Models of spring wheat variety, adapted to the forest-steppe zone of the Urals of Orenburg

10.12737/1363 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Мухитов ◽  
Lenar Mukhitov ◽  
Самуилов ◽  
Feofan Samuilov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety ◽  
Selection Of

On the basis of summarizing the results of many years experience on environmental study varieties and breeding numbers of spring wheat, we can base models of early maturing, middle maturing and mid-season varieties for the forest-steppe zone of Orenburg region. The identified dependence of grain yield on the productivity elements, morphological and structural features, the assimilation apparatus parameters, biological and physiological characteristics reliably described by the equations of regression. Such kind of varities, as Varyag, D-1847/97, Omskaa 20, Prokhorovka, Samsar, Saratovskaya 42 and Solveig were high adaptive capacities in this area. It is well to combine the best parameters of efficiency elements of main spike in favorable years: Kinelskaya 59, Lyuba, Moskovskaya 35, Orenburgskaya 13, Prokhorovka, Saratovskaya 55 and Enita; in dry years: Logachevka, Saratovskaya 42, Solveig and D-1847/97. The optimal parameters of the assimilation apparatus were observed in the following varities: Volgouralskaya, Varyag, Kinelskaya 59, Logachevka, Lyuba, Prokhorovka, Solveig, Tulaykovskaya 1, steppe Tulaykovskaya and Enita. The use of hybrid models in the selection of breeding material and varieties, selected as parent forms to better address selection on efficiency and sustainability in the forest of the Southern Urals.

dependence of productivity of wheat of different biological groups on parameters of the assimilatory device of plants in the forest-steppe of the Orenburg Cis-Urals

10.12737/2220 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Мухитов ◽  
Lenar Mukhitov ◽  
Самуилов ◽  
Feofan Samuilov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Hybrid Forms

On the basis of summarizing the results of many years of experience about environmental study of varieties and breeding varieties of spring wheat, we revealed the peculiarities of influence of plants’ assimilation apparatus parameters on the productivity level of early ripening, middle- and late ripening varieties in the forest-steppe zone of Orenburg Urals. These varieties should be used to create hybrid forms of spring wheat with optimal parameters of photosynthetic surface. This will better in solution the selection issues on efficiency in the forest of the Southern Urals. As a result, during the study of the influence of the size of the surface to the grain photosynthetic productivity level of wheat varieties, we found that in this case with an increase in the parameters of the assimilation apparatus, there is an increase of yields up to a certain limit, then a further increase in the size of the photosynthetic surface leads to lower yields. This pattern is clearly related to the fact that the overgrowing foliage due to worsening conditions for leaf photosynthetic activity, the rate of photosynthesis decreases. The following studied varieties of spring wheat have optimal parameters of the photosynthetic index: Volgouralskaya, Varyag, Kinelskaya 59, Logachevka, Lyuba, Prokhorovka, Solveig, Tulaykovskaya 1, Tulaykovskaya stepnaya and Enita. These varieties should be used to create hybrid forms of spring wheat with optimal parameters of the assimilation apparatus.

Naturally spreading and natural apple dwarfs in the forest-steppe zone of the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
O. E. Merezhko ◽  
M. A. Mazunin ◽  
E. Z. Savin ◽  
A. I. Gridnev
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Early Maturity

The article presents tests of natural creeping apple trees and natural dwarfs, carried out in the in the conditions of the Orenburg region. There were from 50 to 100 trees in the experiment in each variant. Vigorous standard plantations were used as control. The aim of the research was to test natural creeping apple trees, natural dwarfs against the background of standard varieties bred in the South Urals (Chelyabinsk), as well as to determine their prospects for intensive horticulture in the extreme conditions of the region. The preservation of plantings for all variants of the experiment for 20 years of research is high and amounted to 92-99 %, their condition was estimated at 4.5-5.0 points. The highest yield was noted for natural dwarfs (457.2 c/ha), the smallest yield was obtained on vigorous standard plantings (control) – 238.7 c/ha. Naturally creeping apple trees in terms of productivity were higher than control by an average of 25 %. Of the naturally creeping varieties, the most productive were the varieties Podsnezhnik (348.3 c/ha), Chudnoe (335.2 c/ha), the least productive were the varieties Plastun and Kovrovoe (255.1 and 262.5 c/ha, respectively). On the natural dwarfs, the most productive variety was the variety Brat Chudnogo (461.2 c/ha). In the control, the most productive varieties were the varieties Symbol (295.9 c/ha) and Nadezhda (270.5 c/ha), less productive were the varieties Pamyat Zhavoronkova and Fevralskoe (208.0 and 224.1 c/ha, respectively). Low-growing plantations, in particular layer and natural varieties of the Urals, are distinguished by their early maturity and, in general, higher productivity per unit area. The highest labor costs are accounted for by natural dwarfs (485.4 person-day/ha) and the lowest in vigorous plantings (317.4 person-day/ha). This has a positive eff ect on the profit and rentability of production.

