Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Mechanisms of Information Search in the Library Memory

10.12737/7287 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Time Axis ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Memory Functions ◽  
Mechanisms Of Memory ◽  
The Brain

In the context of developed by the authors of the memory model, the mechanism of information search in the library memory were studied. The authors proposed consistent variants of such mechanisms from the positions of biophysics, chemistry and mathematical logic. As in the previous articles, the role of the spectrum of the activity of hydrogen ions was highlighted. Events (facts) are placed in the library memory on the time axis - stratigraphy memory (according to V.V. Nabokov) and are subject to internal chronotype (according to A.A. Ukhtomsky). The authors touched a question upon vectorization time in biological systems in relation to the functioning of mechanisms of information search in the library memory. The authors note that the vectorization time in biosystems is the basis of the "speed" work of all mechanisms of memory. The mechanism of memory functions; for example, sleep, even deep - its essence is the work of the subconscious, i.e. the reference to the images and content of memory. Even taking into account the principle of anthropomorphism in the design of technical devices memory by individual, don’t associate characteristic for these devices "compression" of information from the brain work: here the information is not "shrinks" and recoded, contributing to lower power consumption of the process and reducing the overall entropy. The authors argue that the geometry of the drive with inherent spectra of the activity of hydrogen ions it is logically to consider the characteristics of similarity. This characteristic has fractal dimension that gives some level of comfort to compare patterns, which were discussed in this work. Identical and similar items patterns contribute equally to the formation of fractal dimension.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Coding Techniques (Formalization) and Transfer of Information

10.12737/3324 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Small Mass ◽  
Tunneling Effect ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Information Encoding ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
Transfer Of Information

In previous papers, the authors examined the material elements of memory. This paper is devoted to the methods of coding and transfer information. Encoding mechanisms and spectrum of activity of hydrogen ions, as the dominant feature in the process of encoding information, were studied. In particular, the role of the tunneling effect - as the ability of a hydrogen ion H+ to change their position without loss of energy - was marked. The ability to relay proton transfer in the basic biochemical reactions was noted. The authors identified the main thing - compared with other ions of the material structure of the brain - the small mass of the proton makes it unique among them in this aspect encoding, and transfer information in realization of the mechanism of memory. The basic concept is the informational code memory. Herewith, the actual coding of the information is considered as far from a trivial task, but it is quite solvable (i.e. analyzed in memory model), given the large number of parameters of the electric neural signal. Another aspect is that whatever happened encoding when saving the information in memory should be recoding of parameters of electrical signals parameters of structure and energy of biopolymers or other drives. To retrieve information from memory must be implemented by its decoding images, verbal or other characteristics. The authors note that mechanisms decoding in-memory structure previously known to the authors of the works were not discussed at all. The article considers the basic notion of the spectrum of the activity of hydrogen ions (SАHI). It is SAHI as the general characteristics of the activity of proton, defines all of the “subtle” mechanisms the effectiveness of ion-molecular memory model. It is shown that only the uniqueness of the proton, as biochemical agent, and led him to the isolation of the other ion - as an important element of memory.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Structural Elements of the Library Memory and the Interaction Between Them

10.12737/5934 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Functional Completeness ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Protein Nature ◽  
System Memory ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Submolecular Structure

This article is a continuation of a series of works on creation of ion-molecular memory model. Structural elements of the library of memory, as well as their rather complex interaction are considered. The authors are talking about the library in anatomically formed brain. It is believed that information is stored in certain structural elements ("repository of facts"). The concept of directory information and a buffer of information systems and their capacity were introduced. The scheme of possible structure of the library of memory that includes inputs, controllers, switches, transmitters, receivers-directories, drives, and concurrently-cascaded (specialized) of the auxiliary sections of the library memory was proposed and substantiated by the authors. Structural elements of the storage of information already exist in anatomically formed brain, and actually library memory has elements of different physical sizes. Information is also distributed by the authorities, and the smallest unit patterns library memory is one where the only fact is stored. As soon hydrogen ions as carriers of information, easily contact the buffer systems, this indicates that in the system memory other structures to store facts – information are excessive, with the exception of physical and chemical buffers of protein nature. It is also clear: if more capacity information in the buffer, the more information can be stored in it. Structural elements of the library memory can be presented in sufficient functional completeness by controllers, switches, transmitters and drives. It is not excluded that controllers and switches are located within a single molecular (submolecular) structure.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Physical Media Delivery and Storage of Information

10.12737/2755 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Media Delivery ◽  
And Storage ◽  
The Brain

То develop the theme of creation of ion-molecular memory model, the physical media delivery and storage of information as a basic subject of memory from the positions of bio-physics-chemistry are considered. The purpose of this paper is to present the rationale and definition of the material basis of information processes memory that are implemented in solving the identified problems, namely: a study of the topology of memory in the brain, cell physiology memory, molecular biochemistry memory, the role of elementary particles in the formation of memory, including thermodynamic hypothesis of N.I. Kobozev, the principle of Prigogine - Onsager and other concepts. It is shown that the brain develops, topographic map of memory, which gives an idea about the localization of the structures of memory. In the part of cellular physiology memory these relevant processes take place with the participation of neurons, their electrical activity is varied in the processes of production and the extraction of information, i.e. the neurons are receivers and transmitters of information; their functions analyzers and selectors are not excluded. The electrical processes in neurons are the result of bio-physical and chemical reactions, in which DNA-RNA and protein molecules form: enzymes and neuro-peptides are dominant. It is shown that research of material media is the most promising in the sphere of the effectiveness of elementary particles, providing energy (electromagnetic) standard memory performance.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. The Problem of Entropy

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Memory Model ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Thermodynamic Entropy ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
Entropy Factor ◽  
Role Of Information ◽  
Thermodynamic Processes ◽  
Non Equilibrium

