Problems of the Accumulation of Human Capital by Employed Workers in Modern Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Elena Basovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Implementation Of Innovations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Related Changes

The paper analyzes the accumulation of human capital by the employed popula-tion of modern Russia, depending on age, work experience and profession. The influ-ence of the age and seniority of workers on the amount of wages assessed as character-istics of the human capital of workers. For the analysis, we used Rosstat data on the amount of remuneration of workers of different professions, of different ages, with dif-ferent work experience for the period 2005-2019. It found that the nature of the age-related changes in wages during the period under review approached the nature of the age-related changes in wages in OECD countries, which demonstrates the resumption of growth in the wages of older workers. This indicates an increase in the efficiency of the human capital of older workers, which be explained the development of creative abilities based on the accumulated positive experience. This phenomenon is inherent, mainly, in managers and highly qualified specialists. The impact of experience on the accumulation of human capital in the period from 2005-2019 has been steadily decreasing, which indicates a low level of implementation of innovations in the economy and limited economic growth due to unfavorable institutional conditions.

Abstract T P136: Potential Contributors to the Declining Impact of Stroke Risk Factors with Age: Implications for Stroke Epidemiology in the Elderly

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Howard ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Maciej Banach ◽  
Brett M Kissela ◽  
David C Goff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Related Changes

Purpose: The importance of stroke research in the elderly is increasing as America is “graying.” For most risk factors for most diseases (including stroke), the magnitude of association with incident events decreases at older ages. Potential changes in the impact of risk factors could be a “true” effect, or could be due to methodological issues such as age-related changes in residual confounding. Methods: REGARDS followed 27,748 stroke-free participants age 45 and over for an average of 5.3 years, during which 715 incident strokes occurred. The association of the “Framingham” risk factors (hypertension [HTN], diabetes, smoking, AFib, LVH and heart disease) with incident stroke risk was assessed in age strata of 45-64 (Young), 65-74 (Middle), and 75+ (Old). For those with and without an “index” risk factor (e.g., HTN), the average number of “other” risk factors was calculated. Results: With the exception of AFib, there was a monotonic decrease in the magnitude of the impact across the age strata, with HTN, diabetes, smoking and LVH even becoming non-significant in the elderly (Figure 1). However, for most factors, the increasing prevalence of other risk factors with age impacts primarily those with the index risk factor absent (Figure 2, example HTN as the “index” risk factor). Discussion: The impact of stroke risk factors substantially declined at older ages. However, this decrease is partially attributable to increases in the prevalence of other risk factors among those without the index risk factor, as there was little change in the prevalence of other risk factors in those with the index risk factor. Hence, the impact of the index risk factor is attenuated by increased risk in the comparison group. If this phenomenon is active with latent risk factors, estimates from multivariable analysis will also decrease with age. A deeper understanding of age-related changes in the impact of risk factors is needed.

scholarly journals Human capital as the growth factor in regional competitiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Justyna Kogut ◽  
Katarzyna Brożek
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Method Of Least Squares ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Intangible Resources ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Impact

In the recent years, the world economy has undergone an enormous transformation. It can be noted that it is not only based on industry, but also on knowledge. Achieving a competitive advantage by regions is further focused on investing in fixed assets, but, what is also important, in human capital. At present, a factor that is increasingly important in achieving competitiveness is the ability to use intangible resources. Expenditures on education and research, investing in people, their knowledge and skills are an essential precondition of raising competitiveness. In the case of a highly qualified staff, it allows the efficient introduction of new technologies and the creation of new directions for its development. The competitiveness of the regions is influenced, inter alia, by human talents, knowledge, entrepreneurship, initiative and own resources to improve living conditions. Human capital is thus a key determinant of the competitiveness of regions in Poland. Therefore, the priority of this article is to analyze the impact of selected components of human capital on the competitiveness of regions in Poland in the years 2007-2014. The article is both theoretical and empirical. The first part reviews the literature closely related to the topic of the work. The second part includes a statistical analysis and a construction of a panel model estimated by the method of least squares. GRETL program was used for calculations. Imię autora*:

scholarly journals The Impact of Long‐Term Physical Activity on Age‐Related Changes in Protein and Gene Expression

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R Lanza ◽  
Daniel K Short ◽  
Kevin R Short ◽  
Yan W Asmann ◽  
Sreekumar Raghavakaimal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Related Changes

Alzheimer?s disease: the impact of age-related changes in reproductive hormones

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Casadesus ◽  
C. S. Atwood ◽  
X. Zhu ◽  
A. W. Hartzler ◽  
K. M. Webber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Related Changes

Visual Changes among Older Workers: Implications for Workstation Design

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 801-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond P. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Workstation Design ◽  
Visual Changes ◽  
Age Related Changes

Older workers consist of those who have experienced age related changes in vision or visual impairment. Age related visual changes may be compensated for largely through modifications of workstation lighting. Visual impairment requires much more extensive and individual redesign based on a careful task evaluation. The role of visual assessment is discussed.

scholarly journals The Impact of Melatonin Supplementation and NLRP3 Inflammasome Deletion on Age-Accompanied Cardiac Damage

