PROTECTIVE FOREST PLANTATIONS OF THE EASTERN REGIONS OF VOLGA OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

Reclamation of land on community land funds and the hydrographic network contributes to the most effective means of protecting the soil from water erosion. However, the condition, growth, and productivity of the protective forest stands themselves depend on the species composition. Many years of studies have clearly shown that not all tree species and shrubs can successfully grow on washed soils. Extensive scientific material provides a description of the growth and current status of the studied species, a detailed taxation description of the forest plantations. Of particular value are those species that can grow on eroded lands and protect the soil from erosion.

The history of the study of mycobiota in West Kazakhstan region

BULLETIN of the L N Gumilyov Eurasian National University BIOSCIENCE Series ◽

10.32523/2616-7034-2021-136-3-26-34 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 136 (3) ◽

pp. 26-34

Author(s):

S.A. Abiev ◽

◽

T.E. Darbayeva ◽

A.N. Sarsenova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Vital Role ◽

Convention On Biological Diversity ◽

Limited Information ◽

The West ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

History Of ◽

The Republic ◽

West Kazakhstan

The Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) considers conservation, research and conservation as a guarantee of ecosystem sustainability. One of the most pressing problems in the Republic of Kazakhstan is the conservation of biodiversity and the rational use of biological resources. Fungi as heterotrophic organisms play a vital role in the functioning of any ecosystem. Although the fungi depend on plants, leaning towards sufficiently closed connections with certain plant communities, plant communities, in turn, are not able to exist without fungi. The study of macromycetes as components of biogeocenosis, is impossible without studying their species composition. The lack of information about macromycetes in the regions under study prevents not only the diversification and exhaustion of the study of the corresponding ecosystem and the development of a comprehensive approach to the protection of natural resources in the department. Especially limited information about the microflora of the West Kazakhstan region, the introduction of only episodic data requires a review of the history of the study of mycobiotics. This is evidenced by the materials provided in this article.

Vegetation and Flora of the Sand Deposits of the Mississippi River Valley in Northwestern Illinois

Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin ◽

10.21900/j.inhs.v37.122 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 37 (1-6) ◽

pp. 191-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

John E. Ebinger ◽

Loy R. Phillippe ◽

Randy W. Nÿboer ◽

William E. McClain ◽

Daniel T. Busmeyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Mississippi River ◽

Vascular Plant ◽

Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽

Forest Communities ◽

Natural Areas ◽

Important Species ◽

Nature Preserve ◽

Dry Sand

This study was undertaken to determine vascular plant species composition, vegetation structure, and floristic quality of the major plant communities in the windblown sand deposits of northwestern Illinois during the growing seasons of 2002 through 2005. The major plant communities of the Ayers Sand Prairie Nature Preserve in Carroll County, Big River State Forest in Henderson County, Lost Mound Unit of the Upper Mississippi River Wildlife and Fish Refuge in Carroll and Jo Daviess counties, and the Thomson-Fulton Sand Prairie Nature Preserve located in Whiteside County were examined and the importance values determined for the plant species present. Located on broad terraces of the Mississippi River, these nature preserves and natural areas are remnants of a larger grassland/savanna/forest complex that contained extensive marsh; wet, mesic, and dry sand prairie; sand savanna; and sand forest communities. Most of the sand deposits are now cultivated and the original vegetation is found only in protected remnants, some of which are relatively large. The mature dry sand prairies were dominated by Schizachyrium scoparium; other important species were Opuntia macrorhiza, Dichanthelium villosissimum, Ambrosia psilostachya, and Tephrosia virginiana. Other assemblages of prairie and exotic species were encountered in successional sand prairie communities. Generally, the mature prairie communities in these preserves and natural areas had 35 or more species present in the study plots. Savanna and closed canopy forest communities were also examined. The dry sand savannas were dominated by Quercus velutina and Q. marilandica, dry sand forests were dominated by Q. velutina, and dry-mesic sand forests were dominated by Q. alba and Q. velutina.

