scholarly journals Walki Legionów Polskich w Karpatach (wrzesień‑październik 1914 r.)

Sowiniec ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (50-51) ◽  
pp. 9-42
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Decisive Rule

The 2nd Brigade, Polish Legions in the Carpathian Mountains (September-October 1914)In this article, the author presents the activity of the Polish Legions, at that time commanded by General Karol Durski, in the Carpathian Mountains. Polish soldiers then had to fight under very difficult conditions as a result of the numerous deficiencies in equipment and arms. Nonetheless, they tried to perform the tasks to which they were entrusted as best as they could. Amidst the weakness of the Austro-Hungarian army, Polish units in this region played a decisive rule in halting the Russian offensive. This was significant because if the Russians had crossed the Carpathians, this would have led to an invasion of Hungary, which could have had unpredictable consequences. In the first phase, Polish units participated in the struggle to liberate Máramaros County. The second phase consisted of armed conflict in the Nadvirna and Bohorodchany regions. This part of the skirmishes concludes with the bloody Battle of Mołotków on October 29, 1914. Although it ended with a tactical defeat of the Polish units, which were forced to retreat, it was, however, a tactical victory, as the Russians, exhausted by the daylong battle, were forced to cease their offensive maneuvers.

scholarly journals II Brygada Legionów Polskich w Karpatach (listopad-grudzień 1914 r.). Cz. II

Sowiniec ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (52) ◽  
pp. 41-72
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Decisive Rule

The Brigade II of the Polish Legions in the Carpathian Mountains (November‑December 1914): Part II In this article, the author presents the activity of the Polish Legions, at that time commanded by the general Karol Durski, in the Carpathian Mountains. Polish soldiers had to fight there under very difficult conditions as a result of the numerous deficiencies in equipment and arms. Nonetheless, they tried to perform the tasks to which they were entrusted as best as they could. As opposed to the weakness of the Austro‑Hungarian army, the Polish units in this region played a decisive rule in halting the Russian offensive. This was a significant factor because if the Russians had crossed the Carpathians, this would have led to an invasion of Hungary, which could have had unpredictable consequences. In the first phase, the Polish units participated in the fight to liberate Máramaros County. The second phase comprised the armed conflict in the Nadvirna and Bohorodchany regions. This part of the skirmishes was finished with the bloody Battle of Mołotków on October 29, 1914. Although it ended with a tactical defeat of the Polish units, which were forced to retreat, it was, however, a tactical victory, as the Russians, exhausted by the daylong battle, were forced to cease their offensive manoeuvres.

scholarly journals Can the subterranean fauna be used as proxy for past environmental changes? – the example of the Carpathians cave fauna

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Teodora Moldovan ◽  
Ionut Cornel Mirea ◽  
Marius Kenesz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
General View ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Cave Fauna ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Geological Units

Carpathian Mountains were one of the main refuge areas during the climate changes of the Pleistocene and the Holocene in Europe and one of the richest regions in the world in subterranean (caves and associated habitats) endemic species. Nevertheless, the Carpathian Mountains subterranean fauna importance is underestimated especially due to dispersed information on its diversity and the scarcity of molecular studies in the area. Here, we present a first general view of the cave fauna hotspot represented by the Romanian Carpathians and the geological and historical processes that shaped the patterns of subterranean distribution and diversity at regional scale. The Carpathians are an amalgam of various geological units with complex paleogeographical evolution that is reflected in completely different species assemblages dominated by unit specific fauna groups. Phylogeography of Coleoptera and environmental parameters are adding to the general view at regional scale and offer additional explanation for this exceptional subterranean diversification in a non-Mediterranean region. We also use the example of the Carpathians cave fauna as proxy for past environmental changes in the area. Troglobionts are endemic on small areas and by studying their present distributions and phylogeny, past processes of landscape evolution on the surface can be better understood.

scholarly journals Quantitative biogeography of Orthoptera does not support classical qualitative regionalization of the Carpathian Mountains

