scholarly journals Stasis in Corcyra: who was fighting there?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Miśkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Main Question ◽  
Peloponnesian War ◽  
Concrete Case

In this paper, I am attempting to present a different perspective on a famous passage from Thucydides’ Peloponnesian War (Thuc. 3.69–3.85), on the so called stasis in Corcyra island. Many scholars have scrutinized that passage in order to define what the stasis was or to fit it into the historian’s work. My aim is to elucidate the concrete case in Corcyra, not the model of the stasis in general. In this article, I analyse the source to find the answers to the main question, that is, who really was fighting in Corcyra (looking beyond simple dichotomy, which is stressed by Thucydides). I elaborate on the origins of the conflict, the role of individuals, the chief and background groups engaged in the strife and the process of gradation of the stasis, where the neutral status is practically impossible. I am trying to interpret this case of stasis not only as a struggle between democrats with oligarchs, but (what is equally important) as a commixture of different people or bodies of people, who often, in fact, were merely random dwellers (not only citizens) of the island.

scholarly journals GCC Media Roles during the 2011 Arab Spring: An Analytical and Critical Overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah K. Al-Kindi
Keyword(s):  
Arab Spring ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
The Media ◽  
Contextual Characteristics ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Critical Overview

The central aim of this paper is to critically analyze the role of the media during public protests that occurred in the GCC countries during 2011. These protests were part of what came to be called the “Arab Spring”, which started in late 2010. Particular focus will be on how the Arab Spring resulted in fundamental changes and how various institutions played roles in this. The study draws on Gulf region literature about the Arab Spring in order to offer a critical and informed overview on the topic under discussion. The paper’s main question is: what are the main roles played by the GCC media (old/new) during the public protests of 2011? The paper argues that the role of the media in the 2011 protests, while important, was rather limited and affected by the unique contextual characteristics of the media environment in the GCC countries. 

scholarly journals Knowledge in (Trans)Training and the Role of Experts: Curricula, Mathematics Education and Teacher Training, 1920-2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 65-83
Author(s):  
Wagner Rodrigues Valente ◽  
André Francisco de Almeida ◽  
Marylúcia Cavalcante Silva
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Study Results ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Teaching Programs ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Background: Mathematics for basic and elementary schools and teacher education changes over time; and their official expression is given by these documents that guide teaching work in schools. Objective: What processes and dynamics are involved in the systematisation of new knowledge in the production of curriculum references? In particular, the text focuses on mathematics for the first school years. Design: The analysis of curricular reforms, considering official documents, prioritises the role of specialists, treated as experts, considering that following the actions of these researchers it may be possible to answer the main question of the study. Results: Analysis shows that the changes that have occurred over time, from teaching programs to the current BNCC, are linked to the progressive stratification of experts who go from being a highly visible public authority to an increasing set of representatives from different social segments interested in the curricular debate. Conclusions: This stratification makes it more difficult to locate those specialists responsible for the internal organisation of the proposals with regard to teaching objects, the content of mathematics to be present in teaching and teacher training.

scholarly journals El archivo de la “Fundación Rodríguez”. Análisis, potencia y gestión del legado

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 36-57
Author(s):  
Iker Fidalgo Alday
Keyword(s):  
Research Process ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
Concrete Case ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Artistic Work ◽  
Do So

El presente artículo parte de un caso de estudio concreto que es la investigación en torno al archivo del colectivo artístico “Fundación Rodríguez” (Vitoria-Gasteiz, 1994-2012). El proceso de investigación estará marcado por todo lo que conlleva enfrentarse a un archivo compuesto por contenido digital y con formatos a punto de la obsolescencia, así como las dificultades para su conservación y mantenimiento. Partiendo de esto, se contextualizará la práctica de “Fundación Rodríguez” y el papel que juega el concepto de archivo en varias de las fases de su producción artística. Para ello analizaremos su posición desde el trabajo colectivo, la disolución del rol del artista y la desmaterialización de la obra artística como los tres frentes principales desde los que se erige su producción. Con todo, podremos valorar desde la actualidad la vigencia y relevancia de su legado, así como la potencia del mismo en el contexto artístico al que pertenece. This article starts from a concrete case study that is the research around the archive of the artistic collective “Fundación Rodríguez” (Vitoria-Gasteiz, 1994-2012). The research process will be marked by all that is involved in dealing with an archive composed of digital content and formats on the verge of obsolescence, as well as the difficulties of preserving and maintaining them. Starting from this, the practice of “Fundación Rodríguez” and the role played by the concept of archive in several of the phases of its artistic production will be contextualized. To do so, we will analyze its position from the perspective of collective work, the dissolution of the role of the artist and the dematerialization of the artistic work as the three main fronts from which its production is built.With all this, we will be able to evaluate from the present time the validity and relevance of his legacy as well as its power in the artistic context to which it belongs.

