tumanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Individual

Purpose: Calculations of radiation detriment to the population currently living (in 2020) in the territories of Russia contaminated with 137Cs after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Material and methods: Radiation detriment was calculated in two ways: according to the original ICRP method, and approximate calculation as the product of the nominal risk factor of RSS-99/2009 by the effective dose (nominal radiation detriment). For ICRP calculations, equivalent doses were estimated using the dose coefficients of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The number of the studied population at the beginning of 2020 was 142676 people, 65205 men and 77471 women. This is mainly the population of the Bryansk region and Tula region, 85.5 % and 10 % of the total population, respectively. The average accumulated effective dose of the population was 30.6 mSv, and the maximum individual accumulated dose was 707 mSv. Results: In 2020, for men at the age of 44 and for women at the age of 55, the nominal radiation detriment is approximately equal to the value of radiation detriment calculated using the ICRP method. At the same time, the nominal detriment is significantly (up to 2.3 times) underestimated for younger and overestimated for older ages. In 2020, the critical population groups with the highest accumulated doses and maximum radiation detriment are men aged 34 and women aged 35. For these population groups, the average accumulated effective doses were 35.3 mSv and 39.2 mSv, and the average radiation detriment was 2.6×10–3 and 4.2×10–3, for men and women, respectively. For 11.8 % of the population (8.3 % of men and 14.8 % of women), the individual radiation detriment calculated using the ICRP method exceeds the value of 3.5×10–3, which corresponds to the maximum increase in individual risk for the population over 70 years of exposure, established by RSS-99/2009 for normal exposure conditions. The maximum radiation detriment of 3.9×10–2 was found for a woman of the Krasnogorsky district of the Bryansk region at the age of 37 years, with an accumulated effective dose of 392 mSv. Conclusion: The results of this work can be used in preparing recommendations to health authorities on improving medical supervision of exposured citizens living in areas contaminated with radionuclides, as well as in developing regulatory documents for the provision of targeted medical care to people from high radiation risk groups using personalized medicine methods.

Predictors of Acute Myocardial Infarction Development in Personnel of Radiation Dangerous Plants. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Yu. Semenova ◽  
A. Karpov ◽  
T. Takhauova ◽  
D. Kalinkin ◽  
A. Takhauov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Medical Radiology ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Siberian Group

Purpose: To examine the predictors of acute myocardial infarction development and to evaluate the relationship of the radiation component (external γ-radiation) with the probability of developing acute myocardial infarction in workers of radiation-dangerous plants working age (under 60 for men, 55 for women), by the example of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises personnel. Material and methods: The work is based on the results of a prospective population study (1998–2013). The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was verified in 540 people of working age (34 women and 506 men). For each case selected control (n = 1,080) among the employees of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises, passed periodic medical examination in the study period. Every person was described by means of 46 variables including characteristics of social status, a number of risk factors, associated diseases, biochemical indices including the level of general cholesterol, the main clinical data, cumulative dose of external radiation and the amount of 239Pu content in an organism. Results: It was determined that in the group of the personnel of working age the most important traditional predictors of acute myocardial infarction, less important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease are conditions of the individual accumulation of a dose, but not the magnitude of the total external doses in the evaluation range. Conclusion: To improve the system of preventive measures aimed at reducing the level of morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction, it is recommended to form risk groups taking into account the most significant predictors of this disease (age, systolic blood pressure, smoking). For the personnel of radiation dangerous plants working age insignificant conditions for the formation of radiation dose (age of first exposure, the rate of accumulation of radiation dose, duration of exposure) under conditions of trouble-free operation of the equipment. Active measures for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and targeted correction of detected somatic disorders for the prevention of acute vascular catastrophes are expedient for workers of radiation hazardous industries from 40 to 60 years with an individual risk of acute myocardial infarction less than 50 % using the model described below.

