scholarly journals Gra figurami pamięci zbiorowej w utworze artystycznym. Z zagadnień lingwistyki pamięci

LingVaria ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Niewiara
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Current Concept ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Artistic Work ◽  
Linguistic Means

Playing with Figures of Collective Memory in Artistic Work. Issues in Memory LinguisticsThe article presents an ethnolinguistic analysis of A. Stasiuk’s drama Czekając na Turka (‘Waiting for the Turk’). Staged in 2009, the play examines figures of communicative and cultural collective memory, to use Jan Assmann’s terminology. Particular attention is given to linguistic means of lexical and syntactic archaization of literary text, used to elicit associations with the past images of Turks in Polish and European imagination, and in consequence, to propose an interpretation of an important event in European culture and history at the end of the 20th century: the fall of the Berlin Wall. In comparison with the older concept of antemurale Christianitatis (associated with Ottoman Turks’ incursions against European countries), the importance of the modern, current concept is reduced.

Remains of a Picnic: Post-Transition Hungary and Its Austro-Hungarian Past

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 255-291
Author(s):  
Márton Dornbach
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
East Germany ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
The Past

It is difficult to imagine how collective memory might function without the watershed dates that structure our stories about the past. Almost by definition, however, such familiar milestones fail to capture the complex dynamics of the transition from one era to the next. A case in point is the dismantling of the Iron Curtain. As the anniversary commemorations of 2009 showed, this development came to be epitomized by the tearing down of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989. One does not need to doubt the importance of this event to see that its sheer symbolic weight tends to obscure the intricacies of the Eastern European transition process. More often than not, accounts that foreground this turning point marginalize some sixty million Hungarians, Poles, Czechs, and Slovaks who embarked on the transition process well ahead of the citizens of East Germany.

scholarly journals ‘Glass walls’ — considerations about European multiculturalism

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
M. Bodziany
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Hadrian's Wall ◽  
Great Wall

European culture — the product of Western civilization that grew on the pillars of multiculturalism, expansion and progress. It is a place where for centuries a melting pot of cultures has been a natural driving force of progress and development, to which Europe owes not only its wealth. Europe also owes demographic problems to this, which today constitute the most important subject of scientific debate on the future of Europe and opportunities to maintain the achievements of the past, the level of civilization built by generations. ‘Glass walls’ invoked in the title of the article are of symbolic nature, no mention is made of real barriers known in history as the Great Wall of China, the Berlin Wall, Hadrian's Wall and others. It is about mental and invisible walls focused around attitudes such as the ethnic and cultural distance, as well as intolerance and prejudices against any otherness.

The Historical Roots of Local Self-Government in Czech and Slovak Republics

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Bakoš ◽  
Jana Soukopová ◽  
Jan Šelešovský
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past

The paper deals with the historical development of local self-government in the context of the development of the public administration as a whole during the First Czechoslovak Republic. It presents historical roots of the public administration in the former imperial Austria-Hungary, which was different from other European countries with its complex bureaucratic structures. Certain elements of the complex political and administrative developments during the early 20th century can be seen even one hundred years later. It is becoming apparent that history repeats itself in a number of issues and that it is unforgivable not to learn lessons both from the mistakes and the successful solutions of the past.

Border Commemoration in Contemporary Armenia

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-140
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Arkhipova
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Effective Model ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
20Th Century History ◽  
Places Of Memory ◽  
Made In

By the end of 20th century, history manipulation had become the main tool for mobilizing masses. To create a societal identity, a nation-state uses collective memory and creates an idea of the past as the purpose of self-existence. In addition to the chronological pattern, collective memory describes the geographical framework of society by creating them. The chapter analyzes the practice of determining geographical boundaries of Armenia in the collective memory of Armenians. Using the concept of “places of memory” coined by P. Nora, this chapter determines markers and geographical points as defined in the collective memory of Armenia residents as their own. The chapter presents the results of observations carried out by the author during the research made in 2014, as well as discursive analysis of memorial places from Armenian travel site as data that represent collective memory to the outsiders as informational messages. In conclusion, the author raises the question of the effective model of collective memory adopted in the name of societal development.

