Multidimensional Space and Visual Geometry in the Curriculum Geometric Preparation for Undergraduate

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Соколова ◽  
L. Sokolova

Reviewed and shown the ability to embed concepts of the multidimensional space in modern curricula for geometric preparation for an undergraduate degree. Multidimensional geometry allows the actual material to abandon the introduction in consideration of the evidence of mathematical calculations and formulas, and use it to achieve the final results. Given that historically multidimensional geometry was based on a compilation of material three-dimensional geometry, today you can go from the General to the particular, that is, to approach three-dimensional space as a visual component. You can raise the question about how the proposed curriculum organically combine Многомерная геометрия в наглядном изложении позволяет при изучении фактического материала отказаться от введения в рассмотрение доказательств математических выкладок и формул и использовать ее достижения в виде окончательных результатов. Учитывая, что исторически многомерная геометрия строилась на основе обобщения материалов трех- мерной геометрии, сегодня можно пойти по пути от общего к частному, т.е. подойти к рассмотрению трех- мерного пространства как наглядной составляющей, позволяющей увидеть одно-, двух-, трехмерный объект из общего ряда многомерного пространства [1; 3–6]. Таким образом, вопрос можно поставить о том, как в рамках предлагаемой учебной программы ор- ганически соединить наглядную многомерную гео- метрию с теми разделами геометрии, которые тра- диционно представляют теоретический интерес при геометрической подготовке конструкторских кадров во втузах, причем в условиях использования совре- менных компьютерных средств. Отметим, что в такой постановке вопроса предлагаемая учебная програм- ма отвечает требованиям современного инноваци- онного образования. Далее будет рассмотрено, как с позиций нового подхода могут быть изложены некоторые традици- онные для геометрии разделы на конкретных при- мерах. Любая из рассматриваемых тем может быть пред- ставлена как практическая работа при лабораторных занятиях на компьютере, что позволит наглядно закрепить изучаемый материал. Прежде всего геометрический объект будем рас- сматривать как совокупность геометрического тела и его поверхности (рис. 1) и изучать по 3D-моделям, построенным в модельном пространстве компьютера. Напомним, что одной из основных характеристик пространства является его размерность n. Пространство, в котором введены декартовы координаты (х1, …, xn), называется n-мерным декартовым пространством и обозначается Rn. Если в содержащем (вмещающем) пространстве Rn содержатся, например, два линейных подпро- visual multidimensional geometry with those parts of geometry, which traditionally are of theoretical interest in geometric training design staff in higher technical educational institutions, especially in terms of using modern computer tools. Considered the intersection of geometric objects in the plane in three-dimensional, four-dimensional and five-dimensional space. Presents the construction of intersection of the line with the surface of a three-dimensional object in three-dimensional Prospace and four-dimensional space. The concept of multidimensional space contains a large scientific potential required for geometric preparation of future designersky frames. Graduates will not only gain professional competence, but also be able to participate in solving various applied for cottages in neighboring disciplines.

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang

<p>Today, with urban function system increasingly complicated, there exist problems which are seriously hindering urban sustainable development in most cities such as traffic jams, constructive destruction, building space separation with traffic space, poor urban space resource utilization and so on. So the article makes a number of integration methods of urban building space and transportation space from the perspective of urban morphology integration. It tries to integrate urban environment with techniques of multidimensional space interludes, cascading, infiltration between building space and traffic space in three-dimensional space coordinates, to achieve the objectives   of proper division, solving traffic congestion problems and the establishment of a new dynamic three-dimensional transport system.</p>


1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1321-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Atick ◽  
Paul A. Griffin ◽  
A. Norman Redlich

The human visual system is proficient in perceiving three-dimensional shape from the shading patterns in a two-dimensional image. How it does this is not well understood and continues to be a question of fundamental and practical interest. In this paper we present a new quantitative approach to shape-from-shading that may provide some answers. We suggest that the brain, through evolution or prior experience, has discovered that objects can be classified into lower-dimensional object-classes as to their shape. Extraction of shape from shading is then equivalent to the much simpler problem of parameter estimation in a low-dimensional space. We carry out this proposal for an important class of three-dimensional (3D) objects: human heads. From an ensemble of several hundred laser-scanned 3D heads, we use principal component analysis to derive a low-dimensional parameterization of head shape space. An algorithm for solving shape-from-shading using this representation is presented. It works well even on real images where it is able to recover the 3D surface for a given person, maintaining facial detail and identity, from a single 2D image of his face. This algorithm has applications in face recognition and animation.


