Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Basic Notions. Types of Memory (review)

10.12737/2754 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Human Memory ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Living Objects ◽  
Memory Modelling

The review presents the history of the known approaches, concepts and theories of memory, first of all the human, as properties perceive, save, retrieve and reproduce information important for life. The review is written with a specific aim designation: precedes the developed author´s concept of ion-molecular memory model. In the introduction, the authors note that it is reasonably consider memory as a property and the living and non-living objects. Definition of structural memory is presented. It is noted that the review is dedicated to the human memory as biological (according to I.P. Amsharin) - the supreme manifestation of the nature of bio-objects. The authors give a basic definition of the memory elements as information operand: receivers, analyzers, analytical systems, selectors, transmitters, storage devices, media, and library memory. Classification of types of memory as conceptual, oriented to the task research: creation of ion-molecular memory model is presented. As an example, the authors present the definition of the classification of memory on the parameter of time storage of the information. In the aspect of the review of the existing models of memory the authors identified three basic types which simulate associative (distributed) memory, the so-called working memory, i.e. operational situational memory, and other, different, memory models: from temporary to sensory memory. In conclusion, it is shown that in the memory modelling the authors used various mathematical and physical principles: neural networks, holography, fractals, and many sections of non-linear dynamics. The content of this review is based on the analysis of numerous literary sources.

(A review). BRAUN-BLANQUETIA. Recueil de travaux de geobotanique / review of geobotanical monographs. Vol. 46. Centenaire de la phytosociologie. CAMERINO, 2010. 423 p.

2011 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
L. G. Naumova ◽  
V. B. Martynenko ◽  
S. M. Yamalov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Association ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
The Third ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
International Botanical Congress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Date of «birth» of phytosociology (phytocenology) is considered to be 1910, when at the third International Botanical Congress in Brussels adopted the definition of plant association in the wording Including Flaó and K. Schröter (Flahault, Schröter, 1910; Alexandrov, 1969). The centenary of this momentous event in the history of phytocenology devoted to the 46th edition of the Yearbook «Braun-Blanquetia», which began to emerge in 1984 in Camerino (Italy) and it has a task to publish large geobotanical works. During the years of the publication of the Yearbook on its pages were published twice work of the Russian scientists — «The steppes of Mongolia» (Z. V. Karamysheva, V. N. Khramtsov. Vol. 17. 1995), and «Classification of continental hemiboreal forests of Northern Asia» (N. B. Ermakov in collaboration with English colleagues and J. Dring, J. Rodwell. Vol. 28. 2000).

MM IA Pottery from Evans' Excavations at Knossos: A Reassessment

1991 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 149-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Momigliano
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Early History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ceramic Assemblages ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Written Sources

This article is a critical reassessment of the major Knossian deposits assigned by Evans to the Middle Minoan I A phase. It is divided into three main sections: first, an introduction, in which the author discusses the development of the definition of Knossian MM IA pottery; second, a detailed discussion of each deposit, based upon a systematic and first-hand re-examination of the ceramic material, and of the relevant written sources; third, a discussion of the problems concerning the classification of these deposits, and a typological study of their ceramic assemblages. The picture of Knossian MM IA pottery which emerges from this study is remarkably different from that presented by Evans, which is generally accepted. This has further implications not only for the study of Minoan pottery, but also for the early history of the site.

scholarly journals Diasporas in the modern world: the evolution of phenomena and concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1/s) ◽  
pp. 106-122
Author(s):  
Mansur Boysariyev
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Transnational Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The article analyzes scientific views, the concept of "diaspora", classification of diasporas, modern and classical diasporas, a description of existing scientific views as an object of a transnational community. The conclusion is made about the absence of a single generally accepted definition of the concept of “diaspora”, which is necessary both theoretically and practically. n the conclusion, the author's views on improving research on the history of diasporas are presented.

Whence Come Qurʾān Manuscripts? Determining the Regional Provenance of Early Qurʾānic Codices

Der Islam ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-393
Author(s):  
Ala Vahidnia
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Textual Variants ◽  
Early Islamic

