scholarly journals Nie tylko Bulla gnieźnieńska

LingVaria ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-141
Author(s):  
Tomasz Mika
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Common ◽  
Linguistic Analyses

Not Only Bulla Gnieźnieńska. On the Importance of Zbylut’s Foundation Document (Issued in 1153) for Polish Historical and Linguistic Research. Part 1: Research Object The list of sources used in the research of the oldest period of development of the Polish language is very short. Only Bulla Gnieźnieńska exists in the common consciousness. Meanwhile, the foundation document issued in 1153 by knight Zbylut for the Cistercians in Łekno, called the Zbylut’s document, may be of value to historians of language for at least three reasons: first, it contains onomastic material from the mid-12th century; second, it is available in several versions (including two parallel originals from the mid-12th century and one copy from the end of the same century), which are fully legible and perfectly preserved; and third, it has been carefully studied by a few generations of historians who have carefully considered and resolved many issues related to the circumstances of creating the originals and the copies. The results of their research constitute an invaluable and basic context for historical and linguistic analyses. The aim of the article (the first one in a series) is to introduce the Zbylut’s document (its originals and copies) into the Polish historical-linguistic research, to verify and supplement the existing transliterations, to show the document as an object of studies, and to select historical information that may prove to be important from the historical-linguistic perspective. Further work is aimed at conducting historical-linguistic research on Polish language material, providing transcription (with linguistic justifications) of Polish words and formulating research perspectives. Further works are aimed at carrying out historical and linguistic analyses of Polish language materials, preparing transcriptions of Polish words with their justifications, and formulating research perspectives.

scholarly journals VARIATION AND NORMALIZATION OF THE POLISH LANGUAGE IN THE OLD PRINTS FROM THE FIRST HALF OF THE 16TH CENTURY

1970 ◽  
pp. 199-214
Author(s):  
JOLANTA MIGDAŁ
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
Normalization Process

The article presents normalization of the Polish literary language in prints from the first half of the 16th century. It was a breakthrough period for the normalization process in which the activities aimed at limiting the variation of language forms were intensified. The linguistic analysis presented here focuses on two groups of sixteen-century texts: Polish palaeotypes, that is the prints from Cracow from the years 1521–1522 as well as on the writings of Andrzej Glaber of Kobylin published in the years 1535–1539 in the Cracow publishing house of Florian Ungler and his wife Helena where he performed various functions: of an author, translator and editorpublisher.The observation and study of variance of language forms and its limitation enables us not only to determine the degree of normalization of the Polish language in particular periods, but also to characterize the attitude to standards of sixteen-century publishers of Polish books. On the basis of the comparison of normalization of Polish in palaeotypes from the years 1521–1522 and in the works of Andrzej Glaber from the years 1535–1539 we can conclude that the first half of the 16th century was characterized by particular standards. It is difficult to notice an apparent continuity of the normalizationtradition. Nevertheless, we can discern in this period a developing progressive trend in the normalization of the Polish literary language which quickly became widespread. The group of progressive normalizers definitely includes: the anonymous editor of Żywot Pana Jezu Krysta, printed in the publishing house of Hieronim Wietor, Jan from Koszyczki, Hieronim from Wieluń (Spiczyński) and Andrzej Glaber. In the later period also Jan Seklucjan and Stanisław Murzynowski joined this group, the polemicists who broke the old linguistic traditionsof Jan Sandecki-Malecki. Nowadays, on the basis of the findings of numerous historical-linguistic analyses, the victory of this progressive option is quite apparent..

How to use typological databases in historical linguistic research

Diachronica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Wichmann ◽  
Arpiar Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Native American ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Native American Languages ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Heuristic Procedures ◽  
The Stability

Several databases have been compiled with the aim of documenting the distribution of typological features across the world’s languages. This paper looks at ways of utilizing this type of data for making inferences concerning genealogical relationships by using phylogenetic algorithms originally developed for biologists. The focus is on methodology, including how to assess the stability of individual typological features and the suitability of different phylogenetic algorithms, as well as ways to enhance phylogenetic signals and heuristic procedures for identifying genealogical relationships. The various issues are illustrated by a small sample of empirical data from a set of Native American languages.