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-900
Author(s):  
Benjamín Jarčuška ◽  
Peter Kaňuch ◽  
Ladislav Naďo ◽  
Anton Krištín
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Dissimilarity Matrix ◽  
The Carpathians

Abstract The first biogeographical division of the Carpathians, the second largest mountain range in Europe, was based on qualitative observational floristic data > 100 years ago and has also been applied for the regional zoogeography. In this study, the recent availability of detailed quantitative data allowed us to perform a more powerful evaluation of the classical biogeographical regions of the area. Thus, we analysed updated distribution patterns of 137 Orthoptera species native to the Carpathian Mountains and, by using published species range maps, we compiled data on species presence or absence within 2576 cells of a 10 km × 10 km universal transverse mercator grid in the area. Pattern analysis of the data was based on non-metric multidimensional scaling and clustering using six different algorithms applied to a β sim dissimilarity matrix. The unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages, which gave the best performance in the analysis of species turnover, delineated four regions. Environmental variables and species richness were used in logistic regression as predictors of delineated clusters, and indicator species were identified for each of the inferred regions. The pattern can be explained, in part, by environmental variables and species richness (34.2%) and was also influenced by connections with the orthopterofauna from adjacent areas. The observed discrepancy between regionalization based on expert knowledge and the pattern revealed using quantitative data provides a warning that the biogeography of the Carpathians might also have been revised in other taxa, where only classical qualitative regionalization exists.

scholarly journals Unification of data from various seismic catalogues to study seismic activity in the Carpathians Mountain arc

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 837-842
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Braclawska ◽  
Adam Filip Idziak
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Earthquake Catalogue ◽  
Active Area ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Seismic Networks

Abstract The Carpathian Mountainsarc is the most seismically active area in Central Europe. Analysis of the seismicity of entire Carpathian arc requires data from each of the particular catalogues which have to be properly and uniformly entered, standardized and merged. For our study we first had to prepare a database of seismic events (ML ≥ 1.6) compiled from the data of earthquakes taken from individual national seismic networks as well as data from international seismic centers. However, a careful review of these catalogues has uncovered significant inconsistencies, particularly discrepancies in the description of the location, magnitude and completeness of seismic events. To address these inconsistencies, a newly created compound earthquake catalogue was compiled from the aforementioned seismic catalogues and included events that occurred in the Carpathian Mountains arc area between 1976 and 2017. This work is intended to point out some of the problems associated with collecting data from various seismic catalogues as well as the need for their very careful verification, in order to create a uniform set of seismic data across a large area spanning numerous countries. The results suggest that compiling a uniform and dependable earthquake catalogue is crucial for reliable seismic studies.

scholarly journals On the chronology of the Late Pre-Roman Iron Age in eastern Germania in the light of selected types of brooches

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-259
Author(s):  
Piotr Łuczkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Przeworsk Culture ◽  
La Tene ◽  
The Baltic

On the basis of selected types of supra-regional brooches (A.65, Nauheim, Schüsselfibeln, A.18), an attempt was made to check whether they appeared in the eastern part of Germania in the same chronological rhythm as in their home zones. The service life of A.65 brooch and post-oppidial forms A.18 north of the Carpathians corresponds to the chronology in the primary distribution zone, no significant differences can be seen. Another picture – obtained, however, from a small number of finds – is drawn for Nauheim type brooches, which seem to remain in use a little longer in the zone between the Carpathian Mountains and the Baltic coast, until the younger stage of the LT D2 phase. Similarly, bowl-shaped brooches (Schüsselfibeln), probably made mostly in local workshops, were worn in the north for several decades longer than in the zone south of the Carpathian Mountains. In Pomerania they came into use probably slightly earlier than in the area of Przeworsk culture and probably went out of fashion a little faster. This indicates a slightly different rhythm of stylistic and fashion changes between southern and central Poland (Przeworsk culture) and the north – the region of the lower Vistula and the Gulf of Gdańsk. Late La Tène period – Late Pre-Roman Iron Age – chronology – brooches – Przeworsk culture – imports

scholarly journals Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi Ticks-Ventors in Landscape-Geographical Zones of Chernivtsi Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
I.V. Trefanenko ◽  
◽  
L.I. Tymofiichuk ◽  
S.I. Grechko ◽  
T.V. Reva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Mountain Zone ◽  
Ixodes Ticks

