scholarly journals The elections and campaign styles influence the spread of COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned from Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5441
Author(s):  
Praveenlal Kuttichira ◽  
Pulikkottil Rapheal Varghese ◽  
Presthiena Lofi E. L. ◽  
Prasad A. B.
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Number ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

Background: The pandemic caused by SARS-Cov-2 and its variants whack the world with overlapping waves. Kerala is the Indian state which successfully curbed the first wave of COVID-19, getting noticed when daunted by the second wave. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of two elections held in Kerala on the transmission of COVID-19 from October 1st, 2020 to May 5th, 2021.Methods: The study employed a retrospective cross-sectional design with publicly available data. The test positivity (TPR) and daily number of cases (DNC) collected from governmental websites of Kerala, India and COVID-19 dashboards entered in MS Excel 2007 and analysed using IBM SPSS version 25. Biweekly average of TPR and DNC was analysed in descriptive statistics and DNC at different periods in the context of elections were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser correction and post hoc test of Bonferroni correction.Results: The findings showed that the daily number of COVID-19 cases increased after both local body and assembly elections, but a statistically significant increase was found after the assembly election [mean difference= 1069 (357.047-1782.419) at p=0.002 from the pre-election period].Conclusions: The study revealed that the conduct of elections in stages and organizing campaigns limiting to the local area following COVID protocols had a demonstrable positive effect against the potential of pandemic spread.

scholarly journals Impact of cutoff points on adolescent sedentary behavior measured by accelerometer

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ially Rayssa Dias Moura ◽  
Arthur Oliveira Barbosa ◽  
Inácio Crochemore Mohnsam da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Romanzini ◽  
Alcides Prazeres Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cutoff Points ◽  
Cochran Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of cutoff points in defining sedentary behavior (SB) time and prevalence, measured by accelerometers in adolescents from Northeastern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study with adolescents aged between 10 and 14 years from public schools in João Pessoa, Paraíba state, conducted in 2014. SB was measured by an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) and the following cutoff points were applied: Evenson (≤ 25 counts/15sec), Puyau (< 800 counts/60sec), Vanhelst (≤ 400 counts/60sec), Hänggi (< 3 counts/1sec) and Romanzini (≤ 180 counts/15sec), along with the 20 and 60-minute accelerometer nonwear time. To compare the average and prevalence of excessive SB time (≥ 8 hours/day) between cutoff points, one-way ANOVA for repeated measures (Bonferroni post hoc) and the Cochran test, respectively, were used. There were significant differences in average SB between the cutoff points analyzed (p > 0.05), ranging from 37.44 min/day (Romanzini: 547.37 min/day vs. Vanhelst: 584.81 min/day) to 370.44 min/day (Hänggi: 310.51 min/day vs. Puyau: 680.95 min/day) for the 20-minute nonwear criterion; and from 81.52 min/day (Evenson: 502.41 min/day vs. Romanzini: 583.93 min/day) to 361.94 min/day (Hänggi: 354.58 min/day vs. Puyau: 716.52 min/day) for the 60-minute criterion. The prevalence of excessive SB varied from 3.3% (Hänggi) to 99.3% (Puyau). Average daily SB and the prevalence of excessive SB in the adolescents showed marked differences between the cutoff points assessed.

scholarly journals The impact of pandemic-related worry on cognitive functioning and risk-taking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin da Silva Castanheira ◽  
Madeleine Sharp ◽  
A Ross Otto
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Economic Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Impact

Here, we sought to quantify the effects of experienced fear and worry, engendered by the COVID-19 pandemic, on both cognitive abilities—speed of information processing, task-set shifting, and proactive control—as well as economic risk-taking. Leveraging a repeated-measures cross-sectional design, we examined the performance of 1517 participants, collected during the early phase of the pandemic in the US (April – June 2020), finding that self-reported pandemic-related worry predicted deficits in information processing speed and maintenance of goal-related context information. Cognitive performance was also impaired relative to pre-pandemic ‘baseline’ samples. In a classic economic risk-taking task, we also observed that more worried individuals’ choices were more sensitive to outcome probabilities of risky actions. Overall, these results elucidate the cognitive consequences of pandemic worry, which may play an important role in individuals’ understanding of—and adherence to—public health directives.