Dangers of Chicken Soup

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-786
Author(s):  
EDWARD CHU
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Chicken Broth ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Moses Maimonides ◽  
The Common ◽  
Good For

To the Editor.— Chicken soup has long been regarded as a popular treatment for a wide variety of ailments. The 12th century philosopher and physician, Moses Maimonides, extracting from ancient Greek writings, recommended chicken broth for "rectifying corrupted humors,"1 which meant it was good for everything. Recently, chicken soup has again received attention in the medical literature, some of it serious2 and some of it tongue in beak [sic].3-6 The serious study demonstrated a significant increase in nasal mucous velocity following the ingestion of hot chicken soup, suggesting a therapeutic effect in the common cold.

scholarly journals 中國古代「詩用」語境中的「多重性讀者」

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (35) ◽  
pp. 001-044
Author(s):  
顏崑陽 顏崑陽
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Chinese Poetry ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
May Fourth Movement ◽  
Fourth Movement ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Ancient Chinese ◽  
Art For Art's Sake ◽  
True Intention

<p>「五四」以降，學者普遍抱持著「為藝術而藝術」的「純文學」觀念，以詮釋、批判中國古代文學。這全是新知識分子反儒家傳統之文化意識型態的投射，不合中國古代文學的「動態性歷史語境」。其實，中國古代士人階層的生活中，詩無所不在，乃是他們社會文化行為所使用既普遍又特殊的言語形式，可稱它為「詩用」；因此本人從而系統化的建構「中國詩用學」。本論文題為〈中國古代「詩用」語境中的「多重性讀者」〉，就是在這一「詩用學」的理論基礎上，深入而全面探討中國古代在「詩用」語境中的「多重性讀者」，以及由此所獲致的文本「意義詮釋」，尤其「作者本意」之詮釋如何可能?更是重要問題。這個論點可以對顯現當代很多學者詮釋古代詩歌，由於缺乏「動態性歷史語境」的觀念，往往將文本從此一語境抽離出來，只做靜態性的詮釋，故而誤以為當代讀者是唯一的讀者，完全不了解在漫長的文本傳播過程中，實歷經多重性的讀者；因此，文本意義的詮釋也被現當代學者所簡化了。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>After the May-Fourth Movement, &quot;art for art’s sake&quot; was a &quot;pure literature&quot; concept popular among scholars who interpreted and criticized classic Chinese literature based on this idea. Such a phenomenon was purely an ideological projection of anti-Confucianism by the new intellects, which failed to comply with the &quot;dynamic historical linguistic context&quot; of ancient Chinese literature. In fact, poetry was ubiquitous in the daily life of ancient Chinese intellects. Poetry was the common but unique language form, dubbed as &quot;the use of poetry&quot; as used by literati in sociocultural settings. I, therefore, construct the &quot;the use of Chinese poetry theory&quot; systematically. It is on the basis of the &quot;use of poetry&quot; theory that &quot; ’Readers of plural identifications’ in the linguistic context of ’the use of poetry’ &quot; of the ancient Chinese discusses extensively and profoundly on the &quot;readers of plural identifications&quot; and the &quot;interpretation of meanings&quot; retrieved from the texts, particularly the possibility of the interpretation of the &quot;author’s true intention,&quot; which is the most important issue. The viewpoint may manifest the simplified interpretation of meanings by contemporary scholars due to their lack of the concept of &quot;dynamic historical linguistic context&quot;; as a result, contemporary scholars tend to estrange the text from its linguistic context and make static interpretations, mistaking contemporary readers as the only readers. They fail to understand that during the long process of dissemination, the texts have experienced readers of plural identifications.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Piśmiennictwo religijne Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego jako oryginalne źródło do badań polszczyzny północnokresowej

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-110
Author(s):  
Joanna Kulwicka-Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The North ◽  
Religious Writings ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
The 19Th Century

