scholarly journals Assessment of Bacterial Pollution in Sediment of Padma River, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ayenuddin Haque ◽  
Md. Abu Sayed Jewel ◽  
Abdulla Al Masud ◽  
Md. Shahinur Rahman ◽  
Jakia Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Pollution ◽  
Padma River

Padma is one of the largest rivers of Bangladesh, which has huge potential for fishery resources. Microbial pollution status of this riverine ecosystem has not been evaluated yet. Therefore, the present study was conducted to find out the bacterial pollution in sediment of this river. Four distinctive study locations were evaluated for three respective seasons in 2016. Enumeration of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB), total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) and Vibrio cholerae were done by standard plate count technique from surface layer of sediment samples. Results revealed that all the samples were contaminated with THB, TC, FC and Vibrio cholerae with a range of 20.60×106±1.41 cfu/g (Site-2 Padma Garden) to 3.46×106±0.47 cfu/g (Site-4 Talaimari), 140.00×104±22.63 cfu/g (Site-2 Padma Garden) to 2.88×104±0.97 cfu/g (Site-1 T-Dam), 5.98×103±0.36 cfu/g (Site-2 Padma Garden) to 1.04×103±0.08 (Site-4 Talaimari) and 3.85×104±0.26 cfu/g (Site-3 I-Dam) to 0.91×104±0.07 cfu/g (Site-4 Talaimari), respectively. The bacterial density data had seasonality showing very high density during summer and winter seasons and the lowest in monsoon season. During the study period, it was observed that Site-2 (Padma Garden) and Site-3 (I-Dam) was comparatively more polluted with bacteria then other two sites. As per the criteria of sediment quality evaluation, the sediment of Padma River can be categorized as moderate to moderately high polluted with total heterotrophic bacteria, while very little polluted with fecal coliform bacteria. Therefore, the present study suggests a regular monitoring and assessment for reducing the bacterial load into the Padma River ecosystem through appropriate measures.

scholarly journals Bacteriology of the fresh water bivalve clam Batissa violacea (Kai) sold in the Suva market

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
A A M Hatha ◽  
K S Christi ◽  
R Singh ◽  
S Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
The Family ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count

Forty samples of freshwater clam (Batissa violacea), popularly known as Kai, collected from the Suva market were analysed for total aerobic plate count and total coliforms. The heterotrophic bacteria isolated by plate count were also characterised up to genera. The results indicated higher than acceptable level of plate count and coliform bacteria. While total plate count of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 5.5 x 105 colony forming units (cfu) per gram to more than 107 cfu/ gram, total coliform load varied between 1.1 x 104 to 1.1 x 105 per 100 gm of Kai flesh. The characterisation of the heterotrophic bacteria revealed the predominance of the genera Micrococcus (34%) and Bacillus (24%). Other genera encountered included Acinetobacter, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The results revealed the need for depuration of the Kai in clean running water to reduce the bacterial load to acceptable levels. Temperature control soon after harvesting by proper icing and thorough cooking of the Kai before consumption is also recommended.

Microbiological quality and safety of Ready- to- eat foods from restaurants and food establishments in Yirgalem town Southern, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegaye Shamebo Arficho ◽  
Asefa Hamato Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Abstract Background: Foodborne illnesses are considered as one of the most important public health problems particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the microbiological quality and safety of ready-to-eat foods in Yirgalem town, southern Ethiopia from November 2016 to August 2017. Methods: The collection of ready-to-eat food samples and laboratory-based microbiological analysis was used as the study design. A total of 160 food samples comprising of 40 ‘Injera firfir’, 40‘Bayeaynet’, 40 Vegetables and 40 Spaghetti were collected and analyzed for microbial contamination following standard microbiological methods. Ten grams of each food sample was transferred into 90 ml of buffered peptone water and homogenized for 5 minutes using a vortex mixer. The homogenates were serial diluted up to 10-7 and a volume of 0.1ml aliquot was spread plated on pre-solidified media of Aerobic plate count agar, MacConkey agar, Mannitol salt agar, and Salmonella-Shigella agar and incubate at 35-37oc for 24 hrs. Also, Potato Dextrose Agar was used for the isolation of fungi. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: All the collected food samples were subjected to total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Coliform bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcal, Yeasts, and Molds counts. Accordingly, the mean counts expressed as log10 CFU/g of food for each group of the organism were 7.90 ± 0.71, 4.31±1.30, 4.32 ± 1.30, 6.70 ± 0.34 and 4.5 ± 1.01, respectively. The highest bacterial load 162(28.9%) was detected in ‘Injera firfir’ whereas the lowest 108(19.2%) case was investigated in Spaghettis. Regarding the food safety issue, the frequency of S. aureus, E. coli and Salmonella spp in the food samples were 54.4%, 43.8%, and 0.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The high microbial load and existence of foodborne pathogens in ready-to-eat foods in Yirgalem town, Southern Ethiopia is calling for the creation of awareness among restaurant and food establishment owners and food handlers concerning the hygienic practice. Keyword: Microbial quality, Yirgalem town, Southern Ethiopia