scholarly journals The Role of Sub-Regional Systems in Shaping International Investment Law-Making: The Case of the Visegrád Group

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-153
Author(s):  
Federica Cristani
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Main Question ◽  
International Investment Law ◽  
Regional System ◽  
Investment Law ◽  
Advocacy Role ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
Law Making

AbstractThe present chapter focuses on the role of the Visegrád group (or V4, comprising Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic) in international investment law-making. The chapter starts with a brief overview of the V4 group as a sub-regional system in Europe, including its modus operandi and main achievements in the field of economic cooperation. Subsequently, it turns to the regulation of foreign direct investment (FDI), both at the level of each V4 state and at EU level—with particular regard to the implication of the EU’s exclusive competence on FDI. Special attention is paid to the approach of the V4 countries towards the question of termination of intra-EU bilateral investment treaties (BITs)—including an overview of the related objections to jurisdiction that the four countries have raised over the years in investor-state arbitrations based on intra-EU BITs—and to the relationship of the V4 group with non-EU countries—especially with (selected) East Asian countries. The main question is whether—and to what extent—the V4 group as a sub-regional system has a role to play in international investment law-making. The chapter highlights the proactive and advocacy role that the V4 group has traditionally played in manifold subject-matters, including the promotion and protection of FDI, and supports the positive “soft power” the V4 may exercise in this respect.

The Materialism Controversy

After Hegel ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick C. Beiser
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Modern Natural ◽  
Modern Natural Science ◽  
Scientific Materialism ◽  
Reason And Faith

This chapter examines the so-called “materialism controversy,” one of the most important intellectual disputes of the second half of the nineteenth century. The dispute began in the 1850s, and its shock waves reverberated until the end of the century. The main question posed by the materialism controversy was whether modern natural science, whose authority and prestige were now beyond question, necessarily leads to materialism. Materialism was generally understood to be the doctrine that only matter exists and that everything in nature obeys only mechanical laws. If such a doctrine were true, it seemed there could be no God, no free will, no soul, and hence no immortality. These beliefs, however, seemed vital to morality and religion. So the controversy posed a drastic dilemma: either a scientific materialism or a moral and religious “leap of faith.” It was the latest version of the old conflict between reason and faith, where now the role of reason was played by natural science.

Growing a Nontraditional Accounting Firm: Warren and Associates

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Bagranoff ◽  
Leslie D. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Class Discussion ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Consulting Services ◽  
A Value ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cpa Firm

This case presents the history of a small CPA firm that is a value-added reseller (VAR) providing IT consulting services to mid-sized and small business clients. Since this firm does not provide audit, compilation and review, or tax services, it provides a view of a CPA firm that is different from the traditional audit and tax organization. The main question posed is determining the best growth strategy for this CPA firm. To answer this question, you must research and evaluate consulting opportunities related to Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as several of the recently developed AICPA services such as WebTrust, SysTrust™, and ElderCare. The research that you do will provide a deeper understanding of the role of accountants as consultants. The case affords an excellent opportunity to stimulate class discussion or presentations about the nature of CPA services beyond audit and tax services.

Studying variation in Romanian: deletion of the definite article -l in continuous speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Vasilescu ◽  
Ioana Chitoran ◽  
Bianca Vieru ◽  
Martine Adda-Decker ◽  
Maria Candea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Broadcast News ◽  
Continuous Speech ◽  
Linguistic Behavior ◽  
Speaking Style

AbstractStudies of variation in continuous speech converge towards the conclusion that in everyday speech, words are often produced with reduced variants: some segments are shortened or completely absent. We describe an initiative to automatically exploit spoken corpora, in order to better understand linguistic behavior in spontaneous speech. This study focuses on the reduction of the postposed definite article in Romanian. The Romanian corpora used here cover several speaking styles including both prepared and spontaneous speech, such as broadcast news and debates, elicited dialogues and monologues on suggested topics. Taken together, the data sets contain more than 10 hours of speech produced in a variety of communicative frameworks. The deletion of the definite article -l, i.e. L-dropping in continuous speech, is investigated across speaking styles using pronunciation variants aligned with the speech. The main question addressed in the study is the influence of speaking style on the distribution of L-dropping. We examine the role of the surrounding context in L-dropping and L-retention. The results show that, in prepared speech and broadcast news, deletion is triggered by the context as a consequence of the communicative framework and the nature of the following segment (following vowel-initial words favor L-retention, while consonant-initial words favor L-dropping). In spontaneous speech, L-dropping is more frequent and the context is less important in predicting the occurrence of reduced variants than in other speaking styles.