Importance of Hip-Spine Syndrome in Hip Arthroplasty: Influence on the Outcome and Therapeutic Consequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Severin Langer ◽  
Maximilian Stephan ◽  
Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe
Keyword(s):  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Therapeutic Consequences ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Individual

AbstractCorrect interaction between the spine, pelvis, and hip is an essential condition for successful progress after total hip replacement. Spinal pathologies, such as degeneration, fractures, and spinopelvic imbalance with and without lumbar fusions, are closely associated with an increased risk of impingement or even dislocation of the prosthesis. To significantly reduce this risk, various parameters are required to quantify the risk groups. Knowledge on the presence of stiffness of the spine (change in pelvic tilt between standing and sitting at < 10°) and sagittal spinal deformity (pelvic incidence–lumbar lordosis mismatch > 10° or 20°) is essential in identifying patients with corresponding risk. The individual risk profile can be assessed through a specific history and examination. Before total hip arthroplasty, a routine preoperative workup is recommended for high-risk patients: using information from standardised preoperative radiographs while sitting and standing (pelvis, anteroposterior view, lying and standing; spine and pelvis, lateral view, standing and sitting). Important changes can be made during the surgery. If the spine is stiff, attention should be paid to the position of the cup, with increased anteversion, sufficient offset, and larger head that is secure to dislocation – to reduce the risk of dislocation. In the case of a sagittal spinal deformity, the functional coronary pelvic level must be carefully controlled so that it is better to use double mobility cups. Digital systems, such as navigation and robotics, can optimise component positioning although, so far, there is little evidence that the complication rate decreased. Therefore, further studies are warranted.

Evaluation of Toyserkan City's Water Contamination, due to The Existence of Radon, and Estimation of The Annual Effective Dose

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Samadi
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Decay Product ◽  
Decay Chain ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Decay Products ◽  
Free Air ◽  
The Us

The gas of 222Rn is one of the natural radioactivesources which is the decay product of 226Ra from 238U decay chain. Based on the latest information presented bythe United Nations Scientific committee in the field of the effects of atomic radiations, the respiration of Radon and its daughters (Plutonium, Bismuth and Lead), are one of the most important factors in human radiation inhalation, since Radon and its daughters account for approximately 1.2 msv of the total of 2.4 msv (mili Sievert) annual effective dose of natural radioactive sources produced. The fluctuation in the levels of Radon resolved in water, due to the hazards caused by the emitted radiations, is considerable; because studies show that long-term exposure to Radon increases the chances of lung cancer. The amount of radon in underground waters is more than that of surface waters. If water is exposed to free air, especially when it’s mixed as well, a considerable amount of its radon content is released. In this paper, Radon concentration (Bq/L) in waters of the wells and springs located in Toyserkan, is measured using Lucas chamber technique by means of a light weighted and transportable machine namely PRASSI (SFLENAmod5s). The results showed that the radon density in four measured samples in the waters of this region exceed 10 Bq/L, the allowable amount determined by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). For the cases where the concentration is high, is it proposed that drinkable water be preserved in open pools or at least waterfalls be used in order to agitate the water to release itsradon content. It is better to install a system for settling and exposing the water to air so that Radon and its decay products are dispersed and the contamination problem is solved.

Patterns of Neuroticism, Work-Family Stress, and Resources as Determinants of Personal Distress

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus A. Schneewind ◽  
Melanie Kupsch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Groups ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
Discordant Couple ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Work Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Risk Pattern

Abstract. Based on a sample of 632 German-speaking dual-earner couples from three European countries (Austria, Germany, and Switzerland) with at least one child aged 1 to 5 years, three different clusters representing specific risk patterns of low vs. high levels in (1) personality (neuroticism), (2) work- and family-related stress, and (3) personal and social resources were identified and related to the level of personal distress expressed by the corresponding female and male risk groups. At the individual level, the results showed marked differences in personal distress depending on which risk pattern the persons belong to. Moreover, compensatory effects that reduce the impact of high neuroticism on personal distress were found. Gender differences in personal distress were significant, albeit relatively small, for all three risk groups. At the couple level, when analyzing different within-couple constellations of risk patterns showed that concordant within-couple risk patterns corroborate both partners' gender-specific levels of personal distress whereas in discordant-couple constellations, with one partner belonging to a high and the other to a low individual risk pattern, no buffering partner-effects were found. Differential intervention strategies for reducing the level of personal distress are suggested.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF CURRENT LABORATORY METHODS IN CONDUCTING BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF LEAD EXPOSURE TO THE WORKERS OF A LEAD RECYCLING PLANT

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
L.P. Kuzmina ◽  
A.G. Khotuleva ◽  
L.M. Bezrukavnikova ◽  
N.S. Sorkina ◽  
E.S. Tsidilkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Monitoring ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Hemochromatosis Gene ◽  
Lead Recycling ◽  
The Individual

