Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Memory Structure, its Bandwidth, the Switches and the Controllers of Information

10.12737/5933 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Memory Structure ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
System Memory ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Main Thing

This paper discusses the memory structure in its basic characteristics: bandwidth, switching and "dispatching" of information flows in the system memory organization. Bandwidth is associated with the filtering of information flows; in the radiophysics analogy – as "signal -noise". Selection of information should be made according to its energy content. For completeness and detail of the developed model of memory, the authors introduced the concept of switches and memory controllers, as the molecular, cellular and other compounds that distribute (send) useful information in the appropriate sections of the library of memory. All elements memory can evolve as structuring, filling and restructuring of library memory. Within the developed by the authors of ion-molecular memory model the real work to the greatest extent uses radio physical analogy as a universal approach in all scientific fields, where the paramount consideration are the objects of information processing. It has become a scientific axiom; the main thing is that a certain (radio)physical formalism in specific model was found as the adequacy of the studied processes. The authors have paid special attention to these issues, including in a strict sequence and hierarchy of the presented material. It was especially emphasized that the evolution of all and classifying bandwidth of the memory elements subject to overall systemic laws structuring and optimization (radio)physical interpretation.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Coding Techniques (Formalization) and Transfer of Information

10.12737/3324 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Small Mass ◽  
Tunneling Effect ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Information Encoding ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
Transfer Of Information

In previous papers, the authors examined the material elements of memory. This paper is devoted to the methods of coding and transfer information. Encoding mechanisms and spectrum of activity of hydrogen ions, as the dominant feature in the process of encoding information, were studied. In particular, the role of the tunneling effect - as the ability of a hydrogen ion H+ to change their position without loss of energy - was marked. The ability to relay proton transfer in the basic biochemical reactions was noted. The authors identified the main thing - compared with other ions of the material structure of the brain - the small mass of the proton makes it unique among them in this aspect encoding, and transfer information in realization of the mechanism of memory. The basic concept is the informational code memory. Herewith, the actual coding of the information is considered as far from a trivial task, but it is quite solvable (i.e. analyzed in memory model), given the large number of parameters of the electric neural signal. Another aspect is that whatever happened encoding when saving the information in memory should be recoding of parameters of electrical signals parameters of structure and energy of biopolymers or other drives. To retrieve information from memory must be implemented by its decoding images, verbal or other characteristics. The authors note that mechanisms decoding in-memory structure previously known to the authors of the works were not discussed at all. The article considers the basic notion of the spectrum of the activity of hydrogen ions (SАHI). It is SAHI as the general characteristics of the activity of proton, defines all of the “subtle” mechanisms the effectiveness of ion-molecular memory model. It is shown that only the uniqueness of the proton, as biochemical agent, and led him to the isolation of the other ion - as an important element of memory.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Structural Elements of the Library Memory and the Interaction Between Them

10.12737/5934 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Functional Completeness ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Protein Nature ◽  
System Memory ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Submolecular Structure

This article is a continuation of a series of works on creation of ion-molecular memory model. Structural elements of the library of memory, as well as their rather complex interaction are considered. The authors are talking about the library in anatomically formed brain. It is believed that information is stored in certain structural elements ("repository of facts"). The concept of directory information and a buffer of information systems and their capacity were introduced. The scheme of possible structure of the library of memory that includes inputs, controllers, switches, transmitters, receivers-directories, drives, and concurrently-cascaded (specialized) of the auxiliary sections of the library memory was proposed and substantiated by the authors. Structural elements of the storage of information already exist in anatomically formed brain, and actually library memory has elements of different physical sizes. Information is also distributed by the authorities, and the smallest unit patterns library memory is one where the only fact is stored. As soon hydrogen ions as carriers of information, easily contact the buffer systems, this indicates that in the system memory other structures to store facts – information are excessive, with the exception of physical and chemical buffers of protein nature. It is also clear: if more capacity information in the buffer, the more information can be stored in it. Structural elements of the library memory can be presented in sufficient functional completeness by controllers, switches, transmitters and drives. It is not excluded that controllers and switches are located within a single molecular (submolecular) structure.

