Падежный синкретизм в истории славянских парадигм

SlavVaria ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ГАБОР Л. БАЛАЖ

Case syncretism in the history of Slavic paradigms. The article is devotedto the problem of case syncretism. Specific definitions of this concept and theclassification of its types from different periods of linguistic research are given.Further on, the issues of case syncretism are discussed, with special attentionpaid to its manifestation and regularities in the Slavic languages. The mostcommon cases of syncretism in modern literary languages are presented andcompared to the situation of the Common Slavic period. The problems ofcertain historical aspects of the formal concurrency of case endings and theirpossible causes are touched upon. The article concludes with a brief review ofthe theoretical explanations of syncretism and stresses the applicability ofnatural morphology to solve the questions posed.

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Вилия [Vilija] Сакалаускене [Sakalauskienė]

Slavisms in Lithuanian Dialect DictionariesThis arcticle discusses dialect dictionaries where words are recorded either from living language or from other, written sources of dialect. Up to now, ten Lithuanian dialect dictioniaries have been published and five are being compiled. Dialect changes along with our everyday life. A lot of words from the old dialect are being forgotten. Those words are no longer being used in the common language as well as in other dialects. In addition, some words gain new meanings. The same processes apply to loanwords which are used in dialects and are included in dialect dictionaries. The lexical system of a dialect dictionary shows the functioning of loanwords and their relationship with the words of the common language.The majority of Lithuanian loanwords are Slavisms, used in those dialects which have had a direct contact with Slavic languages, such as Polish, Belarusian or Russian. Slavisms and loanwords from other languages are marked variously in different dictionaries. In one of them, shortened language names are written in parentheses after the entry, which indicates that it is a word of foreign origin. Other dictionaries simply indicate Slavisms or additionally present the foreign equivalent from which they originate.A number of Slavisms from the dictionaries is analysed in the article. This examplary group are occupation names: kamarnykas (“debt collector”), cf. Polish komornik (DrskŽ 134, DvŽ I 239, KltŽ 97, KpŽ II 161, KrtnŽ 142, ZanŽ I 604); kupčius (“merchant”), cf. Polish kupiec, Belarusian кyпeц (DrskŽ 176, DvŽ I 323, KltŽ 130, KpŽ II 525, KrtnŽ 196, KzRŽ I 407, ZanŽ I 808, ZtŽ 332); strielčius (“shooter, hunts­man”), cf. Polish strzelec, Belarusian cтpэлeц (DrskŽ 352, DvŽ II 299, KpŽ III 876, KrtnŽ 394, ZanŽ III 196); rimorius (“leatherworker”), cf. Polish rymarz (DrskŽ 305, KpŽ III 499, KzRŽ II 176, ZanŽ II 557).Dialects are affected by various linguistic and extralinguistic factors. The intensity of word loaning depends on the outer circumstances of language or dialect. Loanwords only fill gaps in some fields. The research of Slavisms provides abundant material for the study of their origins as well as how and why they spread, and of the history of Lithuanian dialects in general. Slawizmy w litewskich słownikach gwarowychPrzedmiotem analizy są litewskie słowniki gwarowe, rejestrujące słownictwo z żywej mowy lub z zapisów w źródłach dialektologicznych. Język litewski doczekał się dotychczas dziesięciu takich słowników, kolejnych pięć jest w opracowaniu.Zmiany w zasobie słownictwa dialektalnego są pochodną przemian zachodzących w życiu codziennym użytkowników gwar. Wiele starych nazw wycofuje się zarówno z języka literackiego, jak i z dialektów. Niektóre wyrazy zachowują żywotność, ale zmieniają znaczenia. Wskazanym procesom ulegają także zapożyczenia w leksyce gwarowej. Opis leksykograficzny zastosowany w badanych słownikach pozwala śledzić zakres dystrybucji słownictwa zapożyczonego w gwarach w relacji do jednostek języka literackiego.Najliczniejszą grupę zapożyczeń leksykalnych stanowią slawizmy używane w tych gwarach litewskich, które zetknęły się bezpośrednio z którymś z języków słowiańskich – polskim, białoruskim czy rosyjskim. W badanych słownikach zastosowano różne metody kwalifikowania slawizmów. Jedno ze źródeł podaje w nawiasie skrót nazwy języka, z którego przejęta została dana jednostka, inne słowniki sygnalizują tylko ogólnie, że słowo jest pochodzenia słowiańskiego, czasami przywoływane są także wyrazy, które stanowią podstawę zapożyczeń.W artykule poddano analizie wybrane slawizmy wyekscerpowane z dziesięciu słowników gwarowych. Jedną z opisywanych grup znaczeniowych stanowią określania wykonawców zawodów: kamarnykas, por. polskie komornik (DrskŽ 134, DvŽ I 239, KltŽ 97, KpŽ II 161, KrtnŽ 142, ZanŽ I 604); kupčius, por. polskie kupiec, białoruskie кyпeц (DrskŽ 176, DvŽ I 323, KltŽ 130, KpŽ II 525, KrtnŽ 196, KzRŽ I 407, ZanŽ I 808, ZtŽ 332); strielčius, por. polskie strzelec, białoruskie cтpэлeц (DrskŽ 352, DvŽ II 299, KpŽ III 876, KrtnŽ 394, ZanŽ III 196); rimorius, por. polskie rymarz (DrskŽ 305, KpŽ III 499, KzRŽ II 176, ZanŽ II 557).Zasób leksyki dialektalnej kształtowały różne czynniki językowe i pozajęzykowe. Intensywność zapożyczeń leksykalnych zależy od uwarunkowań zewnętrznych względem języka czy dialektu, a luki, które mogą wypełnić zapożyczenia, występują tylko w niektórych obszarach tematycznych słownictwa gwarowego. Analiza slawizmów ukierunkowana na ustalanie genezy i powodów zapożyczania obcych nazw oraz dynamiki ich rozprzestrzeniania się na gruncie litewskim wpisuje się w szerszą problematykę studiów nad historią dialektów litewskich.