The religious writings of the Tatars constitute a valuable source for philological research due to the presence of heretofore unexplored grammatical and lexical layers of the north borderland Polish language of the 16th-20th centuries and due to the interference-related and transfer-related processes in the context of Slavic languages and Slavic-Oriental contacts. Therefore the basis for linguistic analyses is constituted by one of the most valuable monuments of this body of writing – the first translation of the Quran into a Slavic language in the world (probably representing the north borderland Polish language), which assumed the form of a tefsir. The source of linguistic analyses is constituted by the Olita tefsir, which dates back to 1723 (supplemented and corrected in the 19th century). On the basis of the material that was excerpted from this work the author presents both borderland features described in the subject literature and tries to point the new or only sparsely confirmed facts in the history of the Polish language, including the formation of the north borderland Polish language on the Belarusian substrate. Research involves all levels of language – the phonetic-phonological, morphological, syntactic and the lexical-semantic levels.

Падежный синкретизм в истории славянских парадигм

SlavVaria ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ГАБОР Л. БАЛАЖ
Keyword(s):  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Review Ofthe

Case syncretism in the history of Slavic paradigms. The article is devotedto the problem of case syncretism. Specific definitions of this concept and theclassification of its types from different periods of linguistic research are given.Further on, the issues of case syncretism are discussed, with special attentionpaid to its manifestation and regularities in the Slavic languages. The mostcommon cases of syncretism in modern literary languages are presented andcompared to the situation of the Common Slavic period. The problems ofcertain historical aspects of the formal concurrency of case endings and theirpossible causes are touched upon. The article concludes with a brief review ofthe theoretical explanations of syncretism and stresses the applicability ofnatural morphology to solve the questions posed.

Language and the National Past in Napoleonic France: Reassessing the Académie celtique, 1805–1813

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian B Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
French Nation

Abstract This article reassesses the Académie celtique (1805–13), an antiquarian society concerned with investigating the origins of the French nation, and the progenitor of the current Société nationale des antiquaires de France. While most prior scholarship has focused on the Académie as an innovator in the field of French folklore studies, it is argued here that the Académie’s main scholarly concern was with language, specifically the use of historical linguistic research for tracing the origins of European nations. Underpinning the Académie’s research programme was a belief that the ancient Celts—based in Gaul—once dominated Europe and spoke a language from which most European tongues descended, and was perhaps preserved in modern Breton. The article therefore also presents a coherent view of the importance of Celtic ancestry for the developing French nation in the early nineteenth century.

Subgrouping the Sogeram languages

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Daniels ◽  
Danielle Barth ◽  
Wolfgang Barth
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The Way

Abstract Historical Glottometry is a method, recently proposed by Kalyan and François (François 2014; Kalyan & François 2018), for analyzing and representing the relationships among sister languages in a language family. We present a glottometric analysis of the Sogeram language family of Papua New Guinea and, in the process, provide an evaluation of the method. We focus on three topics that we regard as problematic: how to handle the higher incidence of cross-cutting isoglosses in the Sogeram data; how best to handle lexical innovations; and what to do when the data do not allow the analyst to be sure whether a given language underwent a given innovation or not. For each topic we compare different ways of coding and calculating the data and suggest the best way forward. We conclude by proposing changes to the way glottometric data are coded and calculated and the way glottometric results are visualized. We also discuss how to incorporate Historical Glottometry into an effective historical-linguistic research workflow.

scholarly journals Wartości w języku biznesu: nowe znaczenia. Analiza wybranych przykładów

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 47-67
Author(s):  
Marek Kochan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Control ◽  
Utility Approach ◽  
Operational Dimension

Values in the business language: New meanings. The analysis based on selected examplesThe topic of this article is the usage in business language of seven particular words describing values or positively evaluated in this language morality, sensitivity, excellence, loyalty, sentiment, execution, aggressive. The major part of the paper is dedicated to adetailed comparative analysis of these new meanings, based on the variety of examples taken from the Polish business language. The meanings of these words, as observed in business language, vary greatly as noted based on five Polish language dictionaries published in the 21st century, used for comparison. In most cases those new meanings of the examined words are not mentioned in the analysed dictionaries. In the final section of the text the author comments on the values discourse in business language operational dimension, utility approach, ambition to measure and control the values, potential influence of value-words as used in business language on the common Polish language as well as the question whether these new meanings should be included in Polish language dictionaries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document