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN SMOKE-FREE AREAS AND SMOKING BEHAVIOR IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Mohamad Anis Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Impact

Background: Low public awareness of the impact of smoking makes the implementation of smoke-free areas (KTR) difficult. Smoke-free areas aim to protect the public from the direct and indirect effects of smoking. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the application of smoke-free areas and the prevalence of active and ex-smokers in Indonesia. Method: This study implemented a cross-sectional design, using secondary data from the Riskesdas 2018 on active and ex-smokers. KTR application data were obtained from the Profile of Non-Communicable Diseases in 2016. A Pearson product-moment test was conducted by a computer application to determine the correlation coefficient (r). This coefficient was used to describe the level of correlation between the two variables; significance was determined as a p value of 5%. Results: This study showed that the average application of KTR throughout Indonesia was 50.83%, active smokers comprised 23.49% of the population, and ex-smokers comprised 4.94%. Most active smokers were in Java and Sumatra, while the majority of ex-smokers were in Java and Sulawesi and the majority of KTR was in Java. This study shows that there is a positive correlation between KTR application and the percentage of ex-smokers (r = 0.46; p value = 0.01). Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the application of KTR and an increase in ex-smokers. The government needs to increase the application of KTR policies.

scholarly journals DAMPAK OVERCAPACITY TERHADAP TINGKAT STATUS GIZI NARAPIDANA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Faiz Fakhri Isjwara
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Unbalanced Diet ◽  
The Impact

The principle of the organization of prisons (Lembaga Pemasyarakatan/ LAPAS) must prioritize a humane approach so that prisoners and prisoners receive their rights. If the implementation is good, the objective of LAPAS is to carry out social reintegration, namely the restoration of the unity of life, life and livelihood of prisoners and correctional students both prisoners as individuals, social beings and God's creatures with society can be achieved. However, this organization faces obstacles, namely the problem of overcapacity. This can have implications for suboptimal and can even lead to failure to function as a correctional institution. The problem of over capacity will also have an impact on the health conditions of prisoners. Sleep conditions, eating patterns, health services that are less than the maximum due to over capacity will certainly have a negative impact on the nutritional status of prisoners. This study aims to determine the impact of Overcapacity Impacts on the Nutritional Status Level of Prisoners in Class II A Penitentiary, Sidoarjo. This type of research is a quantitative correlational analytic survey with a cross-sectional design. The number of samples was 91 inmates. The sampling technique is by random sampling. Data is collected by weighing body weight and height and comparing with ideal body weight. The results showed that the more overcapacity, the nutritional status of prisoners decreased. Room conditions can affect the provision of an unbalanced diet. Thus, that this causes the prisoners to experience malnutrition.

scholarly journals Effect of Core Mass and Alloy on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Different Nickel-Titanium Endodontic Instruments in Matching Artificial Canals

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5734
Author(s):  
Sebastian Bürklein ◽  
Lennart Zupanc ◽  
David Donnermeyer ◽  
Karsten Tegtmeyer ◽  
Edgar Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Core Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Impact