Comparison of Methods for Determining Coliform and Escherichia coli Levels in Apple Cider†

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1302-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
TODD M. SILK ◽  
ELLIOT T. RYSER ◽  
CATHERINE W. DONNELLY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Positive Results

The main objective of this research was to determine the easiest and most reliable media for enumerating coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli levels in apple cider. During the autumn of 1994 a total of 59 apple cider samples were collected directly from 12 cider producers and were assessed for bacterial levels and pH. Plate count agar was used to determine heterotrophic bacteria levels. Coliform levels were determined using three different media: violet red bile agar (VRBA), Petrifilm High Sensitivity Coliform Count Plates (PHSCCP), and Trypticase soy agar with a VRBA overlay (TSA/VRBA) for attempted recovery of coliforms injured by the low pH of the apple cider. Eosin methylene blue agar (EMBA) and Petrifilm E. coli Count Plates were used to screen cider samples for E. coli. Apple cider had an average pH of 3.34 ± 0.08. Heterotrophic bacterial levels ranged from 2.30 to 7.11 log CFU/ml. All cider samples contained coliform bacteria with levels varying greatly; on the different media, we found the following: on VRBA, <1.00 to 4.37 log CFU/ml; on TSA/VRBA, 1.20 to 4.40 log CFU/ml; and on PHSCCP, < 1.00 to 4.56 log CFU/ml. Coliform levels were most easily determined in apple cider by using PHSCCP. However TSA/VRBA proved to be more reliable; coliform detection was significantly (P < 0.05) increased. EMBA was ineffective for screening apple cider for E. coli, with the low pH of the cider producing many false-positive results. E. coli was only recovered by using Petrifilm E. coli Count Plates with one of the 59 samples positive for E. coli (non-O157:H7) at a level of 10 CFU/ml.

Effect of microalgae growing on wastewater batch culture on escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae survival

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mezrioui ◽  
B. Oudra ◽  
K. Oufdou ◽  
L. Hassani ◽  
M. Loudiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Stabilization Ponds

The stabilization pond is one of the more important biological wastewater treatment systems, applied in many countries. An experiment treating wastewater by stabilization ponds under the arid climate of Marrakesh (Morocco) has been underway since 1985. The experimental installation, made from two lined stabilization ponds, received domestic sewage which carried not only the organic load but also a significant bacterial load and other microorganisms. In this new habitat, the cells' bacterial behaviour was affected by various physico-chemical and biological factors. It appears that in such treatment system, known for excessive algal production, the microalgae has evidently an influence on bacterial growth. In this paper, we proposed to appreciate how microalgae essentially: Chlorella (Chlorophyta), Synechococcus andSynechocystis (Cyanobacteria), can affect the behaviour, survival and temporal evolution of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae. In wastewater stabilization ponds of Marrakesh high levels of V. cholerae and low concentrations of coliform bacteria were noted during summer periods. This period coincided with a bloom of picocyanobacteria associated with a weak relative abundance of Chlorella. Some interactions tests were carried out with these bacteria and these algae, using a treated wastewater batch culture. Results show that the green algae reduces V. cholerae (pathogenic bacteria) abundances more than E. coli (fecal contamination bacteria) where as better survival of this pathogenic bacteria was noted in presence of Cyanobacteria. The die-off of E. coli appears to be more reduced in presence of Cyanobacteria than Chlorella. Furthermore, the alkaline pH seems to present a more bactericidal effect on E. coli than on V. cholerae. Thus, the Cyanobacteria blooms, associated with a weak percentage of Chlorella abundance, occurring periodically during summer in sewage stabilization ponds of Marrakesh, will be considered as one of the major factors leading to high levels of V. cholerae and low abundances of fecal coliform bacteria during the hot period.

