scholarly journals Unloading the Judicial System in Kazakhstan? Alternative Ways of Resolving Individual Labour Disputes

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 275-296
Author(s):  
Zhanna Amangeldinovna Khamzina ◽  
Yermek Buribayev ◽  
Kuralay Turlykhankyzy ◽  
Zhanar Moldakhmetova ◽  
Bakhytkali Koshpenbetov ◽  
...  

The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for the modernization of the judicial form of protection of social and labour rights and interests of the individual. We are testing the hypothesis about the priority and universality of the judicial form of protection of rights in relation to other ways of applying for the restoration of violated labour interests; we assess access to justice as a criterion for the effectiveness of the judicial form of protection. The main method is a desk study of law enforcement practice, reports related to the functioning in Kazakhstan of a judicial form of protection of the social and labour rights of an individual, also the method of analysis of documents and statistical data of courts, a survey of examples of the best foreign practice in the work of specialized courts, and an analysis of international universal standards of access to justice in social and labour disputes.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Sankalp Mishra

There is a need for the establishment of regional benches of the Supreme Court. By the analysis of various statistical data, the paper puts forward the urgent need for widening the reach of the Supreme Court and also to rejuvenate and reestablish the tarnishing reputation of the Supreme Court as an ordinary court of appeal. The paper explores the essential reasons for the establishment of benches of Supreme Court that can be broadly divided into three heads namely (i) wide access to justice (ii) Supreme Court reduced to an ordinary court of appeal (iii) litigation as a measure of well-being. The paper also analyses the recommendations laid out in the 95th, 120th, 125th and 229th Law Commission reports and analyses problem in hand, on the basis of analysis and the immediate need for the reform of the judicial system.


Author(s):  
Александр Сергеевич Руденко ◽  
Дамир Маратович Апкаев

Личность преступника, совершившего преступление против половой неприкосновенности и половой свободы, требует разработки рекомендаций с учетом особенностей личности с целью обеспечения эффективности осуществления мер по профилактике преступлений. Результаты этого исследования обосновывают выводы о необходимости сбора и систематизации знаний об осужденных, совершивших преступления против половой неприкосновенности и половой свободы. Изучены наиболее актуальные вопросы, дается их оценка, предлагаются рекомендации, которые могут потребоваться в правоохранительной практике. Раскрыта социально-демографическая характеристика лиц, совершивших преступление против половой неприкосновенности и половой свободы. В статье рассматривается характеристика личности осужденного, совершившего преступление против половой неприкосновенности личности на основе анализа статистических данных Судебного департамента при Верховном суде РФ за 2018-2020 гг. В работе использовались аналитический и статистический методы исследования. Исследованы особенности рода занятий и социальное положение осужденных за преступления против половой неприкосновенности и половой свободы личности. Анализ научной литературы позволил выявить ряд вопросов, которые вызывают дискуссию. Во многих работах отмечается низкий образовательный и культурный уровень лиц, совершающих сексуальные преступления. The identity of a criminal who has committed a crime against sexual integrity and sexual freedom requires the development of recommendations, taking into account the characteristics of the individual, in order to ensure the effectiveness of measures to prevent crime. The results of this study substantiate the conclusions about the need to collect and systematize knowledge about convicts who have committed crimes against sexual integrity and sexual freedom. The most relevant issues are studied, their assessment is given, and recommendations that may be required in law enforcement practice are offered. The article reveals the socio-demographic characteristics of persons who have committed a crime against sexual integrity and sexual freedom. The article examines the characteristics of the personality of a convicted person who committed a crime against the sexual integrity of the person based on the analysis of statistical data of the Judicial Department under the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for 2018-2020.. Analytical and statistical methods of research were used in the work. The features of the occupation and social status of those convicted of crimes against sexual integrity and sexual freedom of the individual are investigated. The analysis of the scientific literature revealed a number of issues that cause discussion. Many studies note the low educational and cultural level of the perpetrators of sexual crimes.


Africa ◽  
1943 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Brownlee

Opening ParagraphWith some previous knowledge of these people I had expected to ascertain on inquiry that they had a set if simple form of government and something more or less regular in their group and tribal organization, whereas I find that there is no cohesion or co-operation between groups or collections of groups, chieftainship hardly exists, and there is little or nothing in the way of a judicial system. What may have been custom seems to have been replaced to a great extent by habit and impulse, the interest of the individual is paramount to the exclusion of the good of the community—in short their mode of life, in spite of what may be said cf co-operative food quest, is the most complete expression of individualism, and any man who in astuteness and cunning, bravery and endurance, or in other similar qualities shows himself to be ahead of his fellows becomes their unacknowledged leader.