Roślinność wieloletnich nieużytków miejskich – systematyka zbiorowisk, ich struktura i pełnione usługi ekosystemowe = Vegetation of perennial urban wastelands – syntaxonomy, structure and ecosystem services

Przegląd Geograficzny ◽

10.7163/przg.2021.3.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 341-363

Author(s):

Piotr Archiciński ◽

Piotr Sikorski ◽

Daria Sikorska ◽

Arkadiusz Przybysz

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Plant Species ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Green Space ◽

Urban Green Space ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Forest Communities ◽

Surface Cooling ◽

Urban Green

There is wide recognition that urban green space provides city residents with considerable benefits, inter alia of an environmental, economic and health-related profile. However, the different types of urban greenery include a rather large proportion taking the form of vegetation on abandoned sites that remain uncultivated, to the extent that a plant cover develops without much active human involvement. Almost by definition, there is only a poor level of recognition of the ecological potential such sites (here referred to as “informal green spaces” – IGS) enjoy, or of their capacity to render a variety of different ecosystem services. Against that background, the work presented here entailed in-depth study of the flora and plant communities present in Warsaw’s informal green spaces, the aim being to better ascertain their role in preserving biodiversity and delivering ecosystem services. Specifically, we identified the plant species composition present at 75 different locations within the urban green space of Poland’s capital city. To qualify for consideration, these sites had to be identified as entirely bereft of vegetation maintenance, or else only minimally subject to it, to the extent that it is largely processes of natural succession that are ongoing. The sites in fact range from wastelands with stabilised vegetation, via urban scrub and forest, through to non-forest habitats, sporadically cultivated and established over 20 years. We determined the density of vegetation present, and examined its structure in relation to various known classes of green space. We further determined the role of various vegetation types in rendering ecosystem services, be that surface cooling, substrate moisture maintenance or a capacity to remove particulate matter from the air. The informal green spaces we investigated are in fact found to comprise mainly-stable forest communities dominated by invasive species of tree (phytosociological Classes Robinietea and Salicetea purpureae), as well as non-forest communities (of Classes Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Epilobietea and Artemisietea) again largely dominated by invasive plant species. The level of biodiversity here is average, it mostly being common forest and non-forest species that are preserved. However, in exceptional cases, the habitats constituted here do support species rare on a regional scale. It emerges that the forest vegetation is of weakly-diversified structure, as a reflection of the specific strategy invasive species pursue as they form monospecific communities. As noted already, the vegetation of the informal green spaces is seen to be largely dominated by such invasive species. Nevertheless, despite their evidently limited role in preserving biodiversity, these sites represent such a high density and volume of vegetation that their provisioning of ecosystem services is on a high level, especially where forest plant communities are involved. Sites that have come to be dominated by invasive plant species are shown to render ecosystem services comparable with (or sometimes even surpassing) those provided by native species, and this is especially the case when it comes to the removal of particulate matter from air and the exerting of a cooling effect.

Ecological and economic basis of anti-erosion stability of forest-agrarian landscapes

Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology ◽

10.15421/111868 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 444-452

Author(s):

І. V. Koshkalda ◽

V. V. Tyshkovets ◽

A. A. Suska

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Economic Efficiency ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Nature Management ◽

Forest Plantations ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Ecological Economic ◽

Erosion Stability ◽

Protective Forest

The ecological and economic foundations of rational nature management in restoring various kinds of protective forest stands under conditions of severe damage and destruction of wood-shrubby species in the natural-climatic and economic zones of the country were developed. It was determined that using traditional methods of restoration of protective forest plantations in many cases is no longer acceptable due to different levels of damage and substantial changes to economic entities on Earth. However, the main methodological approaches remain. A new methodological approach to restoring forests on the basis of constant adaptation of the existing methodologies for the design and calculation of economic efficiency of new plantings and new ecological-economic conditions and peculiarities has been developed. Certainly ,numerousincorrectly planned forest stands have been created that do not sufficiently fulfill their ecological and economic functions and do not even have a general system of protection of the soil from negative factors. For effective regeneration of plants we have developed a formula for calculating the erosion stability of forest-agrarian landscapes for their optimal recovery through forest shelterbelts. We have developed new features of design and calculation of ecological and economic efficiency of newly created forest ameliorative spaces with new natural-economic conditions for their sustainable regeneration under modern conditions. The transition to environmentally sustainable agriculture of European standards requires fundamentally new solutions to the problem of using forest stands as an organizational component of ameliorative complexes in the context of soil erosion control measures. Soil erosion is one of the main factors of anthropogenic impact on land resources. Intensification of erosion processes leads to substantial degradation of soils, causing great losses to agriculture and generally endangers the safe development of mankind. As long as the process of degradation of the soil continues , the agroecological condition deteriorates and the increased application of mineral and organic fertilizers fails to improve the crop volume , insofar as the crop yield is formed mainly due to the natural soil fertility. In the process of research, we discovered that the expansion of the front intake surface runoff in forestry plantings allows one to increase their effective water-regulative functions. Such an event has a certain practical value, because a large proportion of forest shelterbelts even in satisfactory condition only perform their functionsat 20-30%. Taking into account the indicators of ameliorative-hydrological stress and counter-erosion stability of landscapes in locations of planted forest stands proved to be the most effective method of strengthening the initial contact with runoff ("active") plots .This provides is a unique chance to optimize the ecological economic system of protective forest plantations , especially in newly formed agricultural enterprises under new economic conditions.

