Pathogenic Bacteria Carried by Synanthropic Filthy Flies (Musca Species) at Farmed Animals in Sohag Governorat, Egypt. 2, Percentage of Bacterial Infection in Musca Species = البكتيريا المسببة للأمراض التي يحملها الذباب رمي التعايش (أنواع موسكا) في حيوانات المزارع في محافظة سوهاج، مصر. 2، النسبة المئوية للعدوى البكتيرية في أنواع موسكا

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Azza M. Khedre ◽  
Tarek G. Ismail ◽  
Amany A. Yousif
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria

scholarly journals Autotransporter secretion exploits the bacterial actin-homologue

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Ashawesh ◽  
Robert Markus ◽  
Christopher N. Penfold ◽  
Kim R. Hardie
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Toxins ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacterial Cytoskeleton ◽  
Development Of Resistance

AbstractBacterial infection of humans, animals and plants relies heavily on secreted proteases that degrade host defences or activate bacterial toxins. The largest family of proteins secreted by Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, the Autotransporters (ATs), includes key proteolytic virulence factors. There remains uncertainty about the mechanistic steps of the pathway ATs share to exit bacteria, and how it is energetically driven. This study set out to shed light on the AT secretion pathway with the ultimate aim of uncovering novel antimicrobial targets that would be unlikely to trigger the development of resistance mechanisms in bacteria. To do this, two AT virulence factors with distinct proteolytic functions, EspC (secreted from EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli) and AaaA (tethered to the extracellular surface ofPseudomonas aeruginosa) were chosen. EspC and AaaA were fluorescently labelled using two separate methods to establish the localization patterns of ATs as they are secreted from a bacterial cell. Super resolution microscopy revealed that localization of ATs occurs via a helical route along the bacterial cytoskeleton. In addition to requiring the conserved C-terminal β-barrel translocator domain of the AT, we present the first evidence that secretion is dependent on a dynamic interaction with a structure reliant upon the actin homologue MreB and the Sec translocon. These findings provide a step forward in the mechanistic understanding of the secretion of this widely distributed family of proteins that have pivotal roles in bacterial pathogenesis and conserved structural properties that could serve as novel broad-range antimicrobial targets.SignificanceSecreted bacterial proteases facilitate the infection of human, animal and plant hosts by degrading host defences or activating bacterial toxins. The autotransporter family is the largest family of proteins secreted from Gram-negative bacteria, and includes proteolytic virulence factors crucial to bacterial infection. Precisely how autotransporters migrate from the inside to the outside of the cell, and how this movement is energetically driven is a mystery. We demonstrate a spiral pathway of autotransporter secretion, presenting evidence that it involves a dynamic interaction with the actin homologue MreB that comprises the bacterial cytoskeleton. Our findings open the way to unravelling the mechanism of autotransporter secretion and offer the possibility to identify novel antimicrobial targets unlikely to trigger the development of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-30e-5p Regulates SOCS1 and SOCS3 During Bacterial Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Mishra ◽  
Pandikannan Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Himanshu Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Major Player

Host innate immunity is the major player against continuous microbial infection. Various pathogenic bacteria adopt the strategies to evade the immunity and show resistance toward the various established therapies. Despite the advent of many antibiotics for bacterial infections, there is a substantial need for the host-directed therapies (HDTs) to combat the infection. HDTs are recently being adopted to be useful in eradicating intracellular bacterial infection. Changing the innate immune responses of the host cells alters pathogen’s ability to reside inside the cell. MicroRNAs are the small non-coding endogenous molecules and post-transcriptional regulators to target the 3’UTR of the messenger RNA. They are reported to modulate the host’s immune responses during bacterial infections. Exploiting microRNAs as a therapeutic candidate in HDTs upon bacterial infection is still in its infancy. Here, initially, we re-analyzed the publicly available transcriptomic dataset of macrophages, infected with different pathogenic bacteria and identified significant genes and microRNAs common to the differential infections. We thus identified and miR-30e-5p, to be upregulated in different bacterial infections which enhances innate immunity to combat bacterial replication by targeting key negative regulators such as SOCS1 and SOCS3 of innate immune signaling pathways. Therefore, we propose miR-30e-5p as one of the potential candidates to be considered for additional clinical validation toward HDTs.

scholarly journals Prophylactic potential of a Panchgavya formulation against certain pathogenic bacteria

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Patel ◽  
Chinmayi Joshi ◽  
Snehal Funde ◽  
Hanumanthrao Palep ◽  
Vijay Kothari
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Challenge ◽  
Prophylactic Efficacy ◽  
First Report ◽  
Nematode Worm