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1269
Author(s):  
Ramy K. A. Sayed ◽  
Marisol Fernández-Ortiz ◽  
Ibtissem Rahim ◽  
José Fernández-Martínez ◽  
Paula Aranda-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Cardiac Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cardiac Muscles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Related Changes

To investigate the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiac aging, we evaluate here morphological and ultrastructural age-related changes of cardiac muscles fibers in wild-type and NLRP3-knockout mice, as well as studying the beneficial effect of melatonin therapy. The results clarified the beginning of the cardiac sarcopenia at the age of 12 months, with hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes, increased expression of β-MHC, appearance of small necrotic fibers, decline of cadiomyocyte number, destruction of mitochondrial cristae, appearance of small-sized residual bodies, and increased apoptotic nuclei ratio. These changes were progressed in the cardiac myocytes of 24 old mice, accompanied by excessive collagen deposition, higher expressions of IL-1α, IL-6, and TNFα, complete mitochondrial vacuolation and damage, myofibrils disorganization, multivesicular bodies formation, and nuclear fragmentation. Interestingly, cardiac myocytes of NLRP3−/− mice showed less detectable age-related changes compared with WT mice. Oral melatonin therapy preserved the normal cardiomyocytes structure, restored cardiomyocytes number, and reduced β-MHC expression of cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, melatonin recovered mitochondrial architecture, reduced apoptosis and multivesicular bodies’ formation, and decreased expressions of β-MHC, IL-1α, and IL-6. Fewer cardiac sarcopenic changes and highly remarkable protective effects of melatonin treatment detected in aged cardiomyocytes of NLRP3−/− mice compared with aged WT animals, confirming implication of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiac aging. Thus, NLRP3 suppression and melatonin therapy may be therapeutic approaches for age-related cardiac sarcopenia.

scholarly journals The Impact of Retirement Resources on U.S. Older Female Workers’ Retirement Timing: Theory of Planned Behavior Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1057-1057
Author(s):  
Hansol Kim ◽  
David Ekerdt ◽  
Tamara Baker ◽  
Amber Watts ◽  
Tracey LaPierre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Retirement Timing ◽  
The Impact

Abstract For older workers, having a retirement plan is important for a successful transition. Social awareness of the problems encountered by older women during retirement remains low. Women have limited retirement resources due to their unequal work experience, and older women with access to fewer retirement resources often postpone their retirement. This research examined how the timing of older women’s retirement was influenced by their retirement resources as well as their marital status. The study used 2014 HRS and RAND data, and collected sample of women aged 50-62 years old who worked either full or part time (n=3,593). Respondents were female (56%), white (63%), married (70%), and working full time (82%). Guided by the theory of planned behavior (TPB), multiple regression analysis examined gender differences in predicting older adults' retirement timing. TPB included three sub factors: attitudes toward retirement, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Logistic regression analyzed the effects of respondents’ expectations of retirement (i.e., with vs without expected timing). The findings indicated that the TPB model works similarly for men and women but there is a difference according to marital status. Unmarried women are less likely to have accumulated financial resources and more likely to anticipate a later retirement (1.4 years) than married women and are also less likely to set an expected timing for retirement (p<05). Such a robust research agenda would provide key information for government agencies and policymakers and contribute to the development of retirement planning models or retirement education programs for older women.

Aging Processes in the Subcortical Auditory System

2018 ◽  
pp. 638-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Caspary ◽  
Daniel A. Llano
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Superior Olivary Complex ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Medial Geniculate ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Related Changes

As arguably the third most common malady of industrialized populations, age-related hearing loss is associated with social isolation and depression in a subset of the population that will approach 25% by 2050. Development of behavioral or pharmacotherapeutic approaches to prevent or delay the onset of age-related hearing loss and mitigate the impact of hearing loss of speech understanding requires a better understanding of age-related changes that occur in the central auditory processor. This chapter critically reviews and discusses changes that occur in the auditory brainstem and thalamus with increased age. It briefly discusses age-related cellular changes that occur de novo within the central auditory system versus deafferentation plasticity and animal models of aging. Subsections discuss the cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, inferior colliculus, and the medial geniculate body with an emphasis on age-related changes in neurotransmission and how these changes could underpin the observed loss of precise temporal processing with increased age.

The Relevance of Cognitive Aging Research to Warning Label Design

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 1368-1368
Author(s):  
Gabriel K. Rousseau ◽  
Nina Lamson ◽  
Wendy A. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Color Discrimination ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Individual Difference Variables ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Related Changes

A variety of individual difference variables affect whether someone notices, encodes, comprehends, and complies with a product warning label. Failures at any of these stages reduce the effectiveness of warnings. Development of effective warnings must be based on understanding the characteristics of the product user. As the population grows older, consideration of age-related changes in perceptual and cognitive abilities becomes more relevant to the warning designer. Aging researchers have identified a variety of declines and changes in vision (e.g., acuity, contrast sensitivity, and color discrimination) and memory (e.g., working memory and prospective memory). By considering the abilities of the product user, the impact of age-related changes may be minimized. Based on cognitive aging research and theory, we will make recommendations about how designers can increase the effectiveness of warnings for older adults.

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