Cracking the Code: Narrative and Political Mobilization in the Greek Resistance

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Hart
Keyword(s):  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Peloponnesian War ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
History Of

That narrative can be more than a mechanical recitation of events is epitomized in Thucydides’ challenge to historiographical paradigms current during the fifth century B.C. In his definitive history of the war between Athens and Sparta, the Athenian general in effect tells a “story” with a beginning, middle, and end. Thucydides’ history of the Peloponnesian War is anything but a neutral description of events. Instead, the collection interprets the conflict for the reader. The tale contains a discussion of the role of alternative military strategies and of the war’s wider political implications. According to Thucydides, the fractionization and polarization engendered by war as a mode of resolving political conflicts is too high a price to pay for victors and losers alike. Thucydides warns of psychic as well as material costs. Thus, the ancient political scientist tells the story of the Peloponnesian War to assert that the “sequences of real events be assessed as to their significance as elements of a moral drama” (White 1987: 21).

scholarly journals The Limiting Case of Amodal Completion: The Phenomenal Salience and the Role of Contrast Polarity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinna ◽  
Conti
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Organization ◽  
Amodal Completion ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Good Continuation ◽  
Contrast Polarity ◽  
Visual Phenomenon ◽  
Continuous Object ◽  
Limiting Case ◽  
Visual Properties

In this work, we demonstrated unique and relevant visual properties imparted by contrast polarity in perceptual organization and in eliciting amodal completion, which is the vivid completion of a single continuous object of the visible parts of an occluded shape despite portions of its boundary contours not actually being seen. T-junction, good continuation, and closure are considered the main principles involved according to relevant explanations of amodal completion based on the simplicity–Prägnanz principle, Helmholtz’s likelihood, and Bayesian inference. The main interest of these approaches is to explain how the occluded object is completed, what is the amodal shape, and how contours of partially visible fragments are relatable behind an occluder. Different from these perspectives, amodal completion was considered here as a visual phenomenon and not as a process, i.e., the final outcome of perceptual processes and grouping principles. Therefore, the main question we addressed through our stimuli was “What is the role of shape formation and perceptual organization in inducing amodal completion?” To answer this question, novel stimuli, similar to limiting cases and instantiae crucis, were studied through Gestalt experimental phenomenology. The results demonstrated the domination of the contrast polarity against good continuation, T-junctions, and regularity. Moreover, the limiting conditions explored revealed a new kind of junction next to the T- and Y-junctions, respectively responsible for amodal completion and tessellation. We called them I-junctions. The results were theoretically discussed in relation to the previous approaches and in the light of the phenomenal salience imparted by contrast polarity.

The Black Medeas of Weimar and Nazi Berlin: Jahnn-Straub and Straub-Grillparzer

1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-166
Author(s):  
Glen W. Gadberry
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Peloponnesian War ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dramatic Character ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Race Ethnicity

While earlier dramatists treated Medea as a dramatic character, it was Euripides who gave her enduring theatrical prominence. Beyond crafting a timely attack upon a treacherous Corinth to appeal to Athens at the start of the Peloponnesian War, Euripides developed Medea to question the social role of women within a proudly patriarchal society. And he may have been the first to make Medea a non-Greek, a Colchian, a “barbarian”—a term that had become more derisive in the fifth century. In the Golden Age, a female foreigner was marginalized by gender and by heritage/race/ethnicity; a justified or sympathetic Medea challenged Athenian prejudices about both. Yet this Medea is problematic: a seriously aggrieved wife is driven to horrible acts against Greeks—Jason, his sons, the king of Corinth, and as a complicating fillip of multi-gender vengeance, the female rival. Our sympathies are subverted: a wronged Medea could also be a bloody figure of feminine and alien power, fatal to men and women, public and domestic order.

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