Justification of formation parameters of plantation density of sugar beet

10.12737/3364 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Лукина ◽  
Irina Lukina ◽  
Черников ◽  
Vitaliy Chernikov ◽  
Казаров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Process Simulation ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Average Interval ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Plantation Density

Questions of influence of average interval, accuracy of application of intervals between shoots and field germination of seeds on relative harvest are considered. The depen-dences of the relative yield of sugar beet from the average interval between shoots, the coefficient of variation of the interval between shoots with the influence of field germination are got. These dependencies are installed with process simulation of flow transformation of seeds obtained from the sowing, in the flow of plants and then calculating the relative yields. The basis of the simulation is mathematical, logical and experimental data, so the results are close to the actual ones.

scholarly journals Operational Flexibility of a CFB Furnace during Fast Load Change—Experimental Measurements and Dynamic Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5972
Author(s):  
Jens Peters ◽  
Falah Alobaid ◽  
Bernd Epple
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Process Simulation ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Test Point ◽  
Hydrodynamic Condition ◽  
Operational Flexibility ◽  
Load Following ◽  
Load Change ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Bed Material

The share of power from fluctuating renewable energies such as wind and solar is increasing due to the ongoing climate change. It is therefore essential to use technologies that can compensate for these fluctuations. Experiments at 1 MWth scale were carried out to evaluate the operational flexibility of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustor during transient operation from 60% to 100% load. A typical load following sequence for fluctuating electricity generation/demand was reproduced experimentally by performing 4 load changes. The hydrodynamic condition after a load change depends on if the load change was in positive or negative direction due to the heat stored in the refractory/bed material at high loads and released when the load decreases. A 1.5D-process simulation model was created in the software APROS (Advanced Process Simulation) with the target of showing the specific characteristics of a CFB furnace during load following operation. The model was tuned with experimental data of a steady-state test point and validated with the load cycling tests. The simulation results show the key characteristics of CFB combustion with reasonable accuracy. Detailed experimental data is presented and a core-annulus approach for the modeling of the CFB furnace is used.

Mechanoreceptor and Photoreceptor Tonic Integration in the Crayfish

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 949-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Galeano ◽  
S. Beliveau
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Ipsilateral Side ◽  
Average Interval ◽  
Caudal Photoreceptor ◽  
Deviation Coefficient ◽  
Variation Interval ◽  
Density Results

The activity of the caudal photoreceptor of crayfish was studied in: (1) intact tail ganglion, (2) partially isolated, and (3) totally isolated ganglion preparations. Statistical analysis of the photoreceptor activity included average frequency, average interval, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, interval histograms, auto-expectation density, and cross-expectation density. Results showed that the average influence of the mechanoreceptor synapses on the photoreceptors during a period of several seconds was inhibitory, strong on the contralateral and weak on the ipsilateral side.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Assessment of Commercial Process Simulation Software for Compression Moulding of Sheet Moulding Compound

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie Cheng Qian ◽  
Abhaye Deshpande ◽  
Mona Jesri ◽  
Richard Groves ◽  
Neil Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Process Simulation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Constitutive Material Model ◽  
Injection Moulding Process ◽  
Moulding Compound ◽  
Sheet Moulding Compound

With a growing interest in the application of carbon fibre Sheet Moulding Compound (SMC), a number of commercial software packages have been developed for the simulation of compression moulding of SMC. While these packages adopt different algorithms and meshing strategies, the constitutive material model and processing control are usually adapted from injection moulding process simulation. Little has been done in the literature for assessing the capabilities of these software as design tools, and more importantly, validating the process simulation results using experimental data. This paper aims to provide an independent and comprehensive assessment of existing well-known process simulation software for SMC compression moulding. The selected software will be compared in terms of material models, and available processing settings in order to determine their robustness as a compression moulding design tool. The predictive accuracy of the software will also be assessed by comparing the compression force and filling patterns against the experimental data.

Understanding the Role of Surface Active Substances in Flotation Deinking Mills by Coupling Surfactant and Ink Balance With Process Simulation

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Davide Beneventi ◽  
Elisa Zenob ◽  
Bruno Carréb ◽  
Jérémy Allixb ◽  
Patrice Nortiera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Process Simulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Functional Additives ◽  
Paper Sizing ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Active Substances

Surfactants are largely present in papermaking/recycling processes. They are added intentionally or come with raw materials or process/functional additives. Once they have reached the process, they build-up in the circuits and, depending on their surface activity and concentration, they can have adverse effects on deinking and on the whole papermaking process, such as excessive frothing, depression of ink floatability, and paper sizing/retention difficulties. In this paper, the removal of apparent surface active chemicals (ASAASAASAC) is first evaluated in different flotation deinking mills through mass balances using surface tension measurements and a specific methodology. Mill data show that, in two-stage deinking lines, ASAASAASAC are slightly concentrated in the second stage, contributing to an increase in pulp frothing behavior, in flotation loss, and in some cases to a low ink removal efficiency. Trends observed in deinking mills are then interpreted using experimental data obtained at the laboratory scale in the presence of a model surfactant, and by process simulation. The effect of ASAASAASAC concentration on the efficiency of the flotation deinking process is explained in terms of their effect on particle and water transport sub processes, namely, flotation, entrainment, frothing, and drainage.