Abstract In studies of early Qurʾānic manuscripts, determining the provenance of these manuscripts is a thorny issue because in most cases they lack endowment notes or colophons. The reports in early Islamic sources regarding textual variants of regional codices (maṣāḥif al-amṣār) may contribute to find a solution to this problem. A list of regional variants, mostly based on al-Dānī’s al-Muqniʿ, can be found in Nöldeke et al.’s The History of the Quran. However, as the authors have stated, a comparison of some of the early Qurʾānic manuscripts in the Topkapı Sarayı Museum with this table of maṣāḥif al-amṣār variants indicates that the traditional reports are unreliable for identifying the provenance of Qurʾānic manuscripts because none of these codices can be attributed to any particular region. The present article is an attempt to demonstrate that this problem results from relying solely on the data provided by al-Dānī and ignoring earlier and more significant sources, such as al-Sijistānī’s Kitāb al-Maṣāḥif. It attempts to provide a new and more precise classification of regional variants by reading afresh the reports on the features of maṣāḥif al-amṣār, taking into account the sources which were not used by Nöldeke et al., especially al-Sijistānī’s Kitāb al-Maṣāḥif, thus making the list of maṣāḥif al-amṣār variants more accurate, thereby the variants of each of these early Qurʾānic Codices tally more with the reports preserved for the characteristics of one of the maṣāḥif al-amṣār in literary sources. As the texts of the surviving manuscripts are not of a diverse nature we are able, with some certainty, to draw conclusions that substantiate the reports as to the peculiarities of the muṣḥafs of different cities.

scholarly journals Whence Lepidic?: The History of a Canadian Neologism

2013 ◽  
Vol 137 (12) ◽  
pp. 1822-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Pulmonary Pathology ◽  
Definition Of

The term lepidic is used prominently in the recently published multidisciplinary classification of adenocarcinoma. The lack of use in common (nonmedical) English has led to some confusion over the proper definition of this term. This historical perspective traces the history of the term lepidic from its origins at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, through its uses in English pathologic descriptions, to its current state in pulmonary pathology.

Characteristics of headache during and/or after coronary intervention: A prospective observational study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 033310242110535
Author(s):  
Chenglong Lu ◽  
Leyi Zhang ◽  
Cuixiang Liu ◽  
Zhifeng Wang ◽  
Ran Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Observational Design ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction Headache during and/or after coronary intervention is common but has received little attention from cardiologists and neurologists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and possible mechanism of coronary intervention-related headache. Methods Using a prospective observational design, we identified consecutive patients with coronary intervention from May 2020 to August 2020. Patients were followed up with questionnaires immediately after coronary intervention and 24 h, 72 h, 1 week and 2 weeks after the intervention. Results In total, 94 patients were enrolled, and 71 patients ultimately completed the 2-week follow-up. Among 71 patients, headache developed during and/or after coronary intervention in 18 (25.4%) patients. Two different types of headache related to coronary intervention were observed: One during and another after coronary intervention. Headache characteristics are described in detail. A history of previous headache was an independent risk factor for coronary intervention-related headache ( p < 0.01). Conclusions Coronary intervention-related headache has an incidence of 25.4%, and previous headache history was an independent risk factor. Moreover, considering that there are no relevant diagnostic criteria, it is suggested that the definition of coronary intervention-related headache should be established in the International Classification of Headache Disorders.

The internal classification of the Malayic subgroup

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-581
Author(s):  
K. Alexander Adelaar
Keyword(s):  
International Workshop ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Language Group ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Morphological Reconstruction ◽  
Austronesian Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Phd Thesis

My This paper is a critical evaluation of B. Nothofer's definition of ‘Malayic’ (§1). It also discusses his classification of Iban (or ‘Sea Dayak’) as a separate primary branch in the Malayic language group, and his analysis of some aspects of Iban phonological history (§ 2).The Malayic language group consists of (literary, standard) Malay and all dialects and languages that are sufficiently close to Malay in order to form an exclusive subgroup with it within the Austronesian language family. In 1985 I finished a PhD thesis which is a phonological, lexical and morphological reconstruction of Proto-Malayic, the hypothetical stock-language of the Malayic subgroup. The reconstruction is made on the basis of six members of the Malayic subgroup, viz. Malay, Minangkabau, Banjarese, Middle Malay (Seraway variant) Iban and Jakartanese. In August 1986 the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka in Kuala Lumpur organized the International Workshop on the History of Malay, the contributions to which were published in 1988 (Mohd. Thani Ahmad and Zaini Mohamed Zain, 1988). Nothofer's paper treated the various views on the definition of the Malayic subgroup (Nothofer, 1988). Concerning my 1985 study, Nothofer made the following criticisms: definition of ‘Malayic’ is different from that of previous scholars and I do not explain in which way it differs. More particularly, my definition differs from that of Blust (1981), who also includes the Chamic languages of Vietnam and Rejang.

scholarly journals DEFINITION OF GENDER IDENTITY IN YOUNGER AGE GROUPS OF WOMEN'S BOXING

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
A. Konokh ◽  
A. Vorontsov
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Video Viewing ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

