scholarly journals EFFECT OF QUENCHING AND TEMPERING PROCESS ON A MEDIUM C STEEL WITH LOW CHROMIUM AND MOLYBENUM ADDITION FOR FORGED COMPONENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giusepe Napoli ◽  
Giulia Fabrizi ◽  
Riccardo Rufini ◽  
Sabrina Mengaroni ◽  
Andrea Di Schino
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Fracture Appearance Transition Temperature ◽  
Fracture Appearance ◽  
Temperature Application ◽  
Mn Steel ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

<p class="AMSmaintext"><span lang="EN-GB">In this paper the effect of quenching and tempering (Q&amp;T) thermal treatment on mechanical properties of a C-Mn steel with 0.22% Cr for forged components is studied. Due to the lack od any micro-alloying elements (such as vanadium or niobium) such steel can just reach mechanical target allowed by its intrinsic hardenability. Aim of this work is to evaluate the mechanical properties dependence as a function of different quenching and tempering treatments. Results show that, after Q&amp;T, steel can reach a yield strength of 330 MPa combined with a -20°C </span><span lang="EN-GB">fracture appearance transition temperature (50% FATT) measured with a Charpy-V impact test making this steel suitable for low temperature application.</span></p>

The Effects of Intercritical Heat Treatment of the SA508 Grade 3 Class 1 Steel Before Welding on the Mechanical Properties in Its Welded Joint

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Tae Kim ◽  
Byung-Il Yang ◽  
Hee-Kyung Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Fracture Appearance Transition Temperature ◽  
Intercritical Heat Treatment ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Fracture Appearance ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Better Than

In order to improve the toughness in the welded heat affected zone (HAZ) of the SA508 Grade 3 Class 1 steel, the intercritical heat treatment (IHT) has been applied before the welding. The application of the IHT before welding resulted in the decrease of fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT50) and 68Joule transition temperature (vTr68). The improved effects of the IHT on the mechanical properties of this steel have been consistently preserved in the HAZ and the effect of the IHT before welding on the transition temperatures in the HAZ of this steel was much better than those of base metal. These positive results were closely related with the newly formed sub-grains, the spheoridized carbides precipitated at sub-grain boundaries and lath boundaries which would have been acted as obstacles to the cleavage propagation.

Comparison between Charpy Transition Temperature TCVN and Reference Temperature T° for 10Ni3CrMoV Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 4488-4493
Author(s):  
Yi Fei Gao ◽  
Jun Chang Shen ◽  
Bo Qun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Reference Temperature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Fracture Appearance Transition Temperature ◽  
Qt Steels ◽  
Fracture Appearance ◽  
Lower Tolerance

Charpy transition temperature TCVN and reference temperature To for 10Ni3CrMoV steel were determined using two different experimental techniques such as Charpy V-notch impact test technique and reference temperature To test technique. It was found that two methods provided different test results. The median master curve with upper and lower tolerance bounds was got from the test. The upper tolerance bound is often used for material design and application. At the same time the TCVN and To results were discussed for two kinds of heat treatment which are QT(Quenching and Temper) and QLT(Quenching, anneal and temper). JC (med ) K values calculated were 101 and 105MPam1/2 for the QT and QLT steels, respectively. These indicated that the QLT steels have the higher JC (med ) K , the lower reference temperature and lower energy (or fracture appearance) transition temperature(ETT50 or FATT50) than the QT steels. This was mainly related with the different microstructures of two kinds of heat treatment.

Fracture Behavior in West Jefferson Test Under Low-Temperature Condition for X65 Steel Pipe With High Charpy Energy: Current Activities in HLP Committee, Japan, Report 1

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Amano ◽  
Satoshi Igi ◽  
Takahiro Sakimoto ◽  
Takehiro Inoue ◽  
Shuji Aihara
Keyword(s):  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Brittle Fracture ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Burst Test ◽  
Pipe Burst ◽  
Test Vessel ◽  
Fracture Appearance

