scholarly journals Psychopathology structure of affective disturbances in patients with schizotypal disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
V. Pliekhov
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Treatment ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Affective Disturbances ◽  
Schizotypal Disorder

The study of the structural features of the psychopathological symptomatology of schizophrenic spectrum disorders remains one of the most urgent topics in modern psychiatry; schizotypal disorder deserves special attention in this context. In order to identify the structural characteristics of affective disturbances in patients with schizotypal disorder, during 2019-2020, aprospective study of 128 patients with schizotypal disorder who were on outpatient treatment was conducted. By using clinical-anamnestic, clinical-psychopathological, psychodiagnostic and statistical methods it was revealed, that affective pathology has a significant prevalence among patients with schizotypal disorder, in the vast majority of cases it is represented by unipolar depressive symptoms, the intensity of which varies in a continuum from moderate severity of manifestations to their complete absence; in a quarter of cases affective psychopathological symptoms have a wider spectrum and reach hypomanic states; the prevalence of manic symptoms in the clinical picture lids to a partial elimination of the underlying disease symptoms; the psychopathological content of the affective sphere in one third of the examined patients with schizotypal disorder is represented by specific changes in the form of reduced affect display.

scholarly journals T194. SUBJECTIVE ANOMALIES OF IMAGINATION AGGREGATE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA-SPECTRUM DISORDERS AND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DISORDERS OF BASIC SELF

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S305-S305
Author(s):  
Andreas Rosén Rasmussen ◽  
Josef Parnas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizotypal Disorder

Abstract Background Imagination is the formation of ideas or images of something known not to be present to the senses. Clinical psychopathology has few notions addressing this domain apart from obsession and rumination. Some classic psychopathological notions such as Jaspers’ concept of pseudohallucination or the pseudo-obsession are relevant to this area. In a recent research project, informed by contemporary philosophy of mind and phenomenology, we have developed novel concepts targeting subjective disturbances of imagination and fantasy life with a focus on the schizophrenia-spectrum. Patients describe a spatialization of images, i.e., stable imagery with an articulated spatial structure being liable to inspection ‘from afar in the mind’ and often undergoing an autonomous development independently of the will of the patient (‘like watching a movie in the head’). Other notions address tacit, non-psychotic erosions of the demarcation of fantasy life from perception and memory. A broad range of ideations (such as ‘daydreams’, ‘fears’, anticipations, intrusions, paranoid or suicidal ideation) may involve such structural disturbances of experience. Here, we present data from the first, cross-sectional study investigating the distribution of anomalies of imagination in different diagnostic groups and healthy controls as well as their association with positive symptoms, negative symptoms and disorders of basic selfhood. Methods The sample (N=81) included in- and outpatients with schizophrenia or another non-affective psychosis (N=32), outpatients with schizotypal disorder (N=15) or other mental illness (N=16) and healthy controls (N=18). The sample was 70% female with mean age 29.9 (SD 6.8; range 18–42) years. Anomalies of imagination were assessed with the Examination of anomalous fantasy and imagination (EAFI), which is an instrument recently developed in our group for a semi-structured interview exploring these experiences. The EAFI has shown very good reliability with average Kappa of 0.84. Disorders of basic self were assessed with the Examination of anomalous self experience (EASE) and positive, negative and general symptoms with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results Anomalies of imagination aggregated significantly (p < 0.000, Kruskall-Wallis test) in the schizophrenia-spectrum disorders compared to other mental illness with no significant difference between schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder. The group of healthy controls very rarely reported these anomalies and scored significantly lower (p < 0.000) than all diagnostic groups. In multivariate linear regression analysis (R2 = 0.66), EAFI score was significantly associated with EASE score (β = 0.62, p < 0.000), PANSS positive (β = 0.34, p = 0.01) and PANSS negative (β = 0.29, p = 0.02), but not PANSS general score (β = -0.29, p = 0.07). More than 79% of the schizophrenia-spectrum patients retrospectively reported the onset of these experiences to adolescence or earlier. Discussion The results of this cross-sectional study support that the subjective anomalies of imagination, targeted with the EAFI, are associated with the schizophrenia-spectrum. The association with disorders of basic self, which has been shown to have trait-like characteristics and to predict transition to schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, may reflect that the anomalies of imagination share a common experiential core-structure with self disorders. We suggest that the anomalies of imagination belong to an early onset level of psychopathology in the schizophrenia-spectrum and may have a relevance for differential diagnosis and early detection.