Author(s):  
Yuliya Viktorovna Paukova

The subject of this research is the legislative provisions on undesirability stay (residence) of foreign citizens and stateless persons in Russia, as well as the established law enforcement practice. The object this research is the social relations developed in the process of rendering decisions by the federal executive authorities on undesirability of stay (residence) and their enforcement. The goal of this work consists in formulation of recommendations on reforming the institution of undesirability of stay (residence) of foreign citizens and stateless persons in Russia in the conditions of digitalization of the government actions. The article examines the grounds for making decisions on undesirability of stay (residence) of foreign citizens in Russia, the powers of the departments, and the consequences of decisions made on foreign citizens and stateless persons. Substantiation is made on the need for changes in the grounds for decision-making on undesirability of stay (residence) of foreign citizens in Russia. The author proposes the development and implementation of the “Automated System of Migration Control” using the advanced computer technologies based on the “rating” of a foreign citizen or stateless person. Such system will determine the period for restricting entry with consideration of all circumstances pertaining to the individual and crimes they committed. It is recommended to legislate the possibility of annulment of a decision on undesirability of stay (if the grounds thereof no longer exist) or suspension (if, for example, a stateless person has been issued a “temporary identification document of a stateless person”).


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Oleg A. Tarnavsky ◽  
Ladmila V. Bormotova

The level of public confidence in the law enforcement and judicial system leaves much to be desired from year to year, citizens are increasingly showing contempt for the laws and refuse to promote justice. This is due to a number of reasons that lie not only in the plane of this discussion. Meanwhile, it is obvious that punitive measures of influence do not have the proper effect in the absence of concern on the part of the state about its citizens who have been subjected to criminal influence. Analysis from the point of view of the prospects of the article subjected to all the existing forms of redress. As a result, the authors came to the conclusion that it is necessary to simplify the methods of compensation of harm on the way to the construction of restorative criminal justice in our country. The interests of the individual and the state in modern criminal proceedings are increasingly consistent with the two most promising in the opinion of the authors of the article forms of compensation for harm: voluntary compensation for harm to the accused and/or state compensation.


Author(s):  
Valeriy Bilichenko

The article presents the concept of extreme situation and the factors that characterize it. The content and principles of preparation of police officers for solving operational and service tasks in conditions related to extreme situations are considered. The need to improve the social behavior of police officers in the context of mass events of citizens in recent years has been growing steadily. This is due to the processes of transformation in the political, economic, social and spiritual life of people, which have a significant impact on the formation of civil society, ensuring the rights and freedoms of the population. As part of these processes, there are changes in the police, not least related to increasing the level of socio-psychological competence of police units, the formation of a positive image of the police officer in the eyes of the population. Not every personal problem, intrapersonal or interpersonal conflict, feelings of crisis inevitably lead to stress. Stress resistance is determined by a set of personality qualities that allow you to tolerate significant intellectual, volitional and emotional loads (mental stability); perform their professional tasks with good psychosomatic health; to have a stable worldview and to be a believer; perform a certain social role and have an appropriate level of culture of their society (psychological stability of the individual). Analysis of materials on the practice of law enforcement shows that in order to respond calmly and reasonably to the aggressive actions and abuse of the crowd and soberly take into account the situation, a police officer needs not only mental and physical effort, but also knowledge of human behavior in crowd, the mechanism of its formation and mode of action, the role of each type of participants in the riots, stereotypes of their actions in extreme conditions. Depends on ensuring their personal safety and the safety of citizens, as well as the success of a specific job. The essence of the psyche is reflection. The psyche is a subjective image of the objective world, an ideal (immaterial) reflection of reality. Psychological stability of employees of special divisions influences comprehensive and effective disclosure of crimes.