Influence of glauconite on potato productivity under conditions of insufficient moisturization of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Glaz ◽  
◽  
A.K. Gorbunov
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

Research 2019-2020 in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Chelyabinsk region showed that the effect of glauconite on the yield and seed productivity of potatoes largely depends on the variety. The effect of glauconite (in doses from 10 to 40 t / ha) on the yield of tubers was proportional to the duration of the growing season of the varieties. The highest yield gains from glauconite were observed in the mid-ripening variety Tarasov – 4.05–4.62 t/ha, then in the medium-early variety Nevsky – 3.26–3.63 t/ha, and the smallest – were in the early variety Rosara – 1.95–2.26 t/ha. Whereas the effect of glauconite on the seed productivity of varieties had the opposite pattern: the greatest increase was observed in early-maturing varieties (Rozara – 1.30–1.56 times, Nevsky – 1.30–1.61 times), and the smallest – in the mid-season variety Tarasov (1.17–1.25 times).

The size of under-ear interstice and productivity of spring soft wheat varieties of different ecological groups in the forest-steppe of Orenburg region

10.12737/6546 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Мухитов ◽  
Lenar Mukhitov ◽  
Самуилов ◽  
Feofan Samuilov
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
The Impact

The impact of contrasting conditions of water availability on the size of the upper internodes in wheat varieties was studied under the conditions of the Orenburg steppe zone. It was noted, that less drought-resistant varieties formed a short upper internodes. We conducted a mathematical analysis of the relationship of productivity and length of ear-carrying internodes of spring soft wheat varieties of different ecological groups. It was established, that we can observe a gradual increase of grain productivity with increasing the length of the upper internodes in the studied range. As a result, the following varities were selected for inclusion into the hybridization: Logachevka, Tulaykovskaya steppe, Tulaykovskaya 1, Tulaykovskaya Belozernaya, Prokhorovka and Uchitel. They have the optimal settings for the presented feature. Using the selected varieties as parental forms can enhance the efficiency of wheat breeding programs for resistance to drought in the forest-steppe zone of the Southern Urals.

scholarly journals Study and conservation of Iris aphylla L. during introduction in the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
L. F. Beksheneva ◽  
A. A. Reut
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
The Southern Urals

The article provides information about some biological features of the rare species Iris aphylla L., listed in a number of regional Red books. Ten-year-old plants, introduced into the South-Ural Botanical Garden- Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre of RAS, were studied. Phenological features of the species, indicators of seed productivity and morphometric parameters of cultivars were studied. The assessment of decorative qualities and success of introduction of I. aphylla is carried out. It was revealed that the seed-grown species of I. aphylla in the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Urals passes the full cycle of development. According to the terms of flowering, the introduced species is referred to the group of early-flowering irises. Seed productivity is estimated as average. According to the assessment of the decorative qualities I. aphylla is referred to medium decorative plants. The early and fairly long flowering has been noted, as well as the presence of several buds on the shoot. The success of the introduction was six points, that is, the introduced species regularly mass flowering, bears fruit, reproduces vegetative, has a high resistance to local climatic conditions. I. aphylla is recommended to replenish the zonal assortment of cultivated plants of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

scholarly journals New segetal communities of sunflower crops in the Orenburg Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
Sergey Maratovich Yamalov ◽  
Gulnaz Rimovna Khasanova ◽  
Maria Vladimirovna Lebedeva ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirovich Korchev
Keyword(s):  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Orobanche Cumana ◽  
New Variant