The list of human infectious diseases has recently significantly expanded due to new focal infections that are transmitted by the bite of blood-sucking arthropods. Ixodes ticks borrelioses, including Lyme disease, remain the most common naturally occurring transmissible infection in the United States, Europe, and Ukraine in particular. Material and methods. For the last 10 years in Ukraine there has been a tendency to increase the incidence of Lyme disease with an intensive rate from 0.12 in 2000 to 6.45 in 2016. The incidence of Lyme disease in Chernivtsi region during the period under analysis increased by 30 (with an increase in the intensive rate from 0.11% in 2000 to 3.31% in 2016). The purpose of the work was to investigate the prevalence of Ixodes ticks, including positive findings on Borrelia burgdorferi in Chernivtsi region for the period of 2018-2019. Results and discussion. We used the common division of Chernivtsi region into landscape-geographical zones. According to its relief, the territory of Chernivtsi region is divided into a mountain zone (the Bukovynian Carpathians), foothills (Prut-Sirets interfluve) and plain (Prut-Dniester interfluve, forest-steppe zone). We analyzed indicators of the relative number of Ixodes ticks in landscape-geographical areas and the percentage of Ixodes ticks with positive findings, i.e. those that carry the pathogenic Borrelia burgdorferi. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed by the method of determining the confidence interval, the level of probability was taken as p≤0.05. The data comparison obtained in 2018 and 2019 showed that during the study period there was a significant increase in the number of ticks that transmit pathogenic Borrelia, in all regions except the mountain zone, especially prominent in the foothills of the Carpathians. Using statistics data, risk of detection was calculated, which is interpreted as the risk of Lyme disease infection when bitten by a tick. When comparing the zones of the foothills of the Carpathians (19.5%) and the Carpathian Mountains (21%) in 2018 the risk of detection was established at 0.92 [0.63-1.36], and in 2019 – the foothills of the Carpathians (41%) and the Carpathian Mountains (15%), respectively, risk of detection equaled 2.7 [1.66-4.41]. The risk of detection of 1.4 [1.66-4.41] was set for both years. When comparing the foothills of the Carpathians (19.5%) and the Forest-Steppe zone (13.5%) in 2018, the risk of detection was 1.44 [1.01-2.06], and in 2019 - the Foothills of the Carpathians (41%) and the Forest-Steppe zone (24%), respectively, risk of detection – 1.56 [1,17-2,09]. The risk of detection of 1.5 [1.2-1.89] was set for both years. During the next stage of the study, we compared the prevalence of Ixodes ticks, which could cause borreliosis, with bacterial contamination of water in the relevant areas. We found a reliable correlation of medium strength between bacterial contamination of water and the percentage of infected ticks – Cramer coefficient was 0.37. Conclusion. Thus, we found an increase in the number of Ixodes ticks, including Borrelia burgdorferi, in Chernivtsi region over the past two years. The risk of infection with borreliosis from Ixodes ticks had a significant increase and extended from the Forest-Steppe zone to the Foothills and the Carpathian Mountains in the period from 2018 till 2019. A significant correlation was found between bacterial water contamination and the percentage of infected Ixodes ticks in Chernivtsi region

scholarly journals "WHITE ELEPHANT" IN UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS: RECREATIONAL AND TOURIST POTENTIAL