Improved detection of acid mine water stressed coliform bacteria on media containing catalase and sodium pyruvate

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Calabrese ◽  
Gary K. Bissonnette
Keyword(s):  
Mine Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Acid Mine Water ◽  
Sodium Pyruvate ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Plate Count Agar

Pure culture suspensions of two strains of exponential and stationary phase Escherichia coli exhibited significant reductions in catalase activity following exposure to acid mine water (AMW). The exogenous addition of catalase (500–2000 U) or sodium pyruvate (0.05–5%) to a nonselective recovery medium resulted in enhanced detection (12- to 465-fold) of AMW-stressed E. coli as compared with recovery on the medium lacking these supplements, whereas addition of 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid failed to improve recovery. Additional in vitro experiments utilizing selective M-FC, mT7, and M-Endo media containing 1000 U catalase or 1.0% pyruvate similarly resulted in improved detection of AMW-stressed cells, with the exception of M-Endo containing pyruvate. Appropriately modified media were then used to analyze an AMW-impacted stream by the membrane filtration technique. Addition of catalase, pyruvate, or a combination of both significantly improved recovery of fecal and total coliforms without promoting growth of noncoliforms. Supplementation of plate count agar with pyruvate and (or) catalase enhanced detection of total heterotrophs. These findings suggest that addition of catalase or pyruvate to standard recovery media may improve detection of coliform and total heterotrophic bacteria in AMW-impacted waters. Key words: acid mine water, coliforms, stress.

scholarly journals Load of HeteLoad of Heterotrophicrotrophic and Nitrifying Bacteria in the Sewage Lagoon and the Receiving River Buriganga

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehedi Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
M Kawser Ahmed ◽  
Fauzia Hafiz ◽  
Abu Muhammad Imtiaz Hussain ◽  
Sahana Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Sewage Effluents ◽  
Receiving River ◽  
Sewage Lagoons

The present study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of some selected heterotrophic bacteria in one of the sewage lagoons and in the river Buriganga, which receives the sewage effluents from the sewage lagoons, with a view to evaluate the effect of sewage treatment. The heterotrophic plate count (HPC) ranged from 1.1 x 108 to 3.0 x 109 cfu/ml in sewage lagoon from January to December 2005. The HPC values ranged from 1.1 x 105 to 3.0 x 109 cfu/ml in the outfall of the sewage effluents and other sampling locations in the river Buriganga. The total and faecal coliform counts of the sewage lagoon and the discharge point in the river were always very high as >2.4 x 103 cfu/100 ml in all seasons as measured by the MPN method. Salmonellae were isolated occasionally, while vibrios were frequently isolated from all the sampling points from throughout the year. The MPN values of nitrifying bacteria were also estimated to compare with HPC values. Ammonium oxidizers ranged from 1.1 x 102 to 1.1 x 103/ml in the sewage lagoon and 2.0 x 101 to 2.2 x 103 /ml in the river water. Nitrite oxidizers showed very low MPN values. This study suggests that the water of the river Buriganga was heavily polluted. It also suggests that the oxidation or self-purification system in the oxidation lagoons and subsequent treatment of the effluents were far from satisfactory level. Even the discharged sewage in the river Buriganga remains equally contaminated, which had been demonstrated by the presence of large number of pathogenic organisms. This poses health hazards to the users of the water from the river and also poses risks for the aquatic organisms of this water body.Keywords: Sewage lagoon, Buriganga River, Heterotrophic bacteria, Coliform bacteria Salmonella, Vibrio, Nitrifying bacteriaDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v23i2.869Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 23, Number 2, December 2006, pp 93-97