2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang

<p>Today, with urban function system increasingly complicated, there exist problems which are seriously hindering urban sustainable development in most cities such as traffic jams, constructive destruction, building space separation with traffic space, poor urban space resource utilization and so on. So the article makes a number of integration methods of urban building space and transportation space from the perspective of urban morphology integration. It tries to integrate urban environment with techniques of multidimensional space interludes, cascading, infiltration between building space and traffic space in three-dimensional space coordinates, to achieve the objectives   of proper division, solving traffic congestion problems and the establishment of a new dynamic three-dimensional transport system.</p>


Author(s):  
Igor A. Urusovskii

Because there is additional space in which the observed three-dimensional Universe expands, it is believed that elementary particles move at the speed of light in full space in a vicinity of a hyper-surface of three-dimensional sphere that is our Universe. Any interpretation of a spin and isotopic spin of electron requires at least three additional spatial dimensions. As applied to six-dimensional space, the simplest interpretation of the Heisenberg’s uncertainties relation, de Broglie waves, Klein-Gordon equation, electron proper magnetic moment, CPT-symmetry, spin, and isotopic spin is consistent with the results of the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. Taking into account the movement of elementary particle (at the speed of light) along a helical line of Compton radius, when the axis of the helix is placed on that hyper-surface, we find a trajectory of the particle.


2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Matsumaru ◽  
◽  
Asyifa Imanda Septiana ◽  
Kazuki Horiuchi

In this paper, we introduce the three-dimensional aerial image interface, 3DAII. This interface reconstructs and aerially projects a three-dimensional object image, which can be simultaneously observed from various viewpoints or by multiple users with the naked eye. A pyramid reflector is used to reconstruct the object image, and a pair of parabolic mirrors is used to aerially project the image. A user can directly manipulate the three-dimensional object image by superimposing a user’s hand-finger or a rod on the image. A motion capture sensor detects the user’s hand-finger that manipulates the projected image, and the system immediately exhibits some reaction such as deformation, displacement, and discoloration of the object image, including sound effects. A performance test is executed to confirm the functions of 3DAII. The execution time of the end-tip positioning of a robotic arm has been compared among four operating devices: touchscreen, gamepad, joystick, and 3DAII. The results exhibit the advantages of 3DAII; we can directly instruct the movement direction and movement speed of the end-tip of the robotic arm, using the three-dimensional Euclidean vector outputs of 3DAII in which we can intuitively make the end-tip of the robotic arm move in three-dimensional space. Therefore, 3DAII would be one important alternative to an intuitive spatial user interface, e.g., an operation device of aerial robots, a center console of automobiles, and a 3D modelling system. A survey has been conducted to evaluate comfort and fatigue based on ISO/TS 9241-411 and ease of learning and satisfaction based on the USE questionnaire. We have identified several challenges related to visibility, workspace, and sensory feedback to users that we would like to address in the future.


Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Vorzobova ◽  
Pavel Sokolov

The possibility of the application of acrylate compositions and Bayfol HX photopolymers in holographic technologies is considered. The holographic characteristics of materials, their advantages, and limitations in relation to the tasks of obtaining holographic elements based on periodic structures are given. The conditions for obtaining controlled two and multichannel diffraction beam splitters are determined with advantages in terms of the simplicity of the fabrication process. The diffraction and selective properties of volume and hybrid periodic structures by radiation incidence in a wide range of angles in three-dimensional space are investigated, and new properties are identified that are of interest for the development of elements of holographic solar concentrators with advantages in the material used and the range of incidence angles. A new application of polymer materials in a new method of holographic 3D printing for polymer objects with arbitrary shape fabrication based on the projection of a holographic image of the object into the volume of photopolymerizable material is proposed, the advantage of which, relative to additive 3D printing technologies, is the elimination of the sequential synthesis of a three-dimensional object. The factors determining the requirements for the material, fabrication conditions, and properties of three-dimensional objects are identified and investigated.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л. Жихарев ◽  
L. Zhikharev

