scholarly journals Effect and Accumulation of Lanthanum on the Growth and Physiological Activities of Cymbopogon Flexuosus (Nees Ex Steud.)W.Watson

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 951-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aradhana Basu ◽  
Swati Panda ◽  
Nabin Dhal
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽  
Long Time

The rare earth elements are a set of seventeen chemical elements which involve the lanthanide series from Lanthanum (La), Tolutetium (Lu), Scandium (Sc), and Yttrium (Y) in the periodic table. Even if Rare Earth Elements are used widely in industry and agriculture in China as well as India for a long time, there has been increasing interest in the application of REEs to plants in recent years. In this paper, we discussed the effect of REE on growth and physiological activities of the plant. By compilation and investigation of these data, we found that REEs have promoting impact at certain concentration. An increase in Chlorophyll, enzymes and protein content further indicated the stimulating effect of La on physiological activities of the selected plants. Depending on the results of this preliminary investigation we can say that a new REE hyperaccumulator, Cymbopogon flexuosus (Lemon grass), was discovered which could accumulate Lanthanum is 20.725 mg g-1 and 25.625 mg g-1 dry mass in root and shoot part respectively under natural growth conditions. Advanced research should be invested regarding the impacts of REEs on yields of cultivated plants.

scholarly journals An Updated Review of Toxicity Effect of the Rare Earth Elements (REEs) on Aquatic Organisms

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1663
Author(s):  
Nemi Malhotra ◽  
Hua-Shu Hsu ◽  
Sung-Tzu Liang ◽  
Marri Jmelou M. Roldan ◽  
Jiann-Shing Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Earth's Crust

Rare earth elements (REEs) or “technology metals” were coined by the U.S. Department of Energy, a group of seventeen elements found in the Earth’s crust. These chemical elements are vital and irreplaceable to the world of technology owing to their unique physical, chemical, and light-emitting properties, all of which are beneficial in modern healthcare, telecommunication, and defense. Rare earth elements are relatively abundant in Earth’s crust, with critical qualities to the device performance. The reuse and recycling of rare earth elements through different technologies can minimize impacts on the environment; however, there is insufficient data about their biological, bioaccumulation, and health effects. The increasing usage of rare earth elements has raised concern about environmental toxicity, which may further cause harmful effects on human health. The study aims to review the toxicity analysis of these rare earth elements concerning aquatic biota, considering it to be the sensitive indicator of the environment. Based on the limited reports of REE effects, the review highlights the need for more detailed studies on the hormetic effects of REEs. Aquatic biota is a cheap, robust, and efficient platform to study REEs’ toxicity, mobility of REEs, and biomagnification in water bodies. REEs’ diverse effects on aquatic life forms have been observed due to the lack of safety limits and extensive use in the various sectors. In accordance with the available data, we have put in efforts to compile all the relevant research results in this paper related to the topic “toxicity effect of REEs on aquatic life”.

Rare-earth element distribution features in natural-technogenic complexes of some polymetallic deposits of Eastern Transbaikalia

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Т. Tsyrenov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Geological Institute ◽  
Distribution Features ◽  
Rare Earth Element Distribution ◽  
Eastern Transbaikalia ◽  
Lead Zinc

The purpose of the study is to investigate rare-earth elements distribution features in all components of the natural-technogenic complexes of Akatuevsky, Blagodatsky and Novo-Shirokinsky polymetallic deposits of Eastern Transbaikalia. Due to increasing demand for rare-earth elements (REE) in various fields of industry, identification of features of REE distribution in natural-technogenic complexes of polymetallic deposits of Eastern Transbaikalia is relevant. The chemical elements of the REE group include 15 elements, yttrium (Y) and the lanthanoid group consisting of 14 elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu). Determination of the elemental composition of samples was carried out by X-ray fluorescence method in the Geological Institute of the Geological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ulan-Ude) and by ICP- MS method in the laboratory of SGS Vostok Limited (Chita). In the process of investigations REE concentrations in all components of natural-technogenic complexes of Akatuevsky, Blagodatsky and Novo-Shirokinsky polymetallic deposits (lead-zinc ores, technozems, soils) were determined. Their regular decrease of REE concentrations in the order: soils→technozems→lead-zinc ores was established. In the most of studied samples there is a decrease of heavy lanthanides content relative to light ones, as well as negative europium anomaly, in some samples of lead-zinc ores positive europium anomaly is observed. Europium anomaly magnitude (Eu/Eu*) is an indicator of the degree of differentiation of magmatic melts, determined by plagioclase fractionation processes. It is known that feldspars serve as the main controller of the Europium anomaly. The phenomenon of a negative europium anomaly is observed if plagioclase remains in the source after fractional crystallization or partial melting. Positive europium anomaly in sulphide ores is caused by the presence of barite, as well as by the accumulation of plagioclase in the liquid phase due to the fractionation process. REE is known to have adverse effects on the environment due to its high biological and biochemical activity. Modern methods of remediation of the potential damage to the environment have been proposed

