scholarly journals The Person at the Core of Psychological Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan F. Franck

The paper has been written from a philosophical perspective and triggered by the recurrent discussions in psychology about the most suitable methods to study our multifaceted subjectivity. Its main point is that a phenomenological understanding of the human person provides a robust and also flexible philosophical framework for psychology. The first part discusses three classical distinctions –individual/general; explaining/understanding; induction/interpretation– which, in spite of possible deficiencies, are useful to illustrate the specificity of the human sciences relative to the natural sciences. If not understood as an either-or dichotomy these distinctions represent the search of the right balance to reflect the complexity and richness of psychological science. The second part presents the phenomenological notions of ‘vital reduction’ and ‘personalist reduction’, where reductions does not take on an eliminativistic meaning, but of directing the mind’s gaze to attend to what is originally the case. The ‘vital reduction’ reveals a subject of experience at the center of the lifeworld, and the ‘personalist reduction’ sees in rationality –i.e., the power to grasp the meaning of things and to recognize other subjects of experience­– a deeper dimension of the subject, who we can thus call a person. Psychology and phenomenology converge in disclosing the person-centeredness of our lifeworld.

Evidence ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 140-200
Author(s):  
Roderick Munday

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter discusses the following: the right to begin; the role of the trial judge; the judge’s right to call a witness; examination-in-chief; hostile witnesses; cross-examination; re-examination; calling evidence relating to witnesses’ veracity; witness support; the Crown’s right to reopen its case; and special protections extended to various classes of witness in criminal cases. Many of the rules apply to civil and criminal proceedings alike. However, as elsewhere in this book, the accent will be on rules of criminal evidence.


polemica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 054-071
Author(s):  
Thamiris Marques ◽  
Álvaro Rafael Santana Peixoto ◽  
Rafael Pecly Wolter

Resumo: Este artigo propõe uma discussão acerca dos posicionamentos relativos às cotas. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura com a finalidade de levantar argumentos favoráveis e contrários às cotas, oriundos de estudos de quatro áreas das Ciências Humanas (psicologia social, antropologia, sociologia e educação) realizados no Brasil a partir dos anos 2000 com enfoque no posicionamento de estudantes universitários. Constatou-se que os argumentos desfavoráveis ao sistema de reserva de vagas estão calcados, principalmente, em problemas decorrentes da vigência da medida, enquanto nos argumentos favoráveis encontram-se a eficácia das cotas e sua finalidade de reparo histórico-social. Foram levantadas possíveis causas que levam grupos de pessoas a se posicionar em relação às cotas: a primeira causa está relacionada com as experiências individuais prévias, que ocorrem quando o fato de conviver ou presenciar discriminação em relação a minorias marca os indivíduos e faz com que possuam posicionamento favorável ou contrário acerca do tema; a segunda causa corresponde ao direito ao benefício, já que o fato do sujeito poder ou não se beneficiar das cotas traria uma influência no posicionamento que tem da medida. A terceira causa seria a proximidade com os cotistas, que corresponde à aproximação do sujeito com pessoas do círculo pessoal que são cotistas; a quarta causa seria a homologia estrutural, de modo que a posição que se ocupa na estrutura da sociedade influencia diretamente no julgamento de objetos e suas relações com indivíduos de outra posição na estrutura. A quinta causa é a Ideologia, onde representações ideologicamente marcadas (acerca da justiça, igualdade, mérito) influenciariam no posicionamento acerca das cotas. Portanto, os posicionamentos não ocorrem apenas de forma individual e se sustentariam também a partir de causas psicossociais.Palavras-chave: Cotas. Atitude. Pensamento social. Universitários.Abstract: This article proposes a discussion about the positions about quotas. A review of the literature was realized with the purpose of raising arguments favorable and against quotas, from studies in four areas of the Human Sciences (social psychology, anthropology, sociology and education) published in Brazil from the 2000s with a focus on the positioning of college students. are mainly based on problems arising from the difficulty of allocating quotas, while the favorable arguments are the effectiveness of quotas and their purpose of historical and social repair. Possible causes that lead groups of people to position themselves in relation to quotas have been verified: the first cause is related to the previous individual experiences, which occur when the fact of living or witnessing discrimination in relation to minorities marks the individuals and makes them be favorable or against the subject; the second cause corresponds to the right to the benefit, since the fact that the subject may or may not benefit from quotas would have an influence on the position of the measure. The third cause would be proximity to the quota students, which corresponds to the approximation of the subject with people in the personal circle who are quota students; the fourth cause would be structural homology, so that the position that a group occupies in the structure of society directly influences the judgment of objects and their relations with individuals of another position in the structure. The fifth cause is Ideology, where ideologically marked representations (about justice, equality, merit) would influence the positioning of dimensions. Therefore, the positioning does not only occur individually and would also be sustained from psychosocial causes.Keywords: Quotas. Attitude. Social thought. College students