2018 ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Igor Smyrnov ◽  
Anastasia Rikichynska
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
80Th Anniversary ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Current State ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Aim: To uncover the recreational and tourist potential of a unique building on the Mount Pip Ivan Chernogirsky in the Carpathian Mountains, a high-altitude astronomical and meteorological observatory, which is now being restored by the joint Ukrainian-Polish efforts, after 80 years of decline. Methodology: research of archival sources on the history of the construction, functioning, decay and restoration of the unique high-altitude observatory in the Carpathians in the modern conditions, which is now the largest object of Ukrainian-Polish cooperation in the humanitarian sphere. Results: Characteristics of the current state and the possibilities of using the unique high-altitude observatory "White Elephant" in the Carpathians as a factor of the tourism development in the region. Scientific novelty: For the first time a comprehensive study of the past, present and future of the former Polish astronomy and meteorological observatory "White Elephant" has been carried out for the first time in the Chernogora massif of the Ukrainian Carpathians, taking into account the celebrations devoted to the 80th anniversary of its construction, with the participation of the Polish Minister of Investment and Development, the rectors of Warsaw and Precarpathian Universities. Practical significance: the article reveals the peculiarities of the restoration of the White Elephant High-Altitude Observatory in the Carpathian Mountains by joint Ukrainian-Polish efforts and encourages potential investors in this project, including Ukrainian, Polish and European higher educational establishments, for which the observatory can be the base for student practices in geography, meteorology, astronomy, geology, biology, ornithology, etc.

scholarly journals Rare and endangered species in communities of the Adenostylion alliariae alliance in the Carpathian Mountains

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Stachurska-Swakoń
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Subalpine Zone ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
European Mountain

Rare and endangered species in communities of the Adenostylion alliariae alliance in the Carpathian Mountains The Adenostylion alliariae alliance (Mulgedio-Aconitetea class) comprises plant communities which grow optimally in the subalpine zone of the European mountain ranges. The flora of these communities consists of more than four hundred taxa of vascular plants. Some of the diagnostic species are valuable and rare, either in the Carpathians as a whole or in the countries in which the Carpathians lie. In the flora of the plant communities studied, five taxa are indexed in the Polish Red Book of Endangered Plant Species, thirteen taxa are endemic to the Carpathians, and fourteen represent the eastern biogeographical element in the Polish flora. Two taxa are listed in the Annex II of the Habitats Directive.

scholarly journals The Organizational Peculiarities of Musical Performance of Primary School Pupils in the Carpathian Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Iryna Ivasyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
School Work ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Primary School Pupils ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Aesthetic Values

The Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains are a unique European region. In the Carpathiansthere are more than half of the species of the flora and fauna of Ukraine. Rapid rivers, shoelessmeadows, silvery waterfalls, and the incredible beauty of the landscape – all this creates anextraordinary rise in the human soul who has ever travelled to the Carpathians. Among naturallandscapes only mountain ones have an amazing ability to cause human palette of the highest anddeepest feelings. The article is devoted to the solution of the problem of relationship of a humanbeing and nature and the aesthetic influence of the landscape of the Carpathian Mountains onmusical performance. The article also highlights the role of providing the aesthetic values of thelandscape of the Carpathian Mountains in the practice of school work with primary school pupils.The author pays attention to the influence of the landscape on the art of Hutsulschyna. The uniqueenvironment and culture of Hutsulschynaare worth of preserving them for the next generations.Therefore the problem of saving and use of the landscape potential of the Carpathians is one of themost important issues for Ukraine in the field of cultural development.

scholarly journals To the question about the history of origin and use of the title “Carpathians”

2016 ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Andriy Baitsar
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Material Life ◽  
Geographical Research ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

Geographical names, which are given by different peoples, are monuments of culture, spiritual and material life and language. The origin and use of the name “Carpathians” in the scientific literature are considered. The views of researchers who have studied this question in different periods are analysed. Regarding the origin of this name there are many hypotheses. Scientists spend much effort in the study of this issue, but none of the existing theories at present has convincing arguments, but only hypothesis. Based on a detailed study and analysis of scientific and cartographic sources, the results of the regional and local linguistic, historical-linguistically and geographical research of Carpathian place names are summarized, the changes in the name of “Carpathians” is followed. The basic cartographic works on which depicted the Carpathians are characterized. Descriptions of many antique maps are made. Based on the study and mapping significant number of references in this paper the history of mapping the Carpathian Mountains from ancient times is highlighted. Research of the title “Carpathians” cannot be considered complete. Geographers, historians and linguists more than once will turn to this topic. Key words: place names, geographic map, Carpathians, mountain range.

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