Instrument failure during root canal preparation is still a concern among endodontists. However, it remains unclear whether the use of more martensitic alloys or the cross-sectional design parameters (i.e., core mass) significantly improve fracture resistance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of core mass and alloy on dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments in matching artificial canals at body temperature. Two groups were tested. (A) taper 0.04: F360 (Komet, Lemgo, Germany), Twisted file (Sybron Endo, Glendora, CA, USA) (=TF), JIZAI (Mani, Tochigi, Japan) (=J_04) (all size #25) and the variable tapered TruNatomy (Dentsply, Ballaigues, Switzerland) (size #26) (=TN). (B) size #25; taper 0.06: (Mtwo (VDW, Munich, Germany), JIZAI (Mani) (=J_06), and variable tapered Hyflex EDM OneFile (Coltene Whaledent, Altstätten, Switzerland) (=HF). Time, number of cycles to fracture (NCF), and number and length of fractured fragments were recorded and statistically analysed using ANOVA Student-Newman-Keuls, Kruskal–Wallis or Chi-square test (significance level = 0.05). (A) TN showed the significantly shortest time until fracture, followed by TF, F360 and J_04 which also differed significantly, while NCF showed the following order: F360 < TN < TF < J_04 (p < 0.05). Only one J_04 but all instruments of the other groups fractured within the test-limit of 10 min. (B) Mtwo was significantly inferior concerning time until fracture and NCF, compared to J_06 and HF (p < 0.05), which did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). While all Mtwo instruments fractured, only four instruments failed in the other groups (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, alloy and cross-sectional design (i.e., core mass) were critical factors regarding instrument failure, but none of these factors could be determined as a main parameter for increased or decreased time, and cycles to fracture. Rather, it seemed to be the interaction of multiple factors (e.g., longitudinal and cross-sectional design, alloy, and rotational speed) that was responsible for differences in the time and cycles to fracture. Nonetheless, all instruments had lifetimes that allow safe clinical use. However, the superiority or inferiority of an instrument with regard to cyclic fatigue based on laboratory results—even when identical trajectories are guaranteed—may be considered questionable, as the characteristics and design parameters of the instruments vary considerably, and the experimental setups lack additional clinical parameters and thus clinical relevance.

Symptom Responses to a Continuum of Sexual Trauma

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie M. Carretta ◽  
Ann W. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Trauma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Symptom Presentation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Post Hoc

This study reports the findings of an anonymous web-based survey to test differences in symptom presentation (depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) among women who experienced different types of sexual trauma (forcible, pressured, sex stress). The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design with an online convenience sample of 243 adult females living primarily in the United States. The findings revealed that there was a statistically significant difference among type of sexual trauma groups for depression (p = .013) and PTSD (p = .044) but not for anxiety (p = .183). Post hoc analysis of the overall difference in depression revealed that the multiple rape type group (p = .010) and the forcible sex group (p = .016) had higher levels of depression.

Impact of nurses' emotional intelligence on the implementation of a professional practice model in cancer care

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (19) ◽  
pp. 1110-1116
Author(s):  
Majeda A Al-Ruzzieh ◽  
Omar Ayaad
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Practice Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Impact

Aim: To examine the impact of emotional intelligence on the effective implementation of a professional practice model in a specialised cancer centre. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design with 580 frontline nurses at King Hussein Cancer Center, Jordan. The sample was selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using two self-administered questionnaires to measure emotional intelligence and professional practice. Results: The overall mean value of emotional intelligence was 5.60 out of 6 (SD=0.78), while the overall mean value for the implementation of the professional practice model was 4.76/5 (SD=0.59). The results showed that the overall mean value of emotional intelligence had a significant positive correlation with the effective implementation of the professional practice model (r=0.580, P<0.001), even after adjusting for the participants' demographics (P<0.001). Conclusion: Emotional intelligence can be considered a predictor for the effective implementation of a professional practice model.