Rapid enzymatic detection of heterotrophic activity of environmental bacteria

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tryland ◽  
L. Fiksdal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Environmental Bacteria ◽  
Enzymatic Detection ◽  
General Indicator

Heterotrophic plate count (HPC) is considered a useful general indicator of water quality. However, the analysis time is too long (48-72h) to provide information about a decrease in water quality that may require immediate remedial measures. High numbers of heterotrophic bacteria (HB) may also interact in the analysis of coliform bacteria resulting in false low numbers. Limited information is available on the variation of cellular 4-methylumbelliferyl-heptanoate hydrolase (MUHase) activity of HB under different environmental conditions and it is not known if MUHase activity exists in all HB. In this study, MUHase activity has been evaluated for rapid (25min) detection of HPC. The MUHase activity of different bacterial isolates from environmental water samples varied by several log units. Natural water samples showed less variation in activity calculated per CFU, indicating a relatively constant ratio between numbers of bacteria with high and low enzyme levels. The MUHase activity therefore provided a rapid estimate of the HPC of the water samples. The MUHase activity was more resistant to chlorine than the HPC, and separate HPC versus MUHase activity correlation curves should be established for chlorinated and non-chlorinated water.

scholarly journals Determination of Bacterial Quality of Water in Randomly Selected Swimming Pools in Kampala City, Uganda

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Margaret Ekopai ◽  
Nathan Lubowa Musisi ◽  
Howard Onyuth ◽  
Benigna Gabriela Namara ◽  
Celsus Sente
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Kampala City ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count

Swimming pools have become major recreation facilities for leisure and sports in cities across the world, but the standard guidelines, particularly in developing countries, are not adhered to because little is known about the contaminants in the pools and the possible health risks involved. This study provides a survey of bacterial quality of water from swimming pools in Kampala. A total of 26 water samples were collected from 13 outdoor swimming pools in Kampala between January and June 2016 and analysed for total aerobic plate count (TPC), Escherichia coli, coliforms, and Salmonella. The heterotrophic bacterial load ranged between 0 and 6.35 × 105 cfu/ml, where 6.35 × 105 cfu/ml was the highest load and 3 × 101 cfu/ml the least. The highest average TPC was 6.19 × 105 cfu/ml and the lowest 5.07 × 103 cfu/ml. 30.8% of the pools had TPC within acceptable limits (≤5 × 102 cfu/ml), whereas 69.2% were highly contaminated and did not conform to the Uganda National Water and Sewerage Corporation standards of recreational water quality for both treated (0 cfu/100 mls) water and untreated (10 cfu/100 mls) water. Although no positive results were yielded for E. coli, coliforms, and Salmonella, TPC represented the presence of heterotrophic bacteria which are often indicated in opportunistic infections.

Analysis of Coliform and Colifecal Total Pollution Test on Various Types of Drinking Water Using the MPN (Most Probable Number) Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Aulya ◽  
Fadhliani Fadhliani ◽  
Vivi Mardina
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria

Water is the main source for life and also the most severe substance caused by pollution. The mandatory parameters for determining microbiological quality of drinking water are total non-fecal Coliform bacteria and Coliform fecal (Escherichia coli). Coliform bacteria are a group of microorganisms commonly used as indicators, where these bacteria can be a signal to determine whether a water source has been contaminated by bacteria or not, while fecal Coliform bacteria are indicator bacteria polluting pathogenic bacteria originating from human feces and warm-blooded animals (mammals) . The water inspection method in this study uses the MPN (Most Probable Number) method which consists of 3 tests, namely, the presumption test, the affirmation test, and the reinforcement test. The results showed that of 15 drinking water samples 8 samples were tested positive for Coliform bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1, 15 (210/100 ml), while 7 other samples were negative. From 8 positive Coliform samples only 1 sample was stated to be negative fecal Coliform bacteria and 7 other samples were positive for Coliform fecal bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1 (210/100 ml).

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