scholarly journals Three Structural Features of Functional Food Components and Herbal Medicine with Amyloid β42 Anti-Aggregation Properties

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuma Murakami ◽  
Kazuhiro Irie
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Salt Bridge ◽  
Basic Amino Acid ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Aggregation of amyloid β42 (Aβ42) is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There are numerous naturally occurring products that suppress the aggregation of Aβ42, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Based on NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis, we propose three structural characteristics found in natural products required for the suppressive activity against Aβ42 aggregation (i.e., oligomerization by targeting specific amino acid residues on this protein). These characteristics include (1) catechol-type flavonoids that can form Michael adducts with the side chains of Lys16 and 28 in monomeric Aβ42 through flavonoid autoxidation; (2) non-catechol-type flavonoids with planarity due to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups that can interact with the intermolecular β-sheet region in Aβ42 aggregates, especially aromatic rings such as those of Phe19 and 20; and (3) carboxy acid derivatives with triterpenoid or anthraquinoid that can generate a salt bridge with basic amino acid residues such as Lys16 and 28 in the Aβ42 dimer or trimer. Here, we summarize the recent body of knowledge concerning amyloidogenic inhibitors, particularly in functional food components and Kampo medicine, and discuss their application in the treatment and prevention of AD.

scholarly journals M124. ASSOCIATION OF CHRONIC PHYSICAL MULTIMORBIDITY WITH THE EFFICACY OF TREATMENT IN DIFFERENT SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S182-S182
Author(s):  
Igor Filipčić ◽  
Ivona Šimunović Filipčić ◽  
Žarko Bajić
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychiatric Rehospitalization ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Schizotypal Disorder

Abstract Background Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have higher prevalence of chronic physical illness (CPI) and a substantially reduced life expectancy compared with the general population. Despite the increasing amount of research in this area, the effect on psychiatric treatment outcome is still not clear. Some research reported significant associations between several CPIs and different SSD treatment outcomes, whereas the remaining study did not. The objective of the current study is to assess differences in the association of the number of CPI with the overall number of psychiatric rehospitalization in specific SSD diagnosis. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 354 patients diagnosed with SSD (ICD10): 135 schizophrenia, 71 acute and transient psychotic disorder, 57 schizoaffective disorder, 68 unspecified unorganic psychosis, 23 other (persistent delusional disorder, schizotypal disorder). The primary outcome was the association of the number of CPI with the number of psychiatric rehospitalization since the diagnosis, as the surrogate outcome for the treatment success, adjusted for the time from diagnosis, age, and gender of participants. Results Mean number of CPI adjusted for the time from diagnosis, age, and gender was not significantly nor clinically relevantly different between particular SSD diagnosis (F(5,345)=0.70; p=0.620). It was 1.7 in schizophrenia, 1.5 in acute and transient psychotic disorder, 1.4 in schizoaffective disorder, 1.8 in unspecified unorganic psychosis, 1.0 in persistent delusional disorder and 1.9 in schizotypal disorder. The mean number of CPI adjusted for the same three potential confounders was significantly different between particular SSD diagnosis (F(5,345)=2.78; p=0.018). It was 6.7 in schizophrenia, 3.8 in acute and transient psychotic disorder, 7.3 in schizoaffective disorder, 4.8 in unspecified unorganic psychosis. However, the association of the number of CPI with the psychiatric rehospitalizations, adjusted for the previously stated three confounders, was significant and clinically relevant only in participants diagnosed with schizophrenia. In these participants, an increase of one CPI was associated with the 2.3 (95% CI 1.2 to 3.5) more psychiatric rehospitalizations (p<0.001). In participants diagnosed with other specific SSD the association of the number of CPI was not significantly associated with the number of psychiatric rehospitalizations. Moreover, on this particular sample level, it was negative, meaning that more CPI was associated with the lower number of psychiatric rehospitalization in all other SSD except in the case of unspecified nonorganic psychosis. Discussion In this cross-sectional study, we observed that the hypothesis of the effect of the number of CPI on the SSD treatment outcomes is valid only in the case of schizophrenia. Further research is needed to clarify whether additional psychological distress is related to the additional burden of multimorbidity.