Pricing for Hill Tourism Destination

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Debasish Batabyal
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Landscape Value ◽  
Capita Spending ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Tangible Product ◽  
Tour Operator

Pricing an alpine tourism is unlike pricing a tangible product. As a part of overall marketing strategy pricing a destination has lot of intricate issues that starts from the basic characteristics of the destination elements to the changing demand aspects. At the time of packaging, an alpine destination by a tour operator or destination promotion organization (DPO), a simplified model, is used that is not essentially limited to an absurd analysis of attraction features through FAM trips a priori. In almost all Indian leisure destinations, tourists are found to be price sensitive and per capita spending is not so high. So, an Indian alpine destination-specific model, based on simple linear regression equation, largely explaining the spending of tourists and thereby implying a modified landscape value has been explained here.

scholarly journals HOUSEHOLD LOGISTICS IN TOURISM SUPPLY CHAIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Snežana Tadić ◽  
◽  
Miloš Veljović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Logistics Systems ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Tourism Supply Chain ◽  
Efficient Realization

The tourism supply chain (TSC) consists of different participants: suppliers, tour operators and customers; in TSC, numerous physical and information flows to end customers are realized. Efficient realization of flows is enabled by logistics systems and technologies. In this way, logistics contribute to the competitiveness of tourism products. TSC participants can be trade, production, catering, logistics companies, travel agencies, but also households, primarily in rural areas. Households can play a role at all levels of TSC (suppliers of goods, materials and services, tour operators, travel agencies, end customers) and in various forms of tourism, but they play the most important role in rural and agritourism. Logistics is important in the optimization of logistics flows of households in TSC, having in mind imperatives of quality of goods, services, or complete tourism products that they can supply customers with. Therefore, in this paper, the role, significance and basic characteristics of subsystems of household logistics in TSC are analyzed.

Nous

2011 ◽  
pp. 86-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Bablekou
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Attention Model ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Long Term Working Memory ◽  
Embedded Process

The path to the study of cognition has to take into account working memory, as it is a key process of thinking operations in the human cognitive system. Naturally, this also holds for cognitive operations in the Web. The chapter introduces readers to current trends regarding models of working memory. The major models proposed in the literature are discussed here: Baddeley and Hitch’s multi-component model, Daneman and Carpenter’s account, Cowan’s embedded-process model, Kane and Engle’s executive attention model and long-term working memory model by Ericsson and Kintsch. The chapter focuses on the Baddeley and Hitch model, and the author argues that this specific model offers a more theoretically sound account of working memory operations. Unresolved issues and inefficiencies are also discussed and research directions are proposed.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Memorizing

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Molecular Models ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Specific Implementation

This article is from the series on the creation of ion-molecular models of memory, dedicated memorizing, i.e., the process of storing information in memory. The authors believe that the process of memorizing is carried out by images, and for the physical model, the question is the theory of soliton-holographic system. The process of memorizing is implemented in the structural changes of molecules and sub-molecular structures, and the way memory is formed during a finite time. The quality memorization requires multiple copies, for example, fractal, soliton-holographic and other images. The authors reviewed more "thin" issues, the specific implementation of the memory. The authors present one of the possible variants of memorizing in the framework of ion-molecular memory model. The concept of memorizing is discussed below in the duality of memory: memorizing and its retrieving as system duality of the mechanism of memory. Regarding the actual images memorizing, we are talking about a set of specific characters, which allow an adequate degree of accuracy to recover memory when retrieving from memory the stored image. The actual process of memorizing is realized in the process of structural transformations of molecular and sub-molecular structures, as a result of certain physic and chemical interactions. Such changes are to be under any influences from the external environment through the senses and evolution in the internal environment. Here the authors emphasize the electromagnetic basis of processes of memorizing and memory, i.e., electrical signals from neurons to structural elements of the library memory. It is important to emphasize that the (real) memorizing not all the information, but only volume that allows to restoring it completely, saves space and time needed to remember.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. The Causes Leading to Distortion of Information Stored in Memory

10.12737/9084 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Level ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Information Signal ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Noise Classification ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Constituent Elements

. As in perception, transmission, processing and storage of information in technical systems, distortion (useful) information in the functioning of memory is real and ontologically grounded. The reason of the distortion is the theme of this article from the cycle of works on creation of ion-molecular memory model. By analogy with radio-physical systems – nature is "stingy" on the system moves - the principle of evolutionary conservatism (by I.G. Gerasimov and A. A. Yashin) – the main reason of distortion is an information noise. Classification of information noise in the functioning of memory is developed. The cellular level of noisiness is highlighted. It is shown that an important reason for the distortion of information is a copy of information that is essential for brain function. The repair mechanisms distorted information by modifying the parameters of the spectrum of activity of hydrogen ions are considered. It is important to visualize: informational noise depends on the quality of the information signal, and on the quality of (generalized) receiver of useful information that we observe in the memory structure of the bio-object, in human – in the first place. The evolutionary principle of conservatism, the essence of the system-wide law of the universe, according to which the nature is «stingy» in terms of variety of moves and is based on the famous Poincare hypothesis, now – on the Poincare-Perelman theorem. According to this principle, there is a perfect analogy in the implementation of living and non-living systems, including technical solutions created by man. The prerogative of the cellular level of degradation is even more very obvious: in any system, its qualitative characteristics are determined by the degree of perfection / imperfection of its constituent elements-"primary sources".