A Panchgavya preparation was evaluated for its prophylactic efficacy against bacterial infection, employing the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model host. Worms fed with the Panchgavya preparation prior to being challenged with pathogenic bacteria had a better survival rate against four out of five test bacterial pathogens, as compared to the control worms. Panchgavya feeding prior to bacterial challenge was found to be most effective against Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in 27% (p=0.0001) better worm survival. To the best of our awareness, this is the first report demonstrating in vivo prophylactic efficacy of Panchgavya mixture against pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Levofloxacin prophylaxis to prevent bacterial infection in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in acute leukemia

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Mohiuddin Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Neutropenic Patients ◽  
Chemotherapy Induced Neutropenia ◽  
Levofloxacin Prophylaxis

Infection in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (neutrophils <500/mm3) is the main cause of death during the treatment of acute leukemia. Antibiotic prophylaxis is a controversial issue to prevent or delay this infection. This study assessed the efficacy of prophylaxis with oral levofloxacin in chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenic patients. Eighty patients of acute leukemia was randomly assigned to had levofoxacin (500 mg/daily) or placebo from the starting of chemotherapy. Out of 80 patients 53 developed neutropenia and fever. The number of patients with fever (78% vs. 68%), isolation of the pathogenic bacteria (30.43% vs. 16%) was higher and mean starting day of the fever (11.1 vs. 13.2) was shorter in the placebo group than the levofloxacin group. Levofloxacin reduced the bacterial infections and delays the onset of fever in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia especially in short duration (<7 days). Keywords: Chemotherapy; Leukemia; Levofloxacin; NeutropeniaOnline: 8 Feb 2010DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v35i3.4130 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2009; 35: 91-94

scholarly journals Frequently used laboratory pathogenic bacteria and their effect on human health

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3764
Author(s):  
Priyanka Basera ◽  
Meeta Lavania ◽  
Banwari Lal
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Infectious Process ◽  
Micro Organisms

Interactions between micro-organisms with humans are diverse in nature; it can be beneficial or detrimental. According to WHO, 2004 rate of infectious diseases were found to be increases widely and account for 10 million deaths every year. Microorganism consider as a pathogen, when it is capable of causing diseases to human. Which further includes; the invasion in host cells and tissues, adherence to cells, persistence, release of toxic substance, and evade the host's immune system. Ability of pathogen for causing disease is termed as pathogenicity. The pathogenesis of bacterial infection comprises of initiation of the infectious process by multiplying their number in host body which further lead to the development of signs and symptoms of disease.Infectious disease usually due to the detrimental interactions, and is specific to host and pathogen.

scholarly journals Evbakterijski PCR – uporabnost molekularne metode v klinični praksi

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zala Lužnik ◽  
Tjaša Cerar Kišek ◽  
Eva Ružić-Sabljić ◽  
Manica Müller Premru ◽  
Tomaž Jurca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Bacterial Genetic

AbstractBackground: Isolation and identification of bacterial pathogens enables accurate diagnosis of bacterial infection, allowing rational use of appropriate narrow-spectrum antibiotics. In some cases, the routine bacterial culture can give negative results. In those cases additional use of molecular techniques such as eubacterial (broad-range 16S rRNA) PCR may detect and identify bacterial genetic material.Methods: Between February 2012 and April 2013 42 specimens from 35 patients, already treated with antimicrobials, were taken and tested by eubacterial PCR in addition to routine microbiological culture. Results: Eubacterial PCR yielded positive result in 21/42 specimens in 18 patients (in three mixed sequences). Therefore, in 15 patients the diagnosis of bacterial infection was obtained with DNA identification and the results were interpreted in accordance to patients’ history, laboratory and image diagnostics. Only 4 specimens were culture-positive.Conclusions: Although eubacterial PCR enables the identification of any bacterial DNA in clinical specimens, there are some limitations: no information concerning antimicrobial susceptibility of the causative agents, problem of differentiating living from dead bacteria and problem to differentiate contaminants from pathogenic bacteria. The method is also expensive. In the following article recommendations for appropriate and rational use of eubacterial PCR are presented.

scholarly journals Effect of bacterial infection on sperm quality and DNA fragmentation in subfertile men with Leukocytospermia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Eini ◽  
Maryam Azizi Kutenaei ◽  
Fayegheh Zareei ◽  
Zeinolabedin Sharifian Dastjerdi ◽  
Maryam Hosseinzadeh Shirzeyli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Sperm Dna