Author(s):  
Vincenzo Ferrone

This chapter examines how Michel Foucault reformulated the philosophical issue of the Enlightenment by moving from a deliberate rereading of the Hegelian Centaur to an advocacy of the “death of man”—the extinction of a rational platform of knowledge along the lines developed by Immanuel Kant and the Enlightenment at the end of the eighteenth century. It considers Foucault's genealogical historiography, a new and original tool for the analysis of history, and his arguments against the idea of a necessary and defining connection between knowledge and virtue, which had been the core identity of the Enlightenment, the link between power and knowledge, and the rise of disciplinary violence in the history of the Western world. Finally, it explores Foucault's view that “critique is the movement by which the subject gives himself the right to question truth on its exercise of power, and to question power on its discourses of truth.”


2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
CORNEL W. DU TOIT

Abstract<title> Abstract </title>Technology has taken on a life of its own and it now seems impossible to work out who manages it. Humans have created a technoscientific environment that has surpassed the guidelines of their wisdom. The question: what is it to be human? can no longer be isolated from the question: what is it to possess technology? The renewed search for wisdom is regarded as a metaphor for expressing different sentiments, such as the attempt to link values to technology; the search for unity between the different sciences, and between science and the life world; the restoration of values, especially in the realm of the natural sciences; the best way to cope in a technoscientific culture; and, finally, decisions about research policies. in this article some of the main factors responsible for the exclusivity of the natural sciences and for the division of the sciences, and the detachment of science from the life world are discussed. the detachment of natural science from values, ethics and the human sciences are traced back to the scientific revolution and the establishment by Galileo and Kepler of mathematics as the language of the natural sciences. The subject of scientific research has shifted from the scientific community to the political and economic realm. the realm of power and the prerequisites for academic accomplishment compromise the integrity of science and the wellbeing of society. The democratisation of technoscience requires some progress in the concilience of the sciences.


Author(s):  
Agustin Widjiastuti ◽  
Made Warka ◽  
Slamet Suhartono ◽  
Hufron Hufron

The rule of law through the government must provide public services for its people.  In the conception of the welfare law state, every citizen/every person has the right to obtain good services and obtain legal protection from arbitrary actions by the authorities. Based on Article 1 number 1 of Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights, human rights are rights inherent in every human person that must be protected so that human rights are always the core material of a modern state constitution. Legal steps for patients participating in the Health Social Security Administering Body in the perspective of legal protection.


2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Helen Gibbon ◽  
Alex Steel

What should be learnt in law school is currently a debated topic. One aspect of this debate is whether what is taught in the core subjects is necessary or taught to the right level. In this article, we examine one such core subject: criminal law. The aim is to provide baseline information on what students are expected to read in the subject as a proxy for what is taught and what is learnt. By examining the range of topics, and the amount of words set, we provide an indication of the expected breadth of learning and cognitive load on students. This is relevant both to traditional face-to-face teaching and online innovations.


1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Meeks

On the face of it, the protracted public controversy over abortion in the United States and elsewhere might seem to rest on intractable normative questions inaccessible to economic analysis. But an influential early essay in the now sizable philosophical literature on the subject suggests otherwise. Judith Jarvis Thomson (1971) disarmingly inclined toward the view that “the fetus has already become a human person well before birth”,. presumably with all the rights pertaining thereto. She denied, however, that such rights necessarily include use of the mother's womb until birth. To illustrate her point, she compared the mother's situation to that, for example, of an unwilling Good Samaritan with a uniquely suited blood type, who is forced to share a kidney for 9 months with a famous, ailing violinist who needed its use for that duration to recover. Even if the life of a human being was at stake, the assertion of rights for the violinist or the fetus, she argued, would be too degrading for either the Good Samaritan's or the mother's status as a person, where large unwanted sacrifices would be required. Reduced to its economic essentials, the argument is that the mother has property rights to her own body, including the right to expel a “trespasser”. who would die as a consequence. Thus, the antiabortion position is neatly undercut by granting its major premise (the humanity of the fetus) while denying its conclusion.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Tulio Marques Carvalho Ferreira