2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Donald Finan ◽  
Stephen M. Tasko

The history of speech-language pathology as a profession encompasses a tradition of knowledge generation. In recent years, the quantity of speech science research and the presence of speech scientists within the domain of the American Speech-Hearing-Language Association (ASHA) has diminished, even as ASHA membership and the size of the ASHA Convention have grown dramatically. The professional discipline of speech science has become increasingly fragmented, yet speech science coursework is an integral part of the mandated curriculum. Establishing an active, vibrant community structure will serve to aid researchers, educators, and clinicians as they work in the common area of speech science.


Author(s):  
Viktoriia Sviatchenko

The article provides a thorough account on A. A. Potebnia’s views on the systemic nature of the language presented in his works on historical phonetics of the Eastern Slavic languages. The practical implementation of his ideas in this respect is studied. The comprehension of the systemic character of phonetic changes of the Khrakiv linguistic school representative has urged the search of their interrelations as well as the attempt to identify homogeneous phonetic laws that share a common cause and act in a certain period of the language history, which is emphasized by the author of the article. It is noted that A. A. Potebnia focused on consonant changes that took place in different conditions. The causes of phonetic laws mentioned in the article can not be reduced to the interaction of sounds in a speech stream, the material provided by A. A. Potebnia proves that they are to be found within the phonetic system itself. The author of the article shares the views of V. A. Glushchenko that Potebnia’s investigations embrace all phonetic laws in the history of the Eastern Slavic languages’ consonant systems. The relevance of Potebnia’s research on the systemic nature of the language that has retained their value for the linguistics of the XX — beginning of XXI century is identified.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 295-297
Author(s):  
Sergej A. Borisov

For more than twenty years, the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences celebrates the Day of Slavic Writing and Culture with a traditional scholarly conference.”. Since 2014, it has been held in the young scholars’ format. In 2019, participants from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Togliatti, Tyumen, Yekaterinburg, and Rostov-on-Don, as well as Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Romania continued this tradition. A wide range of problems related to the history of the Slavic peoples from the Middle Ages to the present time in the national, regional and international context were discussed again. Participants talked about the typology of Slavic languages and dialects, linguo-geography, socio- and ethnolinguistics, analyzed formation, development, current state, and prospects of Slavic literatures, etc.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
David Ramiro Troitino ◽  
Tanel Kerikmae ◽  
Olga Shumilo