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES AND PGR OF ZEASTIMULIN ON WEEDING AND YIELD OF CORN

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Svitlana Okrushko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Growing Conditions

The system of protection of cultivated plants from the negative effects of weeds is an important element in the technology of growing corn. The application of the chemical method allows to effectively and for a long time get rid of the agrophytocenosis of weeds. Weeds significantly impair the growing conditions of cultivated plants and prevent them from realizing the opportunities inherent in the genetic potential of the crop. Maize has a low level of competitiveness against weeds. The aim of the article was: to substantiate the application of insurance herbicides Laudis and Stellar for weed control and their joint use with PGR Zeastimulin to increase corn grain yield. Medium-early maize hybrid PR39T45 FAO 250 was grown. It is characterized by good cold resistance and drought resistance. The size of the registered area of plots is 20 m2, repeated three times with a systematic arrangement of options. The predecessor of corn was potatoes. Herbicides and PGR Zeastimulin were applied in the phase of 3-4 leaves in corn. After treatment of crops with Laudis herbicide, weed accounting showed a decrease in the number of weeds by 89,7% compared to control. At the time of maize harvesting, Laudis reduced the level of weeding by 94,7% in quantity and by 655 g/m2 of mass compared to the natural background without the introduction of herbicides and growth regulator. The application of Stellar herbicide allowed better control of the number and weight of weeds, due to its effect on perennials. The decrease in weed numbers was 93,5% during the first survey, 97,0% during the second and 97,9% during the third. In the experimental variants, where herbicides were applied together with PGR Zeastimulin, no decrease in the number of weeds was observed, and only a slight decrease in the above-ground air-dry mass of weed plants was observed. The height of maize in the phase of 7-8 leaves on the herbicidal background was higher by 17,3% (var. 2) and 19,8% (var. 4) than on the control variant. Treatment of crops with Zeastimulin provided an increase of this indicator by another 2 cm. Due to the positive effect of the growth regulator, the length of maize cobs increased from 17,9 cm to 18,6 cm in the version of weed control by Laudis (0,5 kg/ha), and from 18,3 cm to 19,4 cm in the variant of herbicide application. Stellar (1,1 l/ha). In maize, the diameter of the cobs increased due to a decrease in the negative effects of weeds and under the influence of PGR Zeastimulin. Weed control in maize agrophytocenoses with Laudis herbicide (0,5 kg/ha) provided better conditions for cultivated plants, which gave a grain yield increase of 2,9 t/ha, and Stellar herbicide (1,1 l/ha) - for 3,1 t/ha. The application of Zeastimulin to maize crops increased the yield by 9,5% in the Laudis herbicide variant (0,5 kg/ha) and by 9,2% in the Stellar herbicide variant (1,1 l/ha). Further studies are planned to continue the assessment in maize agrophytocenoses of the effects of Laudis and Stellar herbicides on weed and PGR Zeastimulin under different weather conditions during the growing season. Key words: corn, weeds, herbicides, plant growth regulator, yield.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY AND ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALSIN THE GRAIN OF VARIOUS GENOTYPES OF SPRING BARLEY UNDER CONDITIONS OF SOIL CONTAMINATION WITH COPPER AND LEAD

REPORTS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 335 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
R.A. Alybayeva ◽  
M.N. Kalmakhan ◽  
Z.A. Inelova ◽  
S.D. Atabayeva ◽  
N.S. Akhambayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
Long Time