Abstract Background Although bacterial infections have been recognized as a possible cause of male infertility, the effect of bacterial infections on sperm quality and sperm DNA fragmentation remains controversial. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of bacterial infection in subfertile men and its effect on semen quality. Seminal fluid was collected from 172 male members of infertile couples attending the andrology infertility center and a group of 35 fertile subjects as a control. Sperm parameters and DNA fragmentation were evaluated based on the type of bacteria in all ejaculates. Results From the 172 patients investigated for infertility, 60 (34.88%) patients had a positive culture for pathogenic bacteria of different species. Leukocytospermia was significantly higher in infected samples in comparison with non-infected samples (p < 0.05). Sperm concentration and motility and morphology were significantly lower in infected than non-infected samples. Moreover, sperm DNA fragmentation was significantly higher in infected than non-infected samples. Besides, our results showed that sperm DNA fragmentation was correlated significantly with leukocytospermia (R: 0.22, p < 0.01). Conclusion The present study suggested that bacterial infection significantly correlated with leukocytospermia could impair male fertility potential through decreasing sperm motility, morphology, and DNA integrity.

scholarly journals YTHDF1 drives intestinal immune response against bacterial infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zong ◽  
Xiao Xiao ◽  
Bin Shen ◽  
Qin Jiang ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Unique Mechanism

AbstractInvasion of pathogenic bacteria is a serious threat to intestinal health. Recent emerging evidence has demonstrated that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is closely associated with innate immunity; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we aim to explore the function and mechanism of m6A modification in the regulation of innate immune responses against bacterial pathogens in the intestine. Ribo-seq and m6A-seq data have demonstrated that YTHDF1, an m6A reader, directs the translation of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) mRNA to regulate immune responses via modulation of m6A methylation near stop codon. Furthermore, we have identified a unique mechanism that the interaction between YTHDF1 and the host factor DDX60 are critical in regulating intestinal immune response against bacterial infection by recognizing TRAF6 target transcripts. Additionally, our results provide novel insights as to why YTHDF1 could recognize its unique targets using the same domain as other YTHDF proteins. This work identifies YTHDF1 as a key driver of intestinal immune responses and provides an avenue for development of novel strategies to modulate intestinal immune response against bacterial infection.

scholarly journals The integrated stress response pathway activates 4E-BP to bias mRNA translation and boost antimicrobial peptide synthesis in response to bacterial infection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Vasudevan ◽  
Nicholas Clark ◽  
Jessica Sam ◽  
Beatrix Ueberheide ◽  
Michael T. Marr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Translational Activity ◽  
Stress Response Pathway ◽  
Upstream Kinase ◽  
Transcriptional Induction

Pathogenic bacterial infection imposes considerable cellular stress on the host and often leads to attenuation of mRNA translation. In this translation-suppressive environment, it is unclear how the host synthesizes various antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to mount innate immune response. Here, we use Drosophila as a model to demonstrate that AMP production during infection relies on a translation bias mechanism mediated by the inhibitor of cap-dependent translation 4E-BP ( Drosophila Thor), and the AMP 5′ UTRs that can undergo cap-independent translation. We found that 4E-BP is induced upon infection with the pathogenic bacteria Ecc15 by the stress-responsive transcription factor ATF4, and its upstream kinase GCN2. Moreover, loss of gcn2 , atf4 or 4e-bp compromised immunity against Ecc15 . In 4E-BP mutants, the transcriptional induction of AMPs after infection was unaffected, while the protein levels of AMPs were substantially reduced in their hemolymph. Analysis of the 5′ UTRs of AMPs using cell-based bicistronic reporters and in vitro translation analysis indicated that AMPs are translated in a cap-independent mechanism. Analysis of bicistronic reporters in the presence of 4E-BP indicate that infection enhances cap-independent translational activity associated with AMP 5′ UTRs, accounting for enhanced AMP translation during infection.

scholarly journals Does Small Ruminant Lentivirus Infection in Goats Predispose to Bacterial Infection of the Mammary Gland? A Preliminary Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1851
Author(s):  
Daria Urbańska ◽  
Ryszard Puchała ◽  
Justyna Jarczak ◽  
Michał Czopowicz ◽  
Jarosław Kaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Preliminary Study

The aim of this study was to determine whether asymptomatic small ruminant lentivirus seropositive (SRLV-SP) goats were more susceptible to bacterial infection of the udder when lactating by comparing the presence and species of pathogenic bacteria in their milk with the values for seronegative goats (SRLV-SN). Milk samples were collected during morning milking on days 20, 40, 60, 150, and 210 of lactation for three consecutive years and subjected to bacteriological examination. Staphylococcus caprae and S. xylosus were the most frequent strains identified in both SRLV-SP and SRLV-SN goats. The prevalence of pathogenic bacteria was the highest in the 1st lactation, regardless of SRLV status. Moreover, the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria was significantly higher in SRLV-SP goats, but only those in the 5th or further lactation (p = 0.010). This suggests a relationship between long-lasting SRLV infection and susceptibility to bacterial infections of the udder.

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