2021 ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Н.В. Шевелева

Защита детей от жестокости, предупреждение преступлений против них является чрезвычайно важной, социально значимой и актуальной задачей, решение которой носит междисциплинарный характер. В деятельность по пресечению насилия должны вовлекаться работники правоохранительной системы, органов опеки и попечительства, представители социальной и педагогической сообществ, сотрудники медицинской и психологической служб. Однако чаще всего усилия по созданию эффективной системы профилактики и пресечения насилия в отношении детей, оказания помощи жертвам жестокого обращения разбивающихся через препятствия, из числа: ведомственная ограниченность и межведомственная разобщенность, субъективизм в выборе негосударственных организаций для сотрудничества, отсутствие единых методических и системных подходов в организации профилактической работы; игнорирование профилактической направленности в работе с детьми и семьей; отсутствие законодательных норм и правоприменительной практики по защите и реабилитации жертв, что усугубляется правовой неграмотность и недоверием населения к правоохранительным органам, низкими материальными доходами, которые не позволяют обращаться за квалифицированной юридической помощью; несформированностью у педагогических, полицейских, социальных, медицинских работников навыков общения с жертвой, что ведет к сокрытию или замалчиванию фактов насилия, особенно при отсутствии личной заинтересованности взрослого в наказании обидчика и реабилитации пострадавшего от домашнего насилия; отсутствие эффективно действующей и целесообразно организованной реабилитационной системы. На основании историко-педагогического анализа выявлены ведущие положения вариативных концепций психолого-педагогической ресоциализации семей с детьми, пережившими насилие. Представлена авторская модель психолого-педагогический ресоциализации семей из группы социального риска, в том числе с детьми – жертвами насилия, особенности которой связаны с: 1) опорой на системно-деятельностный, личностно-ориентированный подходы; 2) использованием ведущих теоретических положений семейной педагогики, технологий ресоциализации детей, перенесших насилие, закономерностей гармонизации человека и общества, социально-педагогической поддержки личности в процессе социализации и самореализации и др. и принципы коррекционно-педагогической деятельности; 4) ориентацией содержательно-технологического компонента на индивидуальные особенности семьи и ребенка, психоэмоционального состояния каждого участника группы; использование определенного алгоритма совокупности интерактивных методов взаимодействия, арттерапии в рамках индивидуального, группового и коллективного режимах; 5) применением психолого-педагогического мониторинга, выявляющего сформированность детско-родительских отношений, моральных представлений, направленных на выявления уровня тревожности и агрессивности, развитие коммуникативных навыков и социальной адаптации. The protection of children from cruelty and the prevention of crimes against them is an extremely important, socially significant and urgent task, the solution of which is interdisciplinary. Employees of the law enforcement system, guardianship and guardianship authorities, representatives of the social and pedagogical communities, employees of medical and psychological services should be involved in the activities to prevent violence. However, most often, efforts to create an effective system for the prevention and suppression of violence against children, providing assistance to victims of abuse who break through obstacles, are among the following:: departmental limitations and interdepartmental disunity, subjectivity in the choice of non-governmental organizations for cooperation, the lack of unified methodological and systematic approaches in the organization of preventive work; ignoring the preventive orientation in working with children and families; the lack of legal norms and law enforcement practices for the protection and rehabilitation of victims, which is compounded by legal illiteracy and distrust of the population to law enforcement agencies, low material incomes that do not allow you to apply for qualified legal assistance; lack of educational, police, social, and medical skills of communication with the victim, which leads to concealment or silence of the facts of violence, especially in the absence of personal interest of an adult in punishing the offender and rehabilitating the victim of domestic violence; the lack of an effective and reasonably organized rehabilitation system. Based on the historical and pedagogical analysis, the leading positions of the variable concepts of psychological and pedagogical re-socialization of families with children who have experienced violence are revealed. The author's model of psychological and pedagogical re-socialization of families from the social risk group, including those with child victims of violence, is presented, the features of which are associated with: 1) reliance on system-activity, personality-oriented approaches; 2) using the leading theoretical provisions of family pedagogy, technologies of resocialization of children who have suffered violence, laws of harmonization of a person and society, socio-pedagogical support of the individual in the process of socialization and self-realization, etc. and the principles of correctional and pedagogical activity; 4) orientation of the content and technological component to the individual characteristics of the family and the child, the psycho-emotional state of each group member; the use of a certain algorithm of a set of interactive methods of interaction, art therapy in the framework of individual, group and collective modes; 5) the use of psychological and pedagogical monitoring, which reveals the formation of child-parent relations, moral ideas, aimed at identifying the level of anxiety and aggression, the development of communication skills and social adaptation.


1964 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 493-501
Author(s):  
Robert E. Pittenger

The George Junior Republic is described, with emphasis on its comprehensive legal-judicial system which makes it an extraordinary laboratory for the study of jurisprudence. It is a school-treatment setting for adolescents (aged 13 to 21). The educational approach is one of providing a small community modelled after the larger society—a community in which young people may have practice in a wide range of adult experiences as they perform truly necessary social and personal functions. Here the junior citizen matures through the exercise of serious responsibilities which are not entrusted to him in the usual home or school. He must help run the executive, legislative and judicial branches of his own government. He seeks jobs, is hired and fired, is paid for his work in the Junior Republic's special currency with which, in turn, he must purchase all of the necessities of life at the Junior Republic, and out of which he must save for whatever luxuries he would like to enjoy. The rotation of roles, the comprehensive overview, and the learning by participation are discussed. The Junior Republic, as a microcosm of the Society, affords a learning situation of great value to the individual. It also furnished us a laboratory for the study of the Social Systems of our society.


1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Flament

This paper is concerned by a possible articulation between the diversity of individual opinions and the existence of consensus in social representations. It postulates the existence of consensual normative boundaries framing the individual opinions. A study by questionnaire about the social representations of the development of intelligence gives support to this notion.


2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Roxanne Christensen ◽  
LaSonia Barlow ◽  
Demetrius E. Ford

Three personal reflections provided by doctoral students of the Michigan School of Professional Psychology (Farmington Hills, Michigan) address identification of individual perspectives on the tragic events surrounding Trayvon Martin’s death. The historical ramifications of a culture-in-context and the way civil rights, racism, and community traumatization play a role in the social construction of criminals are explored. A justice orientation is applied to both the community and the individual via internal reflection about the unique individual and collective roles social justice plays in the outcome of these events. Finally, the personal and professional responses of a practitioner who is also a mother of minority young men brings to light the need to educate against stereotypes, assist a community to heal, and simultaneously manage the direct effects of such events on youth in society. In all three essays, common themes of community and growth are addressed from varying viewpoints. As worlds collided, a historical division has given rise to a present unity geared toward breaking the cycle of violence and trauma. The authors plead that if there is no other service in the name of this tragedy, let it at least contribute to the actualization of a society toward growth and healing.


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