Environmental pollution, especially by chemical substances, is one of the most powerful factors in disrupting components of the biosphere. Currently, the biosphere receives a lot of pollutants. Among them are significant heavy metals. Among the chemical elements, heavy metals are the most toxic. The danger of increasing the content of heavy metals in the soil and heavy metals in the atmosphere is associated with active absorption and accumulation of plants, which not only negatively affect their active actions, but also threaten human and animal health. The danger of metals is that they have a cumulative effect and retain these toxic properties for a long time. In connection with the task of studying the gene pool of cultivated plants in the conditions of technogenic pollution, the study of metal resistance of barley varieties was carried out in order to identify promising forms for growing in the East Kazakhstan region, as well as breeding donors that collect the minimum amount of pollutants. The results obtained allow us to suggest donors resistant to heavy metals that can be used in breeding and genetic research. Barley is a concentrated product for animals, as the composition is rich in starch and protein. Barley seeds, along with amino acids, protein, lysine and tryptophan, which cannot be replaced by another substance, are preserved better than in other crops. Barley in Kazakhstan ranks second after wheat. The East Kazakhstan region is favorable and in demand for growing barley. However, the damage to the vessels by heavy metal affected the commissioning of the product. The most effective way out of this is to prevent the genetic and physiological effects of the genes of these tolerant (hardy) species. Genotype identification is a new and unexplored area of invention for products that grow against heavy metals in plants.

Genesis of Late Miocene-Pliocene lacustrine palygorskite and calcretes from Kırşehir, central Anatolia, Turkey

Clay Minerals ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kadİr ◽  
M. Eren ◽  
T. Külah ◽  
N. Önalgİl ◽  
M. Cesur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Host Rocks

AbstractThis paper addresses the mineralogy, geochemistry, and genesis of palygorskite and associated calcretes in the Kırşehir region. In this area, the Quaternary calcretes are present within and/or on lacustrine mudstones of the Kızılırmak Formation (Late Miocene-Pliocene). The calcretes occur in the form of nodules, tubes, fracture-infills, and hard laminated crusts (hardpans). Calcrete samples are predominantly composed of calcite associated with smectite, quartz, feldspar, and minor palygorskite. The lacustrine mudstone samples consist mainly of smectite and palygorskite with minor calcite, quartz, feldspar, illite, kaolinite and amorphous material. Petrographic studies revealed that the calcrete samples are predominantly micrites that were partially converted to microsparites by recrystallization. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images indicate that palygorskite fibres formed authigenically on and between calcite rhombs in the calcrete samples and at the edges of smectite flakes of host rocks adjacent to the calcretes. The oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope values of the calcite suggest that it precipitated from meteoric water under arid or seasonally arid climatic conditions. Calcite precipitation occurred in the vadose zone, as evidenced by desiccation cracks and vadose pisolites. The enrichment of Rb+Ba±Sr and Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) relative to Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE)with a distinct negative Eu anomaly are responses to the fractionation of volcanogenic feldspar and hornblende under the influence of meteoric water. The palygorskite associated with calcretes was precipitated from alkaline water rich in Si, Al and Fe and low in Mg. The palygorskite precipitation occurred at increased temperatures, characterising the advanced stage of calcrete formation which lowers the Ca content in the soil water. The required chemical elements for palygorskite and calcite were most likely derived from the dissolution of smectitic clays, ignimbrites and carbonate minerals.

scholarly journals Garnet as Indicator of Pegmatite Evolution: The Case Study of Pegmatites from the Oxford Pegmatite Field (Maine, USA)

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Lorena Hernández-Filiberto ◽  
Encarnación Roda-Robles ◽  
William B. Simmons ◽  
Karen L. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Major Element ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Compositional Variations

Almandine-spessartine garnets, from the Oxford County pegmatites and the Palermo No. 1 pegmatite, record significant compositional variations according to the degree of evolution of their hosting rock. Garnets from the most fractionated pegmatites (Mt. Mica, Berry-Havey, and Emmons) show the highest Mn, Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf values, followed by those from the intermediate grade pegmatites (Palermo No. 1) and, finally, garnets from the barren pegmatites show the lowest values (Perham and Stop-35). Iron, Ca, and Mg contents follow an inverse order, with the highest contents in the latter pegmatites. Major element zoning shows increasing Mn values from core to rim in most garnet samples, while trace element zoning is not systematic except for some crystals which show a core to rim depletion for most of these elements. Chondrite normalized HREE (Heavy Rare Earth Elements) spectra show positive slopes for garnets from barren pegmatites, both positive and negative slopes for those associated with the intermediate pegmatite, and negative or flat slopes in garnets from the highly fractionated pegmatites. Ion exchange mechanisms, including Fe2+−1Mn2+1, (Fe2+, Mn2+)−1Si−1Li1P1; and, (Y, Ho3+)2(vac)1(Fe2+, Mn2+)−3, could explain most of the compositional variations observed in these garnets. These compositional variations are the reflection of the composition of the pegmatitic magma (barren pegmatites originate from a more ferromagnesian magma than fractionated pegmatites); and of the coexisting mineral phases competing with garnets to host certain chemical elements, such as biotite, schorl, plagioclase, apatite, Fe-Mn phosphates, Nb-Ta oxides, zircon, xenotime, and monazite.