The diversity of weed-field communities of sunflower crops within the forest-steppe zone of the Orenburg Region (Abdulinskiy, Matveevskiy, Oktyabrskiy, Aleksandrovskiy, Sharlykskiy districts) was studied. The communities in the system of ecological-floristic classification units are assigned to the new variant Orobanche cumana of the Amarantho blitoides - Lactucetum tataricae Khasanova et al. 2019. In the core of the cenoflora of communities juvenile weed species prevail. The most active of them are late spring annuals ( Amaranthus blitoides , Panicum miliaceum , Amaranthus retroflexus , Setaria viridis ) and early spring annuals ( Chenopodium album , Fallopia convolvulus , Camelina microcarpa ). Root perennials such as Lactuca tatarica , Convolvulus arvensis , Euphorbia virgata , Cirsium arvense have also a high proportion. A distinctive feature of the communities is the participation in their floristic composition of a dangerous quarantine species - Sunflower broomrape ( Orobanche cumana ). Modeling the area of the association under a moderate scenario of climate change shows that the distribution of communities by 2050 can cover almost the entire territory of the Cis-Urals (within the Republic of Bashkortostan). It is necessary to organize a monitoring system for the range of these communities in the Southern Urals.

scholarly journals The effect of macro- and micro-fertilizers on spring wheat productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04040
Author(s):  
V Isaychev ◽  
N Andreev ◽  
V Kostin
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of the study was to explore the effectiveness of various modifications of the preparation Megamix and complex macrofertilizers in cultivation of the spring wheat variety Ulyanovskaya 100 in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The factors used in the experiment contribute to a yield increase by 0.37 - 3.12 c / ha. The use of the Megamix-Zinc modification with complex mineral fertilizers gives the greatest yield increase compared with the control group which amounts to 11%. All modifications of the Megamix preparation have a positive effect on the structure elements of the spring wheat yield. The highest test weight is observed in the Megamix-Zinc option with previous application of mineral fertilizers. The increase in this indicator from the factors used was 4.8 - 18.7 g / l, depending on the option. Under the influence of the studied factors, the vitreousness of the spring wheat grain increases by 1.28 5.83%. Top dressing has a positive effect on the weight of 1000 seeds. This indicator increased by 0.49 - 2.80 grams, compared with the control option.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE CONTENT OF MACROELEMENTS AND BIOACTIVITY OF SOIL ON THE BLACK SOILS OF THE SOUTHERN STEPPE ZONE OF THE SOUTHERN URALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Skorokhodov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat

The article is devoted to assessment of the influence of forecrops, application of mineral fertilizers on biological activity of the southern black soil and the yield of soft spring wheat. The studies were carried out in a field long-term stationary experiment in six-field crop rotations, with mono-cultivation of soft spring wheat. The object of the study was soft spring wheat put at different levels of mineral nutrition and according to different forecrops. The article presents longterm data of stationary experiment on spring soft wheat yield, biological activity of the soil under its crops, the content and consumption of macronutrients during the growing season. The vegetation periods of the studies were characterized by aridity and were divided into three groups, 13 out of 19 years were assigned to slightly arid (hydrothermal index = 0.6 and less units). Due to aridity of the growing seasons, the yield of spring soft wheat, depending on the forecrops and the nutrition background, is presented. It has been established that spring soft wheat reduces yield when cultivated in mono-seeding compared to multifield system, regardless of environmental factors. On average, for the period from 2002 to 2019, such forecrops of soft wheat as peas and millet were the best in the variant without application of mineral fertilizers. The yield of soft wheat was 0.93 and 0.90 tons per hectare, respectively. As a result of the study, an increased (in comparison with other variants of the experiment) consumption of nitrate nitrogen and potassium by permanent crops of spring soft wheat was established.

scholarly journals The influence of growth regulators on the productive capacity of spring wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00106
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Isaychev ◽  
Nikolay Andreev ◽  
Myariam Bogapova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety ◽  
Positive Effect

The author(s) studied the influence of various growth regulators on the yield and grain quality of the spring wheat variety “Zemlyachka” under the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Volga region. The studies have shown that pre-sowing treatment of seeds with growth regulators has a positive effect on the yield of the experimental crop, providing an increase of 0.17–0.40 t/ha. The use of growth regulators in the technology of cultivation of spring wheat has a positive effect on the formation of grain quality indicators, which determine the technological and baking properties of products, such as the content of protein and starch, the quantity and quality of gluten, and the volumetric weight of grain.

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