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Retrieving Information and the Temporary Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Vector Information ◽  
Temporary Memory

The article is devoted to the issues of retrieving information and the temporary memory in frame of formation of the ion-molecular memory model. It is shown that the retrieving information, i.e., in everyday life language -remembering, in essence functioning close to the process of memorizing discussed in the previous article in the series. Memorizing and remembering are the essence of "antagonists" (plus or minus) with an almost identical mechanism of action. Here the main task memory to recall what exactly you need to remember. This isn´t a tautology, but the essence of the process. With this purpose, some image is formed as a mask search implicating the information about the image search, and the vector information retrieval. Obviously, the retrieval of information from memory and memorizing are carried out by means of images (fractals, wavelets, soliton-holograms etc). Scheme of retrieving information from the library memory is proposed and substantiated. Factor of the temporary memory is defined. The last point, the authors emphasize in the article because of its importance in the process of retrieving information from memory. The memory itself has many self-manifestations, but the most significant of them is the essence of short-term memory and long-term memory. There´s an emphasis: temporary, i.e., the primary question is about the characteristic time of storing information in memory. It is important to consider: long-term memory cannot exist without short-term memory, which operation is required the initial stage of memory formation in general, and short-term memory is considered as not completed memory in the sense that fixed in it facts-images weren´t recorded in the library memory and weren´t contained in it.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Physical Media Delivery and Storage of Information

10.12737/2755 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Media Delivery ◽  
And Storage ◽  
The Brain

То develop the theme of creation of ion-molecular memory model, the physical media delivery and storage of information as a basic subject of memory from the positions of bio-physics-chemistry are considered. The purpose of this paper is to present the rationale and definition of the material basis of information processes memory that are implemented in solving the identified problems, namely: a study of the topology of memory in the brain, cell physiology memory, molecular biochemistry memory, the role of elementary particles in the formation of memory, including thermodynamic hypothesis of N.I. Kobozev, the principle of Prigogine - Onsager and other concepts. It is shown that the brain develops, topographic map of memory, which gives an idea about the localization of the structures of memory. In the part of cellular physiology memory these relevant processes take place with the participation of neurons, their electrical activity is varied in the processes of production and the extraction of information, i.e. the neurons are receivers and transmitters of information; their functions analyzers and selectors are not excluded. The electrical processes in neurons are the result of bio-physical and chemical reactions, in which DNA-RNA and protein molecules form: enzymes and neuro-peptides are dominant. It is shown that research of material media is the most promising in the sphere of the effectiveness of elementary particles, providing energy (electromagnetic) standard memory performance.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. The Problem of Entropy

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Memory Model ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Thermodynamic Entropy ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
Entropy Factor ◽  
Role Of Information ◽  
Thermodynamic Processes ◽  
Non Equilibrium

The final article in a series of works on creation of ion‐molecular models of memory is dedicated to the entropy factor. The authors examine the correlation between information and entropy. They introduce an entropy equivalent in the specificity of memory (by I. Prigozhin). The memory system is considered markedly nonlinear and non‐equilibrium. The article contains a general conclusion to the series of works. The entropy factor is, from the position of bio‐physic‐chemistry, an important aspect of memory, as a higher form of functioning of the organism, including human organism ‐ in the first place. It is possible to allocate to factor the actual memory several types of entropy, instead of one integrated, as for example in the case of the classical thermodynamic processes. Moreover, the thermodynamic entropy, as a defining static processes, virtually ignored in ion‐molecular memory model (Boltzmann entropy). Here more significant is the consideration of the role of information Shannonʹs entropy. And another important point: to evaluate the entropy of systems with non‐equilibrium processes, which undoubtedly applies to the memory, I. Prigozhin proposed to use the sum of the elements of the correlation matrix, the diagonal members which are set in accordance with probability, and extra diagonal ‐ correlations. The authors use it in the estimation of entropic characteristics of ion‐molecular memory model. I.e. on the basis of proposals Prigozhin, the authors introduce entropy equivalent, which corresponds to the provisions of non‐equilibrium thermodynamics and the requirement for orientation changes in two of its components, that allows to estimate the partial contributions of both types of entropy to the total entropy of memory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document