Regulation of increase of biodiversity of woody plants in protective forest plantings of the Volga region

World Ecology Journal ◽

10.25726/nm.2018.2.2.005 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 46-59

Author(s):

А.В. СЕМЕНЮТИНА ◽

И.П. СВИНЦОВ ◽

А.Ш. ХУЖАХМЕТОВА ◽

В.А. СЕМЕНЮТИНА

Keyword(s):

Gene Pool ◽

Woody Plants ◽

Volga Region ◽

Forest Plantations ◽

Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽

Arid Conditions ◽

Protective Forest ◽

Academy Of Sciences ◽

Trees And Shrubs ◽

Selection Of

Защитное лесоразведение в засушливых условиях Поволжья связано с использованием интродуцированных древесных растений. Несмотря на большой опыт защитного лесоразведения, состояние всех видов насаждений в регионе нельзя считать удовлетворительным. Причины: ошибки в подборе деревьев и кустарников, в оценке генофонда, в разработке ассортимента. Отсутствие научно обоснованного регламента повышения биоразнообразия древесных растений в защитных лесных насаждениях Поволжья приводит к инвазиям. На примере коллекционных дендрологических участков (Волгоградская, Самарская области) приведены материалы по выявлению потенциальных рисков последствий интродукции для повышения биоразнообразия защитных лесных насаждений. Цель – научное обоснование регламента подбора интродуцированных деревьев и кустарников для повышения биоразнообразия защитных лесных насаждений в засушливых условиях. Разработанный регламент обогащения дендрофлоры включает алгоритм количественного и качественного улучшения ассортимента и выбор лучшего варианта из возможных с использованием кластерного подхода, системы методов и критериев. Для выполнения поставленных задач научно-исследовательские работы были сконцентрированы на биоресурсах деревьев и кустарников объектов Федерального научного центра агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук (ранее ВНИАЛМИ) и его филиалов. Генофонд деревьев и кустарников представлен 700 таксонами. В статье обосновано использование в защитных лесных насаждениях Поволжья интродуцентов многоцелевого назначения (родовые комплексы семейств Rosaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Oleaceae, Fabaceae). Представлен реестр родов экономически важных семейств коллекционного фонда. Они обладают адаптивностью, включают экономически важные группы. Расширение биоразнообразия древесной растительности защитных лесных насаждений посредством введения кустарников различных форм роста (высоких, средних, низких) способствуют улучшению экологических условий и сохранению биологического разнообразия ландшафтов. Представлены материалы мониторинга дендрологических коллекций и экспериментальных популяций, образующих самосев. Установлено, что при конструировании защитных лесных насаждений различного целевого назначения необходимо использовать разнообразие перспективных и экономически важных деревьев и кустарников (лесомелиоративных, декоративных, плодово-ягодных, медоносных, лекарственных). Для лесомелиоративного обустройства деградированных экосистем рекомендовано 168 видов деревьев и кустарников. Для создания насаждений на малопродуктивных землях внедряется 90 видов интродуцированных кустарников многоцелевого назначения. Прогноз перспективности генофонда древесных растений для защитного лесоразведения базируется на многолетнем агроэкологическом мониторинге родовых комплексов дендрологических коллекций Федерального научного центра агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук и включает создание фонда посадочного материала древесных видов с учетом экологичности, хозяйственной пригодности и инновационной привлекательности. Protective afforestation in the arid conditions of the Volga region is associated with the use of introduced woody plants. Despite the great experience of protective afforestation, the condition of all types of plantings in the region cannot be considered satisfactory. Reasons: errors in the selection of trees and shrubs, in the evaluation of the gene pool, in the development of the assortment. The lack of scientifically sound regulations for increasing the biodiversity of woody plants in the protective forest plantations of the Volga region leads to invasions. On the example of collections dendrology plots (Volgograd and Samara regions), materials are provided to identify potential risks of the consequences of introductions to enhance the biodiversity of protective forest plantings. The goal is the scientific substantiation of the regulations for the selection of introduced trees and shrubs to enhance the biodiversity of protective forest plantations in arid conditions. The developed procedure for enriching dendroflora includes an algorithm for quantitative and qualitative improvement of the assortment and the choice of the best option possible with the use of a cluster approach, a system of methods and criteria. To carry out the tasks set, the research work was concentrated on the bioresources of trees and shrubs of the facilities of the Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of Russian Academy of Sciences (formerly VNIALMI) and its branches. The genefond of trees and shrubs is represented by 700 taxa. The article substantiates the use of multi-purpose plants in protective forest plantations (Rosaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Oleaceae, Fabaceae) of the Volga region. The register of genera of economically important families of the collections fund is presented. They have adaptability, they include economically important groups. Expanding the biodiversity of tree vegetation of protective forest plantations through the introduction of shrubs of various forms of growth (high, medium, low) contribute to improving environmental conditions and preserving the biodiversity of landscapes. Materials of monitoring dendrological collections and experimental populations that form sowing of young plants are present. It is established that when designing protective forest plantings for various special purposes, it is necessary to use a variety of perspective and economically important trees and shrubs (forest meliorative, ornamental, fruit and berry, honey, medicinal). For forest reclamation of degraded ecosystems, 168 species of trees and shrubs are recommended. For the creation of plantings on unproductive land, 90 species of introduced shrubs of multi-purpose use are being introduced. The forecast of the perspective of the gene pool of woody plants for protective afforestation is based on long-term agroecological monitoring of the generic complexes of dendrological collections of the Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of Russian Academy of Sciences, and includes the creation of a stock of planting material for tree species, taking into account environmental friendliness, economic suitability and innovative attractiveness.