The Structure, Microhardness and Wear Resistance of Coatings Obtained through Non-Vacuum Electron Beam Cladding of Chromium and Titanium Carbides on Low Carbon Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 927 ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Krylova ◽  
Konstantin V. Ivanov ◽  
Vladimir E. Ovcharenko
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Titanium Carbides

An interrelation between structural features, microhardness and wear resistance was studied in the coatings obtained by non-vacuum relativistic electron beam cladding of chromium and titanium carbides powder mixture on low carbon steel. Five coatings differing in the amount of the entered energy were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), indentation tests and wear resistance measurements. It was found that the concentration of alloying elements both in solid solution and eutectic as well as the volume fraction of eutectic are the main structural characteristics which defines the microhardness of the coatings. The distribution of TiC phase plays a key role in the resistance to wear.

Reactions between uranium veins and their host rocks in Vendée and Limousin (France)

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (336) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cathelineau ◽  
J. Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Wall Rock ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Gangue Mineral ◽  
List Type ◽  
Vein Formation ◽  
Wall Rock Alteration ◽  
Rock Alteration ◽  
Host Rocks ◽  
Basic Rocks

AbstractHydrothermal uranium veins, associated with the Hercynian leucogranites show important variations in their mineralogical, chemical and structural features in relation to the host rock lithology. These are described with particular reference to the Chardon deposit, Vendée where the veins cut granite, basic lithologies, and shales. The following features are described: 1Changes in the thickness of veins near to contact zones, particularly those between granites and basic lithologies, lamprophyres, and shales.2Changes in the gangue mineral assemblage with the preferential development of carbonate in veins cutting basic lithologies, and of silica in veins which cut granite.3Paragenetic zoning in the veins in passing from granites to their metamorphic aureoles.Comparisons between deposits of Vendée, Limousin, and Erzgebirge allow the following generalizations to be made: 1Open faults and subsequent mineralization are concentrated at boundaries between competent and more plastic lithologies.2Mineralizing fluids cause wall-rock alteration characterized by the removal of Si from granite and of Ca, Mg, Fe from metamorphic and basic rocks.3The chemical and structural characteristics of wallrocks are important controls on the mineralization but in acid lithologies the main controls on the pitchblende vein formation are the structural characteristics of the wallrock.

scholarly journals Structural Characterization of Clostridium sordellii Spores of Diverse Human, Animal, and Environmental Origin and Comparison to Clostridium difficile Spores

mSphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rabi ◽  
Lynne Turnbull ◽  
Cynthia B. Whitchurch ◽  
Milena Awad ◽  
Dena Lyras
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clostridium Sordellii ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

ABSTRACT Clostridium sordellii is a significant pathogen with mortality rates approaching 100%. It is the bacterial spore that is critical in initiating infection and disease. An understanding of spore structures as well as spore morphology across a range of strains may lead to a better understanding of C. sordellii infection and disease. However, the structural characteristics of the C. sordellii spores are limited. In this work, we have addressed this lack of detail and characterized the C. sordellii spore morphology. The use of traditional and advanced microscopy techniques has provided detailed new observations of C. sordellii spore structural features, which serve as a reference point for structural studies of spores from other bacterial species. Clostridium sordellii is an often-lethal bacterium causing human and animal disease. Crucial to the infectious cycle of C. sordellii is its ability to produce spores, which can germinate into toxin-producing vegetative bacteria under favorable conditions. However, structural details of the C. sordellii spore are lacking. Here, we used a range of electron microscopy techniques together with superresolution optical microscopy to characterize the C. sordellii spore morphology with an emphasis on the exosporium. The C. sordellii spore is made up of multiple layers with the exosporium presenting as a smooth balloon-like structure that is open at the spore poles. Focusing on the outer spore layers, we compared the morphologies of C. sordellii spores derived from different strains and determined that there is some variation between the spores, most notably with spores of some strains having tubular appendages. Since Clostridium difficile is a close relative of C. sordellii, their spores were compared by electron microscopy and their exosporia were found to be distinctly different from each other. This study therefore provides new structural details of the C. sordellii spore and offers insights into the physical structure of the exosporium across clostridial species. IMPORTANCE Clostridium sordellii is a significant pathogen with mortality rates approaching 100%. It is the bacterial spore that is critical in initiating infection and disease. An understanding of spore structures as well as spore morphology across a range of strains may lead to a better understanding of C. sordellii infection and disease. However, the structural characteristics of the C. sordellii spores are limited. In this work, we have addressed this lack of detail and characterized the C. sordellii spore morphology. The use of traditional and advanced microscopy techniques has provided detailed new observations of C. sordellii spore structural features, which serve as a reference point for structural studies of spores from other bacterial species.