This article highlights the role of Charles de Gaulle in the history of united post-war Europe, his approaches to the internal and foreign French policies, also vetoing the membership of the United Kingdom in the European Community. The authors describe the emergence of De Gaulle as a politician, his uneasy relationship with Roosevelt and Churchill during World War II, also the roots of developing a “nationalistic” approach to regional policy after the end of the war. The article also considers the emergence of the Common Agricultural Policy (hereinafter - CAP), one of Charles de Gaulle’s biggest achievements in foreign policy, and the reasons for the Fouchet Plan defeat.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (152) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
S. M. Geiko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Lauta

The article provides a philosophical analysis of the tropological theory of the history of H. White. The researcher claims that history is a specific kind of literature, and the historical works is the connection of a certain set of research and narrative operations. The first type of operation answers the question of why the event happened this way and not the other. The second operation is the social description, the narrative of events, the intellectual act of organizing the actual material. According to H. White, this is where the set of ideas and preferences of the researcher begin to work, mainly of a literary and historical nature. Explanations are the main mechanism that becomes the common thread of the narrative. The are implemented through using plot (romantic, satire, comic and tragic) and trope systems – the main stylistic forms of text organization (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, irony). The latter decisively influenced for result of the work historians. Historiographical style follows the tropological model, the selection of which is determined by the historian’s individual language practice. When the choice is made, the imagination is ready to create a narrative. Therefore, the historical understanding, according to H. White, can only be tropological. H. White proposes a new methodology for historical research. During the discourse, adequate speech is created to analyze historical phenomena, which the philosopher defines as prefigurative tropological movement. This is how history is revealed through the art of anthropology. Thus, H. White’s tropical history theory offers modern science f meaningful and metatheoretically significant. The structure of concepts on which the classification of historiographical styles can be based and the predictive function of philosophy regarding historical knowledge can be refined.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Priyo Joko Purnomo ◽  
Wahyudhi Wahyudhi

Gambuh as the performing art in Malay area became one of the cultural transformation evidences of the close relation between Java and Malay. The history of gambuh performance in Malay area recorded in the archipelago’s manuscripts, one of them is a manuscript entitled Surat Gambuh which is being the collection of Leiden University Library. This paper attempts to examine the contents of the manuscript in order to reconstruct the gambuh performance art in Malay and also trace the historical aspects. As far as the research had been done, there have been no studies of this manuscript so it is necessary to first transliterate it using a critical method. Furthermore, the historical aspects are explored using a historical approach by adding data from other texts of Panji. The analysis result of the reflection of Malay gambuh performance rules and historical aspects show that there is a transformation of work from oral tradition to written tradition, the cultural acculturation between Java and Malay, and the Islamic influence behind Malay gambuh.


The present work, The Struggle of My Life: An Autobiography of Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, is an English translation of Sahajanand’s autobiography, written in Hindi, Mera Jeevan Sangarsh. It carries an introduction by the translator which briefly deals with the Swami’s life and legacy. It needs to be emphasized that this is not an autobiography in the common run. Its primary focus is not on Swami’s persona; its central theme is the cause of the freedom movement in general and in particular, of the peasant movement under his leadership. It tells of the life and legacy of one of the most uncompromising and fearless freedom fighters and peasant leaders. It covers the social and political history of one of the most crucial periods of our national life, 1920–47. Today, when the Indian peasantry is faced with a number of intractable problems, it reminds them of the struggles of the peasants of yesteryears and the kind of trials and tribulations they went through. It is also remarkable that despite his vast learning and command over Sanskrit, Swami chose to write in simple, colloquial Hindi. That only speaks for his total identification with the masses. Both the teaching and student community as well as general readers would find this book useful, interesting and intellectually stimulating.


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