Building resilience in retail supply chains: Lessons learned from COVID-19 and future pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atif Saleem Butt
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study explores the countermeasures taken by retailers to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on supply chain disruptions.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses a multiple case study approach and undertakes 36 semi-structured interviews with senior management of the four largest retailers of the United Arab Emirates. The respondents were designated at different positions such as Vice President, Director and Project Manager.FindingsResults reveal that retailers are employing six countermeasures to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on supply chains. Particularly, retailers are securing required demand, preserving cash flows, redirecting inventory, adding capacity to their distribution centres, becoming more flexible with their direct or third-party logistics provider and finally widening delivery options for their suppliers to mitigate the impact of COVID-19.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has some limitations. First, the results of this study cannot be generalized to a broader population as it attempts to build an initial theory. Second, this study uses a cross-sectional approach to explore the countermeasures employed by retailing firms to mitigate the effects of COVID-19.Originality/valueA notable weakness in a supply chain disruption literature is an unfulfilled need for research examining the strategies employed by retailers to respond to/address the challenges posed by COVID-19. Our study fills this gap.

scholarly journals From Age 4 to 8, Children Become Increasingly Aware About Normative Situations for Adults to Consume Alcohol

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Voogt ◽  
Koen Smit ◽  
Marloes Kleinjan ◽  
Roy Otten ◽  
Tessa Scheffers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Frequent Drinking ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Aims Limited cross-sectional studies have indicated that young children have some knowledge of the type of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol. However, it is unclear when and how this knowledge develops over time. This study tests the hypothesis that between the ages of 4 and 8, children become more knowledgeable about common drinking situations (e.g. ‘partying’) and uncommon situations (e.g. ‘driving’). Methods Data of two independent samples were used: a cross-sectional study (parents) and a three-wave longitudinal study (children). Parents and children were recruited via a convenience and random sampling strategy, respectively. To identify common, ambivalent, and uncommon drinking situations, parents (N = 158; 47% men) completed an online survey in which they indicated how common it is that any adult would drink alcohol in the 18 situations of the Dutch electronic appropriate beverage (eABT). Children (N = 329; 48.9% boys) completed the Dutch eABT to assess their knowledge of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol. Results General linear model repeated measures with post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed that parents’ perceptions of common, ambivalent, and uncommon situations in which adults consume alcohol predicted the initial level and the change over time in children’s knowledge of adults’ alcohol use in these situations. Conclusions Children aged 4–8 become increasingly knowledgeable about drinking norms in specific situations which implies that they know in what kind of situation alcohol consumption is a common human behavior. This knowledge may put them at risk for early alcohol initiation and frequent drinking later in life.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on orthopaedic emergency presentations in a remote and rural population

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 621-627
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Elhalawany ◽  
James Beastall ◽  
Gerard Cousins
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Minor Injuries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

Aims COVID-19 remains the major focus of healthcare provision. Managing orthopaedic emergencies effectively, while at the same time protecting patients and staff, remains a challenge. We explore how the UK lockdown affected the rate, distribution, and type of orthopaedic emergency department (ED) presentations, using the same period in 2019 as reference. This article discusses considerations for the ED and trauma wards to help to maintain the safety of patients and healthcare providers with an emphasis on more remote geography. Methods The study was conducted from 23 March 2020 to 5 May 2020 during the full lockdown period (2020 group) and compared to the same time frame in 2019 (2019 group). Included are all patients who attended the ED at Raigmore Hospital during this period from both the local area and tertiary referral from throughout the UK Highlands. Data was collected and analyzed through the ED Information System (EDIS) as well as ward and theatre records. Results A total of 1,978 patients presented to the ED during the lockdown period, compared to 4,777 patients in the same timeframe in 2019; a reduction of 58.6%. Orthopaedic presentations in 2020 and 2019 were 736 (37.2%) and 1,729 (36.2%) respectively, representing a 57.4% reduction. During the lockdown, 43.6% of operations were major procedures (n = 48) and 56.4% were minor procedures (n = 62), representing a significant proportional shift. Conclusion During the COVID- 19 lockdown period there was a significant reduction in ED attendances and orthopaedic presentations compared to 2019. We also observed that there was a proportional increase in fractures in elderly patients and in minor injuries requiring surgery. These represented the majority of the orthopaedic workload during the lockdown period of 2020. Given this shift towards smaller surgical procedures, we suggest that access to a minor operating theatre in or close to ED would be desirable in the event of a second wave or future crisis.

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