Reflection from a certain mirror is one of the main types of transformations in geometry. On a plane a mirror represents a straight line. When reflecting, we obtain an object, each point of which is symmetric with respect to this straight line. In this paper have been considered examples of reflection from a circle – a general case of a straight line, if the latter is defined through a circle of infinite radius. While analyzing a simple reflection and generalization of this process to the cases of such curvature of the mirror, an interesting phenomenon was found – an increase in the reflection dimension by one, that is, under reflection of a one-dimensional object from the circle, a two-dimensional curve is obtained. Thus, under reflection of a point from the circle was obtained the family of Pascal's snails. The main cases, related to reflection from a circular mirror the simplest two-dimensional objects – a segment and a circle at their various arrangement, were also considered. In these examples, the reflections are two-dimensional objects – areas of bizarre shape, bounded by sections of curves – Pascal snails. The most interesting is the reflection of two-dimensional objects on a plane, because the reflection is too informative to fit in the appropriate space. To represent the models of obtained reflections, it was proposed to move into three-dimensional space, and also developed a general algorithm allowing obtain the object reflection from the curved mirror in the space of any dimension. Threedimensional models of the reflections obtained by this algorithm have been presented. This paper reveals the prospects for further research related to transition to three-dimensional space and reflection of objects from a spherical surface (possibility to obtain four-dimensional and five-dimensional reflections), as well as studies of reflections from geometric curves in the plane, and more complex surfaces in space.


2017 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Vitaliy S. Borovik ◽  
Vitaliy V. Borovik ◽  
Dmitry A. Skorobogatchenko

It was achieved a visual representation of information about the crystallization process in the multidimensional space, which creates prerequisites for the development of software systems to solve a wide class of problems. With the geometric interpretation Minkowski space-time, quasi-Lorentz and Einstein's concept concerning the concept of giving time physical sense, simulated the process of formation of crystals in the four-dimensional space. The 4D model space combines the physical three-dimensional space of the factors affecting the formation of crystals, and time. Visualization of the crystallization process in spacetime plays an important role, as having great cognitive and probative value, and contributes to a better understanding of crystallization processes, creates conditions to control the properties of materials in the process of crystallization.


Author(s):  
Elena Lesnova ◽  
Denis Voloshinov

In descriptive geometry, the problem of finding a surface curve section with a plane is common. One such surface curve is a quadric. Due to the increased demand for tasks related to quadric, the synthetic modeling method becomes relevant. In recent years, geometric constructions of dimensions of more than three began to be studied more and more often. Multidimensional geometric shapes in multidimensional space are typically constructed using geometric modeling software. However, without additional building automation tools, software does not sufficiently facilitate human labor. The larger the dimension of the constructions, the more cumbersome and time consuming the drawing process becomes. The increasing complexity of constructions requires automation of constructions that can be traditimatized. Geometric constructions made using automation tools make us rethink the process of structural geometric modeling in descriptive geometry. Within the framework of the article, the algorithm for crossing the N-dimensional hyperquadric with N-1-dimensional hyperspace is presented. Special cases of this geometric construction are also considered: intersection of a three- dimensional quadric with a plane and intersection of a four-dimensional hyperquadric with a three-dimensional space. The implementation of the developed algorithm is carried out using the Simplex system and the built-in interpreter of the prolog logical programming language.


Author(s):  
Elrnar Zeitler

Considering any finite three-dimensional object, a “projection” is here defined as a two-dimensional representation of the object's mass per unit area on a plane normal to a given projection axis, here taken as they-axis. Since the object can be seen as being built from parallel, thin slices, the relation between object structure and its projection can be reduced by one dimension. It is assumed that an electron microscope equipped with a tilting stage records the projectionWhere the object has a spatial density distribution p(r,ϕ) within a limiting radius taken to be unity, and the stage is tilted by an angle 9 with respect to the x-axis of the recording plane.


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