scholarly journals РЕАЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ВИГАДКА? ПОНЯТТЯ “МЕТАМОДЕРНІЗМ” І “МЕТАМОДЕРН” В СУЧАСНОМУ КУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЧНОМУ І ЛІТЕРАТУРОЗНАВЧОМУ ДИСКУРСІ

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-164
Author(s):  
Ольга Бандровська
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
David Foster Wallace ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Trend ◽  
The Impact

At the beginning of the 20th century, postmodernism has depleted its cultural and aesthetic potential, and as most critics agree, it has become a phenomenon of the past. Among the conceptions aimed at comprehending the impact of the new media and digital technologies, together with the trend towards globalization, digimodernism, automoderrnism, altermodernism, performatism, and metamodernism can be listed as the most conspicuous ones. Proceeding from the fact that metamodernism is a theoretically developed and strongly institutionalized conceptualization of both current cultural change and 21st-century fi ction, this paper focuses on its cultural and literary strategies. Primarily, the study aims to analyze the fundamentals of metamodernism elaborated in the works by Timotheus Vermeulen and Robin van den Akker and in metamodernist web manifestoes. To achieve this goal, such notions as a “structure of feeling” and “new sincerity” that refl ect an emerging cultural sensibility, along with the principle of the metamodernist oscillation between modernist and postmodernist modes, are highlighted. The claim that the Metamodern era replaces Postmodernity is also under investigation. In addition, the paper explores the main features of metamodernism in the works by David Foster Wallace, one of the most famous and infl uential US writers of his generation, a talented novelist and essayist. Application of nonlinear, rhizomatic structures at the narrative level, modeling of the reality according to the principle “what if this is true?”, and a combination of the principles of “new sincerity” and post-irony in Wallace’s novel “Infi nite Jest” are considered. The paper concludes that metamodernism as a literary trend of the recent decades suggests new fi ctional patterns of aesthetic innovations, primarily in returning multiple facets of reality into a literary text. Key words: metamodernism, Metamodern, postmodernism, Postmodern, “new sincerity”, “structure of feeling”, Vermeulen and van den Akker, “Notes on Metamodernism”, David Wallace, “Infi nite Jest”.

Picturing the past: The Berlin Wall at 25

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 701-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Somerstein
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Journalism History ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
The Past ◽  
Textual Representations ◽  
Different Cultures

Although the mass media is an important tool that audiences rely on to learn about the past, the relationship among journalism, history, and memory is still underdeveloped; visual collective memory, like visual studies in other subfields, has received even less attention than written and textual representations of collective memory. To address that gap, this article uses a qualitative content analysis to assess how 15 newspapers commemorated the 25th anniversary of the Berlin Wall’s opening through photographs. Newspapers from countries that were capitalist and communist in 1989 are compared to identify the ways that different cultures ‘remember’ the same past. Five genres of images emerged: iconic photographs, memorials, metonymic and mythological portraits, metonymic relics, and images of resistance, though these genres were framed differently depending on a country’s political system in 1989. In comparing this cross-cultural collective memory, this study looks at what these visual commemorations reveal about cross-cultural anniversary practices, an area of memory studies that has received little attention.

scholarly journals Kontrowersje wokół wystawy „Wymuszone drogi” na tle sporu o wypędzenia. Analiza debaty prasowej

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-43
Author(s):  
Paweł Ciołkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Post War

The fact that controversies about the past become the subject of public debate testifies to the growing significance of the role of collective memory. In Poland two such controversies emerged recently. The first was triggered off by Jan Tomasz Gross’s book Neighbours that describes the murder committed during the war on Jews by the Polish inhabitants of Jedwabne; the other is a consequence of the actions taken up by the head of the Union of the Expelled, Erika Steinbach, and her many years’ endeavours to create the so-called Centre Against Expulsions in Germany. The matter of post-war “expulsions” divided Polish disputants into adherents of two opposed points of view. One thread of the debate that started in 2000 embraces controversies around the exhibition: “Enforced Roads. Escapes and Expulsions in 20th Century Europe” opened in August 2006 that commemorates the victims of expulsions. The article analyses the press debate around this exhibition in the context of the earlier stages of this controversy. It also describes the changes of relations between the main standpoints and their influence on the ideas of the past.