This paper describes the results of pressure vessel fracture test which called West Jefferson and/or partial gas burst testing using Grade API X65 linepipe steel with high Charpy energy that exhibits inverse facture in the Drop Weight Tear Test (DWTT). A series of pressure vessel fracture tests which is as part of an ongoing effort by the High-strength Line Pipe committee (HLP) of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan (ISIJ) was carried out at low temperature in order to investigate brittle-to-ductile transition behavior and to compare to DWTT fracture behavior. Two different materials on Fracture Appearance Transition Temperature (FATT) property were used in these tests. One is −60 degree C and the other is −25 to −30 degree C which is defined as 85 % shear area fraction (SA) in the standard pressed notch DWTT (PN-DWTT). The dimensions of the test pipes were 24inches (609.6 mm) in outside diameter (OD), 19.1 mm in wall thickness (WT). In each test, the test pipe is cooled by using liquid nitrogen in the cooling baths. Two cooling baths are set up separately on the two sides of the test vessel, making it possible to obtain fracture behaviors under two different test temperatures in one burst test. The test vessel was also instrumented with pressure transducers, thermocouples and timing wires to obtain the pressure at the fracture onset, temperature and crack propagation velocity, respectively. Some informative observations to discuss appropriate evaluation method for material resistance to brittle facture propagation for high toughness linepipe materials are obtained in the test. When the pipe burst test temperatures are higher than the PN-DWTT transition temperature, ductile cracks were initiated from the initial notch and propagated with short distance in ductile manner. When the pipe burst test temperatures were lower than the PN-DWTT transition temperature, brittle cracks were initiated from the initial notch and propagated through cooling bath. However, the initiated ductile crack at lower than the transition temperature was not changed to brittle manner. This means inverse facture occurred in the PN-DWTT is a particular problem caused by the API DWTT testing method. Furthermore, results for the pipes tested indicated that inverse facture occurred in PN-DWTT at the temperature above the 85 % FATT may not affect the arrestability against the brittle fracture propagation and it is closely related with the location of brittle fracture initiation origin in the fracture appearance of PN-DWTT.

Influence of Al-Cu-Mn-Fe-Ti Alloy Composition and Production Parameters of Extruded Semi-Finished Products on their Structure and Mechanical Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. Reznik ◽  
Mikhail Lobanov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Low Temperature Annealing ◽  
Annealing Conditions ◽  
Concentration Changes

Studies have been conducted as to the effect of Cu, Mn, Fe concentration changes in Al-Cu-Mn-Fe-Ti alloy, the conditions of thermal and deformational treatment of ingots and extruded rods 40 mm in diameter on the microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties. It has been determined that changing Al-6.3Cu-0.3Mn-0.17Fe-0.15Ti alloy to Al-6.5Cu-0.7Mn-0.11Fe-0.15Ti causes an increase in the strength characteristics of extruded rods at the room temperature both after molding and in tempered and aged conditions, irrespective of the conditions of thermal treatment of the initial ingot (low-temperature annealing 420 °С for 2 h, or high-temperature annealing at 530 °С for 12 h). Increasing the extruding temperature from 330 to 480 °С, along with increasing Cu, Mn and decreasing Fe in the alloy Al-Cu-Mn-Ti, is accompanied by the increased level of ultimate strength in a quenched condition by 25% to 410 MPa, irrespective of the annealing conditions of the original ingot. An opportunity to apply the Al-6.3Cu-0.3Mn-0.17Fe-0.15Ti alloy with low-temperature annealing at 420 °С for 2 h and the molding temperature of 330 °С has been found to produce rods where, in the condition of full thermal treatment (tempering at 535 °С + aging at 200 °С for 8 hours), a structure is formed that ensures satisfactory characteristics of high temperature strength by resisting to fracture for more than 100 hours at 300 °С and 70 MPa.

Prediction of Fracture Appearance Transition Temperature of 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel Used in Hot-Wall Hydrofining Reactors

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhu Tan ◽  
Wenlong Huang ◽  
Y. J. Chao
Keyword(s):  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Temper Embrittlement ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Auger Electron Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Fracture Appearance Transition Temperature ◽  
Fracture Appearance ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Good Agreement

A kinetics model for temper embrittlement was employed as the basis for predicting the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel used for hot-wall hydrofining reactors. Various heat treatments were performed to obtain different degrees of temper embrittlement for the steel. Charpy V-notch impact tests and Auger electron spectroscopy analysis were performed on embrittled 2.25Cr-1Mo steels to establish the relation between the shift of FATT and the change in the concentration of phosphorus segregated in the grain boundary of the steel. Based on the model and test data, a method of predicting the FATT at service time t was developed for the 2.25Cr-1Mo steel. Good agreement is obtained when the predicted values are compared to test data from open literature.