scholarly journals MORTALITY IN THE CHILDREN OF ATOMIC BOMB SURVIVORS AND CONTROLS

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-326
Author(s):  
James V Neel ◽  
Hiroo Kato ◽  
William J Schull
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Experience ◽  
Average Interval ◽  
Atomic Bomb Survivors ◽  
Parental Exposure ◽  
Doubling Dose ◽  
Suitable Group

ABSTRACT A continuing study of mortality rates among children born to survivors of the atomic bombings and a suitable group of controls has been updated; the average interval between birth and verification of death or survival is 17 years. The mortality experience is now based on 18,946 children liveborn to parents one or both of whom were proximally exposed, receiving jointly an estimated dose of 117 rem; 16,516 children born to distally exposed parents receiving essentially no radiation; and 17,263 children born to parents not in Hiroshima or Nagasaki at the time of the bombings. No clearly significant effect of parental exposure on child's survival can be demonstrated either by a contingency χ2 type of analysis or regression analysis. On the basis of the regression data, the minimal gametic doubling dose of radiation of this type for mutations resulting in death during (on the average) the first 17 years of life among liveborn infants conceived 0–13 years after parental exposure is estimated at 46 rem for fathers and 125 rem for mothers. On the basis of experimental data, the gametic doubling dose for chronic, low-level radiation would be expected to be three to four times this value for males and as much as 1000 rem for females.

scholarly journals Asymmetry of nanoparticle inheritance upon cell division: Effect on the coefficient of variation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242547
Author(s):  
Tim Lijster ◽  
Christoffer Åberg
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Daughter Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Assessment ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Characteristic Evolution

Several previous studies have shown that when a cell that has taken up nanoparticles divides, the nanoparticles are inherited by the two daughter cells in an asymmetrical fashion, with one daughter cell receiving more nanoparticles than the other. This interesting observation is typically demonstrated either indirectly using mathematical modelling of high-throughput experimental data or more directly by imaging individual cells as they divide. Here we suggest that measurements of the coefficient of variation (standard deviation over mean) of the number of nanoparticles per cell over the cell population is another means of assessing the degree of asymmetry. Using simulations of an evolving cell population, we show that the coefficient of variation is sensitive to the degree of asymmetry and note its characteristic evolution in time. As the coefficient of variation is readily measurable using high-throughput techniques, this should allow a more rapid experimental assessment of the degree of asymmetry.

Firing Variability Is Higher than Deduced from the Empirical Coefficient of Variation

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1944-1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Ditlevsen ◽  
Petr Lansky
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Interspike Intervals ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Empirical Standard Deviation ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Empirical Standard

A convenient and often used summary measure to quantify the firing variability in neurons is the coefficient of variation (CV), defined as the standard deviation divided by the mean. It is therefore important to find an estimator that gives reliable results from experimental data, that is, the estimator should be unbiased and have low estimation variance. When the CV is evaluated in the standard way (empirical standard deviation of interspike intervals divided by their average), then the estimator is biased, underestimating the true CV, especially if the distribution of the interspike intervals is positively skewed. Moreover, the estimator has a large variance for commonly used distributions. The aim of this letter is to quantify the bias and propose alternative estimation methods. If the distribution is assumed known or can be determined from data, parametric estimators are proposed, which not only remove the bias but also decrease the estimation errors. If no distribution is assumed and the data are very positively skewed, we propose to correct the standard estimator. When defining the corrected estimator, we simply use that it is more stable to work on the log scale for positively skewed distributions. The estimators are evaluated through simulations and applied to experimental data from olfactory receptor neurons in rats.

Process Simulation of Dual Fluidized Bed Gasifiers Using Experimental Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 4017-4033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Alamia ◽  
Henrik Thunman ◽  
Martin Seemann
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Process Simulation ◽  
Dual Fluidized Bed

scholarly journals Adsorption of cellulases onto sugar beet shreds and modeling of the experimental data

2014 ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Darjana Ivetic ◽  
Radovan Omorjan ◽  
Mirjana Antov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Steam Pretreatment ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Adsorption Models ◽  
Adsorbed Proteins ◽  
Process Productivity

This study investigated the adsorption of cellulases onto sugar beet shreds. The experiments were carried out using untreated, as well as dried and not dried dilute acid and steam pretreated sugar beet shreds at different initial enzyme loads. Both dilute acid and steam pretreatment were beneficial in respect of cellulases adsorption providing 8 and 9 times higher amounts of adsorbed proteins, respectively, in comparison to the results obtained with the untreated substrate. Although the use of higher solids load enabled by drying of pretreated substrates, could be beneficial for process productivity, at the same time it decreases the adsorption of enzymes. The obtained experimental data were fitted to five adsorption models, and the Langmuir model having the lowest residual sum of squares was used for the determination of adsorption parameters which were used to calculate the strength of cellulases binding to the substrates.

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