ResumoO presente artigo científico visa tratar o fenômeno do assédio moral na relação de emprego. Esta conduta de prática ilícita traz consequências para o empregado, tendo os seus direitos fundamentais e a dignidade da pessoa humana violada. O assédio moral configura como conduta repetitiva e abusiva que atenta contra a integridade e dignidade da pessoa humana no ambiente de trabalho. Este fenômeno submete o empregado a perseguições, humilhações e maus tratos afetando a saúde física e psicológica do empregado. Nesse sentido se defende a valorização do empregado, que tem direito a um ambiente de trabalho sadio, prevenindo-se deste fenômeno que afeta o empregado. Geralmente, o empregado, o sujeito passivo assediado tem direito de pedir indenização do sujeito ativo (quem cometeu o assédio). Na legislação brasileira não há previsão com normas específicas sobre o assunto, mas os Tribunais trabalhistas buscam o amparo no texto Maior e nos Códigos civil e penal e na Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas, tendo o julgador que observar o princípio da razoabilidade e proporcionalidade. No intuito de seguir as prerrogativas estabelecidas neste trabalho, baseando-se nos objetivos de analisar as noções do assédio moral, conceituação, as condutas que configuram tal agressão, os sujeitos e os tipos de assédio. A problemática se especificou em como evitar a prática desta conduta na relação de emprego. Por sua vez, a metodologia utilizada para averiguar este trabalho foi de ordem bibliográfica, fundamentando-se no acervo bibliográfico, a fim de ter conhecimento de como é tratado o assunto pela lei, doutrina e artigos científicos, obtendo-se maior conhecimento sobre o assunto. Palavras-chave. Assédio Moral. Relação de Emprego. Ambiente de Trabalho. Humilhações. AbstractThis scientific Article aims to address the phenomenon of moral harassment in the employment relationship. This unlawful practice conduct has consequences for the employee, having his or fundamental rights and the dignity of the violated human person. Moral harassment is a repetitive and abusive conduct that is attentive to the human person integrity and dignity in the working environment. This phenomenon subjects the employee to persecution, humiliation and ill-treatment affecting the employee’s physical and psychological health. In this sense, the employee's appreciation is defended, which has the right to a healthy working environment, preventing this phenomenon that affects the employee. Generally, the employee, the harassed person has the right to seek compensation from the harasser (who committed the harassment). In the Brazilian legislation there is no provision for specific rules on the subject, but the Labor courts seek support in larger text and in civil and criminal codes and in the Labor laws consolidation, with the judging party observing the principle of reasonableness and proportionality. In order to follow the prerogatives established in this paper, the objectives were based on the analysis on notions of moral harassment, conceptualization, the conducts that constitute such aggression, the subjects and the types of harassment. The problem has been made clear on how to avoid the practice of this conduct in the employment relationship. In turn, the methodology used to investigate this work was bibliographic, based on the bibliographic collection, in order to know how the subject is treated by law, doctrine and scientific articles, obtaining greater knowledge about the matter. Keywords. Moral harassment. Employment relationship. Work Environment. Humiliation


Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anna Valer'evna Shvets

This paper examines the reflection of the representatives of Cubo-futurism and related art community (N. Kulbin, A. Kruchenykh, N. Burliuk) on the artistic expression and poetics of literature. The object of this research is the articles by N. Kulbin (&ldquo;Liberal Arts as the Basis of Life&rdquo;, &ldquo;Meaning of the Theory of Art&rdquo; in compilation &ldquo;The Studio of Impressionists&rdquo;, 1910), pamphlet &ldquo;Declaration of the Word as Such&rdquo; (written in 1913 by N. Kulbin, A. Kruchenykh), manifest of N. Kulbin &ldquo;What the Word Is&rdquo; (1914), articles by N. Burliuk (&ldquo;Cubism&rdquo;, &ldquo;Texture&rdquo; in compilation &ldquo;Slap to a Public Taste&rdquo;, 1913, &ldquo;Poetic Beginnings&rdquo; and &ldquo;Supplementum to a Poetic Counterpoint&rdquo; from the &ldquo;First Journal of Russian Futurists&rdquo;, 1914. The subject of this research is the evident in these articles orientation towards putting medium to the forefront, which is understood as a material basis of the text. The texts of all articles highlight the core metaphors that set a new understanding of a word as material and media whole. The scientific novelty of this study consists in referring to the process of metaphorical comprehension of a word as a material phenomenon, which has not been previously subjected to detailed analysis in Russian or foreign research tradition. The conclusion is made that due to sequential usage of metaphors (from the area of natural sciences or everyday experience) a word becomes a material object, manipulation with the physical image of which transform the connoted meaning.


Evidence ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick Munday

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter discusses the following: the right to begin; the role of the judge; the judge’s right to call a witness; examination-in-chief; hostile witnesses; cross-examination; re-examination; calling evidence relating to witnesses’ veracity; the Crown’s right to reopen its case; and special protections extended to various classes of witness in criminal cases.


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