The article considers the means of determining gender identification of girls engaged in boxing and their impact on the training and competitive process. Purpose: to determine gender identification of qualified girls boxers. Material & Methods: the study involved qualified (participants, prize-winners, champions of local tournaments and championships of Ukraine in their age group) girls boxers 12-15 years old, who are engaged in the city children's and youth sports school. A total of 10 girls were interviewed, including 7 athletes aged 15 and 3 athletes aged 12 years, sports experience at the time of the study ranged from 3 to 5 years. Research methods used: S. Bem's method "masculinity - femininity"; Freiburg Personal Questionnaire (FPI) Masculinity Scale; analysis and generalization of literary sources; analysis of excerpts from the protocols of competitions and video viewing of semifinal, final matches of two championships of Ukraine; method of mathematical statistics. Results: it was determined that most girls (n = 9) with index values ​​(IS) in the range from -0,348 (± 0.05) to 0,580 (± 0.05) belong to the androgynous type according to the S.Bem classification. Only one athlete (n = 1) with indicators (IS) -1,276 belongs to the masculine type according to the classification of S. Bem. Determination of masculinity signs using the FPI test showed the number of points scored from 4 (± 2) to 9 out of 14 possible. Conclusions: The study proved the dominance of androgynous and masculine types in various sports in general. The ratio of gender types between individuals engaged in martial arts and boxing is revealed. The data on the dominance of the androgenic type of personality in the younger age groups of women's boxing have been supplemented. For more productive training of gender types of physical and special boxing exercises and forecasting of competitive activity, it is necessary to study individual psychological qualities of a girl-boxer. It is advisable in the subsequent stages of long-term training to conduct repeated tests of girls boxers of this research group in order to determine the progress of masculinization by age and sports experience and sports qualifications.

scholarly journals Review of semantic research of adverbs of place in Lithuanian

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Gintarė Judžentytė
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Semantic investigations of adverbs of place in Lithuanian started in 1653, when in the first grammar of the Lithuanian language Danielius Kleinas offered a classification of adverbs of place that consisted of four semantic groups: 1) In Loco; 2) De Loco; 3) Per Locum; 4) Ad Locum. This semantic division remained unchanged for over two centuries, i.e. 17th – 18th century.The comparative-historical method that was introduced in the 19th century influenced Lithuanian linguistics and, as a result, such figures as A. Šleicheris, the author of the first theoretical Lithuanian language grammar and F. Kuršaitis, another author of an important grammar volume focused more on the origin of adverbs (of place) rather than their semantics.The 20th century in Lithuanian linguistics had still retained some reverberations of the 19th century, the author of the first standard Lithuanian grammar J. Jablonskis still pays more attention to the origin of adverbs of place and not its meanings.The most significant semantic research of adverbs of place in this century is considered to be K. Ulvydas’ analysis in the academic “grammar of the Lithuanian language” as it was the first one to provide a comprehensive description of what an adverb is in general as well as a definition of an adverb of place. In comparison to other grammars written earlier, this work provides the most extensive semantic classification of adverbs of place; in addition, it provides a detailed account of the meanings of adverbs of place, the overlaps of those meanings, etc. Along with grammars of Lithuanian, adverbs of place were extensively investigated in other scholarly works. The most important of them is B. Forsman’s monograph “Das baltische Adverb” which, in comparison to other works devoted to Lithuanian adverbs of place, provides a detailed analysis and description of the semantics of adverbs of place in Lithuanian: 1. B. Forssman was the first one to apply the notion of space in the investigation of Lithuanian adverbs of place; he was the first one to research Lithuanian adverbs of place by naming an object in relation to which the place/location is described; he was the first one to include the notion of deixis into the history of semantic research of Lithuanian adverbs of place; he was the first one to distinguish the meanings of Lithuanian adverbs of place according to the manner of localisation and division of space.

scholarly journals Sprachliche Zweifelsfälle als linguistischer Gegenstand. Zur Einführung in ein vergessenes Thema der Sprachwissenschaft.

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Peter Klein
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Century Thought

The term "sprachlicher Zweifelsfall" ('linguistic case of doubt') is not yet well established in the terminology of linguistics. The first part of the paper therefore outlines a definition of "sprachlicher Zweifelsfall" and a classification of various types. Basically, the definition takes up the fact that even fully competent speakers sometimes do not know definitely which variant to choose from two (or more) alternatives. Doubts like this evolve on all levels of language (phonetics, morphology, lexic, syntax, semantics). Considering the emergence of "Zweifelsfälle", it is argued that they arise mainly from the existence of written language and more or less standardized varieties of language. At least some of their features refer to the specific conceptual conditions of writing and reading. In the second part of the paper, the "Zweifelsfälle" are reconceived in so far as they have been treated in the newer history of German discourse on language, including both popular and philological discussion. Starting in 19th century thought, they became symbolic means of social distinction. In contrast, linguists tended to neglect the existence of "Zweifelsfälle" because they did not fit in well with their theories on language. The paper ends with several theses dealing with possible future research on the topic.

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