To assess the informative value of the expansion of the laboratory tests complex in conducting biological monitoring of lead exposure to the organism, in workers of a lead recycling plant there were determined iron and ferritin levels for the analysis of the association of iron metabolism disorders with chronic exposure to lead, polymorphisms of the hemochromatosis gene as a risk factor for increased lead absorption, erythrocytes and reticulocytes parameters for the detection of early signs of toxic effects of lead on erythropoiesis. There was determined an importance of an estimation of an iron metabolism in workers exposed to lead for detecting risk groups of conditions connected with an iron overload. To assess the early signs of the toxic effect of lead on erythropoiesis, it is informative not only to determine the amount of reticulocytes, but also to estimate the ratio of reticulocyte fractions. The determination of the polymorphism of the hemochromatosis gene can be used to assess the individual risk of developing lead poisoning.

scholarly journals Multi-detector computed tomography in traumatic abdominal lesions: value and radiation control

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Maher Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed Borg ◽  
Abd El-Aal Saleem ◽  
Amira Ragab
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Pancreatic Injury ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Abdominal Lesions

Abstract Background, The context A prospective study was conducted involving 81 patients (mean age, 20.79 years) with abdominal trauma who underwent ultrasonography and post-contrast CT on MDCT scanner. The total DLP for each patient was reviewed, and the effective dose was calculated. Purpose of the study to: explore the role of MDCT in assessing traumatic abdominal lesions, demonstrate radiation dose delivered by MDCT, and describe specific CT technical features to minimize radiation. Results The spleen was the most commonly injured organ (49.4%) followed by liver (39.5%) and kidney (24.7%). Pancreatic injury occurred in seven patients, whereas only two patients had intestinal injuries. One patient had adrenal injury. Minimal, mild and moderate free intra-peritoneal fluid collection was detected in 21 (25.9%), 47 (58%) and 10 (12.3%) patients, respectively. Only three (3.7%) patients had no collection. One patient had active uncontrolled bleeding and died. Radiation dose was below the detrimental level (calculated effective dose), with optimal image quality. Conclusions MDCT is sensitive to all types of traumatic abdominal lesions. Not only in determining the injury, but also in its grading. MDCT has affected the treatment directions, spotting a focus on conservative treatment by raising the diagnostic confidence. FAST cannot be the sole imaging modality. The individual radiation risk is small but real. Advancements in medical imaging reduce radiation risk.

Neue amerikanische Leitlinien zur Hypertonie: neue Konsequenzen für uns?

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 907-911
Author(s):  
Bastian Schrader ◽  
Stephan Lüders ◽  
Michael Koziolek ◽  
Hermann Haller ◽  
Joachim Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Diagnosis Of Hypertension ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractFollowing the publication of the new US guidelines, especially the new classifications of hypertension and the general reduction in treatment targets were discussed worldwide. Applying the US guidelines to a recent German cohort study would in practice lead to a significant increase in the diagnosis of “hypertension” in untreated patients. The number of under-adjusted patients would also increase sharply, increasing more than those predicted in the US Guidelines. Affected by an intensified antihypertensive therapy would be particularly elderly patients, in which adverse drug reactions but also occur more frequently. It seems doubtful whether the massive increase in the diagnosis “hypertension” can improve the supply situation: the opposite effect of avoiding therapists and patients could occur. Determining the individual risk with suitable, evaluated instruments certainly makes sense to treat more targeted patients. More important than new blood pressure limits is a more accurate classification of blood pressure. Repeated self-measurements and ambulatory blood pressure measurement lead to a better selection of patients benefiting from a therapy.

The increase of job insecurity: Trajectories and risk groups in the US and Europe

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Korunka ◽  
Bettina Kubicek ◽  
Matea Paskvan ◽  
Roman Prem ◽  
Cornelia Gerdenitsch
Keyword(s):  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Us

The importance and significance of gene polymorphisms in preeclampsia

2016 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
P.N. Veropotvelyan ◽  
◽  
I.S. Tsehmistrenko ◽  
N.P. Veropotvelyan ◽  
N.S. Rusak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Extended Study ◽  
Stress Genes ◽  
Detoxification System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Was to conduct a systematic review of data on the relationship between polymorphisms genes of detoxification system and development of preeclampsia (РЕ). Рresents the main genes of detoxification system (GSTPI, GSTМI, GSTТI, GРХI, ЕРНХI, SOD-2, SOD-3, CYPIAL, MTHЕR, MTR) and their functions. Of interest is the possibility of calculating the individual risk of PE based on the results about the presence of a combination of different polymorphisms in the genotype of the female. Question about early diagnosis of РЕ remains controversial and not fully understood. It is necessary to conduct further in-depth, extended study of this problem. Key words: preeclampsia, oxidative stress, genes of the detoxification system.

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