Cosmetic Allergen in the Past and Present

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
World War ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Cosmetic Dermatitis ◽  
Facial Dermatitis ◽  
International Research Project

For almost 20 years after the end of World War II, many Japanese women were challenged by a dark secondary hyper pigmentation on their faces. The causation of this condition was unknown and incurable at the time. However this symptom became curable after a number of new cosmetic allergens were discovered through patch tests and as an aftermath, various cosmetics and soaps that eliminated all these allergens were put into production to be used exclusively for these patients. An international research project conducted by seven countries was set out to find out the new allergens and discover non-allergic cosmetic materials. Due to these efforts, two disastrous cosmetic primary sensitizers were banned and this helped to decrease allergic cosmetic dermatitis. Towards the end of the 20th century, the rate of positives among cosmetic sensitizers decreased to levels of 5% - 8% and have since maintained its rates into the 21th century. Currently, metal ions such as the likes of nickel have been identified as being the most common allergens found in cosmetics and cosmetic instruments. They often produce rosacea-like facial dermatitis and therefore allergen controlled soaps and cosmetics have been proved to be useful in recovering normal skin conditions.

The Palestinian Refugee Camps In Jordan: Between National Identity and Socio-economic Integration

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala Al-Hamarneh
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Distinct Character ◽  
Palestinian Refugee

At least 50 per cent of the population of Jordan is of Palestinian origin. Some 20 per cent of the registered refugees live in ten internationally organized camps, and another 20 per cent in four locally organized camps and numerous informal camps. The camps organized by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) play a major role in keeping Palestinian identity alive. That identity reflects the refugees' rich cultural traditions, political activities, as well as their collective memory, and the distinct character of each camp. Over the past two decades integration of the refugees within Jordanian society has increased. This paper analyses the transformation of the identity of the camp dwellers, as well as their spatial integration in Jordan, and other historical and contemporary factors contributing to this transformation.

Collective Memory: Between Values and Historical Knowledge

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
VICTOR BURLACHUK
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

At the end of the twentieth century, questions of a secondary nature suddenly became topical: what do we remember and who owns the memory? Memory as one of the mental characteristics of an individual’s activity is complemented by the concept of collective memory, which requires a different method of analysis than the activity of a separate individual. In the 1970s, a situation arose that gave rise to the so-called "historical politics" or "memory politics." If philosophical studies of memory problems of the 30’s and 40’s of the twentieth century were focused mainly on the peculiarities of perception of the past in the individual and collective consciousness and did not go beyond scientific discussions, then half a century later the situation has changed dramatically. The problem of memory has found its political sound: historians and sociologists, politicians and representatives of the media have entered the discourse on memory. Modern society, including all social, ethnic and family groups, has undergone a profound change in the traditional attitude towards the past, which has been associated with changes in the structure of government. In connection with the discrediting of the Soviet Union, the rapid decline of the Communist Party and its ideology, there was a collapse of Marxism, which provided for a certain model of time and history. The end of the revolutionary idea, a powerful vector that indicated the direction of historical time into the future, inevitably led to a rapid change in perception of the past. Three models of the future, which, according to Pierre Nora, defined the face of the past (the future as a restoration of the past, the future as progress and the future as a revolution) that existed until recently, have now lost their relevance. Today, absolute uncertainty hangs over the future. The inability to predict the future poses certain challenges to the present. The end of any teleology of history imposes on the present a debt of memory. Features of the life of memory, the specifics of its state and functioning directly affect the state of identity, both personal and collective. Distortion of memory, its incorrect work, and its ideological manipulation can give rise to an identity crisis. The memorial phenomenon is a certain political resource in a situation of severe socio-political breaks and changes. In the conditions of the economic crisis and in the absence of a real and clear program for future development, the state often seeks to turn memory into the main element of national consolidation.

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