Comparative analysis of two approaches to large-scale mapping of forest vegetation in the Southern Nechernozemye of Russia

Geobotanical mapping ◽

10.31111/geobotmap/2020.3 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 3-23

Author(s):

Yu. A. Semenishchenkov ◽

R. S. Korsikov

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Large Scale ◽

Forest Vegetation ◽

Indigenous Species ◽

Forest Communities ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Edaphic Conditions ◽

Floristic Classification ◽

Forest Conditions

The results of the comparative analysis of traditional forest typology data and the data of floristic classification by the J. Braun-Blanquet approach for large-scale mapping of forest vegetation from the Southern Nechernozemye of Russia are presented. 3 model forest areas located in the forestries in borders of different botanic-geographical districts with specific climatic and edaphic conditions have been chosen to make the comparative analysis of cartographic materials (Bryansk and Smolensk Regions). A comparison of existing afforestation plans and created geobotanical maps demonstrates the difference in the number of recognized typological units. In all cases, a smaller number of units are noted for the geobotanical maps with a scale 1 : 25 000. A decrease in the number of typological units can be explain by the lack of information on the age of tree stands. Another reason is, probably, the assignment of some forest stands with the predominance of different indigenous species to a single association. However, the same typological units, distinguished by the predominance of tree species, may correspond to different units of floristic classification, which may increase the number of typological units on the geobotanical map. Some features of the Braun-Blanquet approach such as the allocation of units, primarily based on a comparison of the floristic composition of plant communities, allows attributing both natural stands and forest cultures to a single syntaxon. This also reduces the number of typological units on the geobotanical map. The plans of afforestation show the present-day species composition and the age of the studied stands, but the dynamic interrelations of forest communities are not reflected there. Therefore, it is more effective to reflect the dynamics of vegetation of forest communities in accordance with the methodology adopted when creating geobotanical maps. In this case, the succession state of communities and their links to classification units of higher ranks has been taken into account by the allocation of temporary facies with the predominance of small-leaved species at the site of indigenous broad-leaved or coniferous forests. The deductive approach with the identification of non-rank «communities» also makes it possible to separate into separate syntaxa and time-unstable, unformed or poorly floristic communities. Typically, such forests are formed by coniferous cultures in the zone of deciduous forests. The unformed «semi-forest» communities in the lowland swamps are also placed into the same category. They are often formed after felling, initiating or intensifying bogging under conditions of fluctuating moisture. The use of a single colorimetric scheme for forest stands in different climatic and edaphic conditions, reflected in the TLU (forest conditions) system, can be considered not quite correct. Stands with the predominance of the same species can correspond to different zonal-conditioned TLUs. At the same time, communities of some syntaxomomical taxa of floristic classification can be formed in different TLUs and their diversity corresponds to the width of the ecological amplitude of the types of plant communities. The more stenotopic communities, the smaller number of TLUs corresponding to their habitats. The afforestation plans and geobotanical maps can be used by different ways in forestry. The traditional afforestation plans are widely used in forestry planning. However, the geobotanical map supplemented with information on the dynamic relationships of stands allows making more efficient prediction of scenarios of forest stand development under known forest conditions. In addition, cartographic materials on the proposed geobotanical basis reflect the general botanical and geographical trends of vegetation, and the syntaxa of the floristic classification always have a certain chorological content, thus, they can be used as zonal-climatic indicators. This feature is reflected in their compliance with TLU, which are specifically distinguished for different natural zones.