scholarly journals How Rare Are Rare-Earth Elements in Living Things?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Bustillos-Cristales ◽  
Yagul Pedraza-Pérez ◽  
Luis Ernesto Fuentes-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Living Organisms

Rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of metallic chemical elements that share some properties and that despite their name are not too rare in the Earth’s crust. Until recently, we did not know of any REEs that were necessary for any living organism. Now we know that there are some bacteria that use REEs to perform reactions that let them consume alcohol. Humans are also interested in REEs because these elements are valuable for many technological applications. In this article, we will explain the only known participation of REEs in living organisms and explain why future research on REEs is important.

scholarly journals Microelements in the Late Pleistocene ice wedges of Seyakha yedoma, east of Yamal Peninsula

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Yurij Kirillovich Vasil'chuk ◽  
Jessica Yur'evna Vasil'chuk ◽  
Nadine Arkad'evna Budantseva ◽  
Alla Сonstantinovna Vasil'chuk
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Snow Layer

The subject of this research is the composition of micro- and macro- rare earth elements in the Late Pleistocene syngenetic ice wedges of the Seyakha yedoma, explored in the outcrop of the Gulf of Ob in the east of Yamal Peninsula (70°9'27.88 "N, 72° 34'8.31" E), north of the Western Siberia. The All-Russian Scientific-research Institution of Mineral Resources after named N.M. Fedorovsky examined the composition of chemical elements in the ice wedges using the methods of atomic-emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry with inductively linked plasma (spectrometers Elan-6100, Optima-4300DV, Perkin-Elmer, Polyvac E-1000, Rank Hilger). The following conclusions were made: 1) Ice wedges of the Seyakha yedoma are rich in macro - and microelements was recorded, which exceeds such in ice wedges of Yakutia by 8-10 times. The high composition of microelements indicates the role of aerosol and soil particles in the formation of chemical composition of ice. The differences between the ice of Yamal and Northeastern Yakutia also testify that the chemical composition reflects the involvement of marine aerosols in ice formation. 2) Rare-earth elements accumulate in the ice of Seyakha yedoma. The composition of all rare-earth elements exceeds the Clarke number in river waters by 69 (Tm ) – 382 (Y) times. 3) Variability of microelement composition within the ice wedge is insignificant, which implies that the water of the polluted with dust and aerosols spring-summer snow is filtered through the entire snow layer and is partially cleaned prior to getting into the ice-break in the ground under the snow.

Natural Resource Exploration With Sonar on Underwater Vehicle

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Sawa ◽  
Takafumi Kasaya ◽  
Tadahiro Hyakudome ◽  
Hiroshi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Underwater Robotics ◽  
Underwater Exploration

Occurring as a set of 17 chemical elements in the periodic table, rare earth elements such as neodymium are necessary for the development of mobile phones and magnet motors. Although securing rare earth elements is essential for economic growth of all nations, their demand is rapidly expanding among global powers such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Rare earth element deposits were discovered in the seafloor near hydrothermal vents in the 1980s. Japan has the sixth largest exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and is abundant in underwater natural resources such as a cobalt and a manganese mine. Because underwater exploration of rare earth elements was deemed unprofitable, the practice was suspended. Current advancements in underwater robotics, however, have led to economic viability in this venture. Such developments have resulted in the increased use of remote sensing with sonars on unmanned underwater vehicles. The Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) developed a cruising autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) known as Urashima. This AUV performed its first sea trial in 2000, and cruise for 317 km without recharging or refueling in 2005 as a world record at the time. The first mission of Urashima was a vast sea exploration to investigate worldwide environmental crises such as global warming. However, the purpose of these missions has since then shifted primarily to the exploration of underwater natural resources. In addition, JAMSTEC developed a synthetic aperture sonar on a neutral buoyancy towfish in 2010. This underwater exploration system, known as Kyouryuu, scanned Wakamiko caldera at the sea bottom in Kagoshima Bay where volcanic activity was evident. Numerous hot-water flows from hydrothermal vents were clearly recorded. In addition, many dormant chimneys were detected. These features provide important data for estimating the distribution of hydrothermal vents and chimneys in addition to their transitions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document