The final article in a series of works on creation of ion‐molecular models of memory is dedicated to the entropy factor. The authors examine the correlation between information and entropy. They introduce an entropy equivalent in the specificity of memory (by I. Prigozhin). The memory system is considered markedly nonlinear and non‐equilibrium. The article contains a general conclusion to the series of works. The entropy factor is, from the position of bio‐physic‐chemistry, an important aspect of memory, as a higher form of functioning of the organism, including human organism ‐ in the first place. It is possible to allocate to factor the actual memory several types of entropy, instead of one integrated, as for example in the case of the classical thermodynamic processes. Moreover, the thermodynamic entropy, as a defining static processes, virtually ignored in ion‐molecular memory model (Boltzmann entropy). Here more significant is the consideration of the role of information Shannonʹs entropy. And another important point: to evaluate the entropy of systems with non‐equilibrium processes, which undoubtedly applies to the memory, I. Prigozhin proposed to use the sum of the elements of the correlation matrix, the diagonal members which are set in accordance with probability, and extra diagonal ‐ correlations. The authors use it in the estimation of entropic characteristics of ion‐molecular memory model. I.e. on the basis of proposals Prigozhin, the authors introduce entropy equivalent, which corresponds to the provisions of non‐equilibrium thermodynamics and the requirement for orientation changes in two of its components, that allows to estimate the partial contributions of both types of entropy to the total entropy of memory.

Ion-molecular memory model. The formation of the information space in the memory by means of hydrogen ions

10.12737/7353 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Description ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Logic Device ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Time Logic ◽  
Detailed Mathematical Analysis ◽  
General Physical

Regular publications on the development of ion-molecular memory model focuses on the development of information area of memory. As in the previous paper, the main active agents are hydrogen ions. Formation of information code is regarded as the effectiveness of the range of activity of hydrogen ions (SAHI). Spectrum of activity is considered as dominant in the organization of transfer processes, storage and conversion information in developed model of memory. According to the position of modern knowledge the diagram of a hypothetical way to the library memory was developed and justified. The authors noted that the possibility of formation of an information code by means of SAHI is physical-logically consistent within the complex logic A.A. Zinoviev as the most perfect in the real time logic device. There is no need to ask the question: why dominates the spectrum of hydrogen? - This chemical is vital in the evolution of the bioorganic world. Supplemental approval is given in the paper, - the possibility of information duality of SAHI show a clear analogy between the latter and DNA. The above is illustrated in this paper as general physical and biophysical arguments and detailed mathematical analysis and thermodynamic description of SAHI. In general, it can be assumed that the proposed model of formation of the information space in memory by means of hydrogen ions carries the actual quality of the adequacy and in private provisions don’t contrary to popular works.

The Role of Mitochondria in the Genesis of Neuroaxonal Dystrophy in the Brains of Aging Mice

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
J.E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ◽  
Nucleus Gracilis ◽  
Dystrophic Axons ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nucleus Cuneatus

Although neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) has been examined by light and electron microscopy for years, the nature of the components in the dystrophic axons is not well understood. The present report examines nucleus gracilis and cuneatus (the dorsal column nuclei) in the brain stem of aging mice.Mice (C57BL/6J) were sacrificed by aldehyde perfusion at ages ranging from 3 months to 23 months. Several brain areas and parts of other organs were processed for electron microscopy.At 3 months of age, very little evidence of NAD can be discerned by light microscopy. At the EM level, a few axons are found to contain dystrophic material. By 23 months of age, the entire nucleus gracilis is filled with dystrophic axons. Much less NAD is seen in nucleus cuneatus by comparison. The most recurrent pattern of NAD is an enlarged profile, in the center of which is a mass of reticulated material (reticulated portion; or RP).

Restraint stress exacerbates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats: A role of endogenous corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the brain

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A715-A715
Author(s):  
Y NAKADE ◽  
M YONEDA ◽  
S TAKAMOTO ◽  
T ITO ◽  
S OKAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
The Brain

Fibrinolytic Activity of Cerebro-Spinal Fluid and the Development of Artificial Cerebral Haematomas in Dogs

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Mihara ◽  
T Fujii ◽  
S Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Trans Form ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fibrin Plate ◽  
The Brain

SummaryBlood was injected into the brains of dogs to produce artificial haematomas, and paraffin injected to produce intracerebral paraffin masses. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood samples were withdrawn at regular intervals and their fibrinolytic activities estimated by the fibrin plate method. Trans-form aminomethylcyclohexane-carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA) was administered to some individuals. Genera] relationships were found between changes in CSF fibrinolytic activity, area of tissue damage and survival time. t-AMCHA was clearly beneficial to those animals given a programme of administration. Tissue activator was extracted from the brain tissue after death or sacrifice for haematoma examination. The possible role of tissue activator in relation to haematoma development, and clinical implications of the results, are discussed.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum: novel concept of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of Devic’s disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (46) ◽  
pp. 2101-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Csécsei ◽  
Anita Trauninger ◽  
Sámuel Komoly ◽  
Zsolt Illés
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
The Brain

The identification of autoantibodies generated against the brain isoform water channel aquaporin4 in the sera of patients, changed the current diagnostic guidelines and concept of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). In a number of cases, clinical manifestation is spatially limited to myelitis or relapsing optic neuritis creating a diverse. NMO spectrum. Since prevention of relapses provides the only possibility to reduce permanent disability, early diagnosis and treatment is mandatory. In the present study, we discuss the potential role of neuroimaging and laboratory tests in differentiating the NMO spectrum from other diseases, as well as the diagnostic procedures and therapeutic options. We also present clinical cases, to provide examples of different clinical settings, diagnostic procedures and therapeutic decisions.

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