EVALUATION OF IMPACT PROPERTIES TO FORGED 3CR STEEL BY BARKHAUSEN NOISE

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
UN BONG BAEK ◽  
SEOK CHEOL LEE ◽  
SEUNG HOON NAHM ◽  
YOUNG HYUN NAM
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Noise Voltage ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fracture Appearance Transition Temperature ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fracture Appearance ◽  
Heat History

This paper reports that the Barkhausen noise method can be used to accurately characterize forged reactor vessels. The Charpy V-notch impact tests were conducted on the respective specimens with three different types of heat history. Various test results including fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) were obtained. The Barkhausen noise voltage changed with heat treatment temperature (870~1000°C) and conditions (Tempered, PWHT). The fracture appearance transition temperature can be predicted using the Barkhausen noise voltage.

Mechanical Properties and Bending Behaviors of Low Temperature Toughness Linepipe Steels

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Soo Ahn ◽  
Woo Yeon Cho ◽  
Tae-Yang Yoon ◽  
Jang-Yong Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
X80 Steel ◽  
Low Temperature Toughness

API-X70 and X80 steel with good low temperature toughness were developed. The microstructure and mechanical properties of API-X70 steel plate and pipe were investigated and the buckling behavior of X80 steel pipe was evaluated through large scale deformation tester. API-X70 steels with 30 mm thickness were manufactured by finished rolling below Ar3. The microstructure was composed of polygonal ferrite with subgrain network, degenerated pearlite and bainite. The yield strengths of API-X70 pipes were lower than those of plates, while the tensile strengths were similar in both states. The Charpy upper shelf energy of API-X70 steel plate was about 350 J and the energy transition temperature was below −100 °C. The separations were observed on the DWTT fracture surface of API-X70 steel plate. The DWTT 85 SA% transition temperature of plate was below −30 °C. It was conjectured that the separation associated with the low temperature rolling might increase the strength without deterioration of DWTT properties. API-X80 steels with 19mm thickness were fabricated with finished rolling above Ar3 and pipes with 30” diameter were made with R/B process. The deformation capacity of X80 linepipe was evaluated by large scale deforming machine operating under the loading of bending and axial compression force. It was showed that 2nd moment term should be calculated more correctly to measure the accurate critical compressive strain of pipe in the loading of bending and axial compression force. The compressive axial force had a little effect on the peak moment but changed the deformation pattern and state of critical compressive strain of linepipe. It was found that X80 linepipe used in this study was within the specification of DNV and API codes in terms of buckling capacity.

scholarly journals Basic mechanical properties of layered steels

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Černý ◽  
Josef Filípek ◽  
Pavel Mazal ◽  
Petr Dostál
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Technical Practice ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Multilayer Steel ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

This article deals with identifying attributes of layered steel materials (damask steel) with the help of mechanical tests. Experimentally verify basic mechanical properties of layered steel and subsequently assessed it in comparison with the values obtained for the classic steel materials. In conclusion, there are listed the possibilities of using multilayer steel materials in technical practice, depending on the economics of production.The damask steel was prepared by forge welding from a packet consisting of 17 layers (9 layers of tool steel 19 133 (ČSN) with the thickness of 6 mm and 8 layers 80NiCr11 steel in the form of saw bands with the thickness of 1.2 mm. The packet was cut into 8 parts, folded 3 times and forged together, which provided damask steel with 136 layers. The resulting steel bars were used to make semi-finished products with the approximate dimensions of the test specimens. For evaluation of mechanical properties were applied the following tests: tensile test, Charpy impact test, hardness and microhardness measurementsThe results of tests proved that the properties of damask steel are dependent not only on the direction led impact quality forge weld layers and content iof nhomogeneities in the place of discord, but also on the quenching and tempering temperature, resp. on the choice of quenching bath, which determine the final structure of steel and the resulting hardness, respectively microhardness.

scholarly journals Experimental Cold-Cured Nanostructured Epoxy-Based Hybrid Formulations: Properties and Durability Performance

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariaenrica Frigione ◽  
Mariateresa Lettieri ◽  
Francesca Lionetto ◽  
Leno Mascia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Durability Performance ◽  
Different Levels

Different hybrid epoxy formulations were produced and cold-cured, monitoring the properties development during low temperature curing and aging. All systems were based on silane functionalized bis-phenol A (DGEBA) resins (Part A), cured at ambient temperature with two amine hardeners (Part B). The different components of the formulations were selected on their potential capability to bring about enhancements in the glass transition temperature. The durability of the produced hybrids was probed in comparison to the corresponding neat epoxies by monitoring changes in glass transition temperature (Tg) and flexural mechanical properties after exposure to different levels of humidity and immersion in water and at temperatures slightly higher than the local ambient temperature, in order to simulate the conditions encountered during summer seasons in very humid environments. The thermal degradation resistance of the hybrid systems was also evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis.

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