The Structure of Plant Communities of Fallow Land in the System of Protective Forest Plantations in Dry Steppes

Arid Ecosystems ◽

10.1134/s2079096115040058 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 63-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. N. Kulik ◽

A. M. Pugacheva

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Forest Plantations ◽

Fallow Land ◽

Dry Steppes ◽

Protective Forest

Establishing sustainable roadside vegetation communities of high botanical and aesthetic value: the basic concept statement and experimental justification

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Biological Series ◽

10.29235/1029-8940-2019-64-2-238-254 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 238-254

Author(s):

I. P. Voznyachuk ◽

N. B. Vlasava ◽

I. M. Stepanovich ◽

A. T. Godneva ◽

V. N. Reshetnikov

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Management Practices ◽

Native Plant ◽

Aesthetic Value ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

Native Flora ◽

Roadside Vegetation ◽

The Republic ◽

Mowing Regime

The basic principles for the development of a new greening system for the region of Belarus aimed at creation and restoration of sustainable roadside plant communities of high botanical and aesthetic value are formulated on the basis of the use of conservation, restoration and “incorporation” methods of flowering native plant species, characteristic of a particular region. The statements of the concept are developed and recommended for roadways and highways in the Republic of Belarus and tested on the model site between the city of Myadel and the resort village of Naroch of Highway P28. Roadside vegetation management practices in other countries as well as our research has shown that along the investigated roads there is a high adaptive potential of native flora; by changing the mowing regime, sustainable plant communities can be established while enhancing the aesthetics and expressiveness of key elements of the landscape of the roadsides. The implementation of the strategy for each geobotanical region depends on the development of an assortment of native plant species that can be used for the greening of roadside areas. This should be done by taking into account their geobotanical and edaphic features, creation of a seed bank for grass mixtures, the formation of natural genetic reserves (field banks) of meadow flora to conserve the local and overall ecosystem and genetic balance. For examples, the atlas of plants “Roadside flowers” developed for the National Park “Narochansky” is recommended for use in roadsides (verges) greening within the boundaries of the Oshmyany– Minsk geobotanical district. To expand the use of gained positive experience on increasing the biodiversity of roadside ecosystems and reducing the cost of their maintenance, it is desirable to implement this strategy for the entire road network of Belarus, which will require adjustment in technologies for managing roadside ecosystems, based on priorities of conservation, restoration and formation of native plant communities, including meadows and wetlands.

Climate indicators for forest landing and evaluation of forest shelterbelts

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202122702004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 227 ◽

pp. 02004

Author(s):

Maftuna Begimova

Keyword(s):

Wind Erosion ◽

Forest Plantations ◽

Additional Information ◽

Climate Indicators ◽

Thematic Mapping ◽

Shelter Belts ◽

The Republic ◽

Protective Forest ◽

Global Food ◽

Forest Shelter Belts

Forest shelter belts are one of the effective approaches in the fight against wind erosion, improving the microclimate of fields, protecting roads and reservoirs. The problem of assessing forest plantations and prospects for their creation is relevant for many countries of the world, due to the problem of desertification, water and wind erosion, as well as the global food crisis. The carried out analysis of scientific literature has shown that the existing assessments of forest shelter belts with insufficient degree are being taken into account the modern methods of remote sensing.Therefore, the problem of assessing forest shelterbelts from satellite imagery is relevant.The main part and research results. During the summer period of 2019, in the territory of the protective forest plantations of Fergana Valley of the Republic of Uzbekistan there were laid 170 testing plots. Then 20 test sites, which were used as reference for thematic mapping, there were laid with the collection of additional information: location coordinates and bookmark location.The purpose of the study is to assess the area of forest shelter belts zones of the Republic of Uzbekistan using remote sensing.The object of the study is forest shelter belts of Fergana Valley of the Republic of Uzbekistan.