Interlocking Directorates and the Corporate Revolution

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Capitalist Class ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Interlocking Directorates ◽  
Social Patterns

Many social scientistshave documented that the American corporate capitalist class is highly organized and cohesive, both in terms of formal structural characteristics (Domhoff, 1967; Useem, 1979; Scott, 1979) and informal social patterns (Baltzell, 1964; Domhoff, 1974; Mills, 1956). One of the major structural features integrating corporate capitalists is interlocking directorates, which have been shown to form a single, continuous, cohesive network (Sonquist and Koenig, 1975; Allen, 1974; Mariolis, 1975; Mizruchi, 1982; Pennings, 1980; Scott, 1979; Fennema and Schijf, 1978).

Impairment of memory organization in patients with schizophrenia or schizotypal disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIÉ MATSUI ◽  
HIROMI YUUKI ◽  
KANADE KATO ◽  
MASAYOSHI KURACHI
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Memory Organization ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Semantic Clustering ◽  
Semantic Organization ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Schizotypal Disorder

Verbal learning and the organization of memory in patients with schizophrenia or schizotypal disorder were compared with normal subjects. Three indices of memory organization (semantic clustering, serial clustering, and subjective clustering) were calculated from participants' responses on the Japanese Verbal Learning Test. Schizophrenic and schizotypal patients showed similar decrements in semantic organization compared with normal subjects. Neither patient group showed any effect of learning on their use of semantic organization, although both groups recalled more items as the number of trials increased. These results suggest that impairment of memory organization is a common characteristic of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (JINS, 2006, 12, 750–754.)

Study on Wood Carbon Sequestration Based on Micro-Characteristics of Wood

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1693-1696
Author(s):  
Ming Hui Guo ◽  
Xin Guan ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Xylem Parenchyma ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Trees are complicated and important organisms in forest ecosystem. They are both carbon stocks and carbon source. In order to give full play to the role of wood carbon sequestration, this paper discussed the relationship of wood structural features and wood carbon sequestration at micro-level. It shows that wood carbon sequestration can be synthetically reflected by vessel, tracheid/xylon, wood rays, intercellular canal, xylem parenchyma and so on. The rate of cell wall and wood carbon sequestration is the relationship of direct proportional function. Micro-structural characteristics of wood can reflect wood carbon sequestration of forest ecosystems, as well as have a practical guide to enhance carbon storage of wood.

Structural Characteristics and Large Non-Linear Optical Responses of New Alkaline Earth-Based Alkalides

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Tao Fan ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Zhi-Ru Li ◽  
Chia-Chung Sun
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Metal Cations ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal ◽  
Optical Responses ◽  
B3lyp Method ◽  
Non Linear

A series of M2+(H5Aza222)–M′– (M = Be, Mg, Ca; M′ = Li, Na, K) alkalides that contain alkaline earth metal cations complexed by the H5Aza222– cage have been investigated using the CAM-B3LYP method. These alkaline earth-based alkalides not only present unusual structural features but also exhibit extraordinarily large static first hyperpolarizabilities (β0) up to 1.98 × 105 au. By comparing the β0 values among alkalides with various complexants, the Aza222 cage is found to be preferable to the previously investigated calix[4]pyrrole and n6adamanzane (n = 2, 3) complexants in enhancing the first hyperpolarizabilities of alkalides. In addition, the relationships between the β0 values of M2+(H5Aza222)–M′– and the atomic number of the M′– anion, the atomic number of the M2+ cation, and the M–M′ distance are explored.

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