Comparison of Primary Energy Requirement of Neighborhood Facilities according to Heat Source Types and Window Wall Ratio by Usage Purpose

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Requirement

scholarly journals Energetic Aspects of Turfgrass Mowing: Comparison of Different Rotary Mowing Systems

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Michel Pirchio ◽  
Marco Fontanelli ◽  
Fabio Labanca ◽  
Mino Sportelli ◽  
Christian Frasconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Full Throttle ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Primary Energy Requirement

Turfgrass mowing is one of the most important operations concerning turfgrass maintenance. Over time, different mowing machines have been developed, such as reel mowers, rotary mowers, and flail mowers. Rotary mowers have become the most widespread mowers for their great versatility and easy maintenance. Modern rotary mowers can be equipped with battery-powered electric motors and precise settings, such as blade rpm. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the differences in power consumption of a gasoline-powered rotary mower and a battery-powered rotary mower. Each mower worked on two different turfgrass species (bermudagrass and tall fescue) fertilized with two different nitrogen rates (100 and 200 kg ha−1). The battery-powered mower was set at its lowest and highest blade rpm value, while the gasoline-powered mower was set at full throttle. From the data acquired, it was possible to see that the gasoline-powered mower had a much higher primary energy requirement, independent of the turf species. Moreover, comparing the electricity consumption of the battery-powered mower over time, it was possible to see that the power consumption varied according to the growth rate of both turf species. These results show that there is a partial waste of energy when using a gasoline-powered mower compared to a battery-powered mower.

scholarly journals Forecasting Primary Energy Requirements of Territories by Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average and Backpropagation Neural Network Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ning-Kang Pan ◽  
Chunwan Lv
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Backpropagation Neural Network ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Primary Energy Requirement

Forecasting energy data, especially the primary energy requirement, is the key part of policy-making. For those territories of different developing types, seeking a knowledge-based and dependable forecasting model is an essential prerequisite for the prosperous development of policy-making. In this paper, both autoregressive integrated moving average and backpropagation neural network models which have been proved to be very efficient in forecasting are applied to the forecasts of the primary energy consumption of three different developing types of territories. It is shown that the average relative errors between the actual data and simulated value are from 4.5% to 5.9% by the autoregressive integrated moving average and from 0.04% to 0.47% by the backpropagation neural network. Specially, this research shows that the backpropagation neural network model presents a better prediction of primary energy requirement when considering gross domestic product, population, and the particular values as predictors. Furthermore, we indicate that the single-input backpropagation neural network model can still work when the particular values have contributed most to the energy consumption.

Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a Solar Air Heater Assisted by a Dehumidification System for an Agriculture Greenhouse

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Almehmadi ◽  
Kevin Hallinan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Solar Air Heater ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Air Heater ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Appropriate greenhouse microclimate control is essential for optimizing plant growth and food production. But, maintenance of a greenhouse microclimate generally requires an excessive amount of energy. According to a report published by Scott Sanford [1], the energy cost for greenhouses is considered the third highest annual cost, behind labor and plant materials. At northern latitudes, heating is the primary energy requirement needed in an agriculture greenhouse, comprising 70 to 80% of a typical greenhouse energy consumption [1]. A reduction of heating energy is necessary to ensure the economic viability of a greenhouse. This research investigates the potential energy savings associated with integrating a solar air heater assisted with a desiccant wheel in an agriculture greenhouse. This study has two main thrusts. The first is to demonstrate the energy effectiveness a solar air heater with a dehumidification system to maintain the internal climate. The second thrust is to develop a multi-linear regression model that can be used to predict the hourly heating requirement. Thereafter, the developed regression model can be used to conduct a parametric analysis to investigate the impact of changing greenhouse parameters on the total heating requirements. A case study has been considered for a greenhouse that is 30 m long and 24 m wide. The climate condition of the city of Dayton, OH was selected for this case. The predicted performance of the integrated system is compared with two other heating systems: electric and gas furnaces. The study reveals that heating energy savings in the proposed system is 51% and 30% when compared with the electric and gas furnaces, respectively. Aside from heating energy savings, the proposed system can be efficiently used to control indoor humidity in a way that ensures better crop yield.

Impact of district heat source on primary energy savings of a desiccant-enhanced evaporative cooling system

Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 432-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Won Dong ◽  
Sung-Joon Lee ◽  
Dong-Seob Yoon ◽  
Joon-Young Park ◽  
Jae-Weon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System

scholarly journals A study on the design and analysis of a gas engine heat pump water heater using shower wastewater as heat source

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-318
Author(s):  
Fengguo Liu ◽  
Zhenxi Ma ◽  
Rui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater

Abstract Shower wastewater contains large amounts of heat, and recovering and utilizing shower wastewater heat energy to heat shower water is of great significance for energy saving. This paper proposed a gas engine heat pump water heater (GEHPWH) using shower wastewater as the heat source. Thermodynamic models were built to evaluate the performance of the GEHPWH and compare it with an electrical heat pump water heater (EHPWH). The results show that the GEHPWH has higher hot water outlet temperature and coefficient of performance (COP) than the EHPWH under the same conditions. Furthermore, the GEHPWH can maintain stable hot water outlet temperature and higher primary energy ratio (PER) in variable water flow mode, which resolves the issue that the conventional EHPWH needs an auxiliary heat source. Finally, based on a case, the GEHPWH reveals smaller energy consumption and lower operating costs compared with three other conventional hot-water schemes.

Status of external firing of biomass in gas turbines

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bram ◽  
J De Ruyck ◽  
A Novak-Zdravkovic
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
External Heat ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
External Heat Source ◽  
Under Construction

Dry biomass can be used as a fuel for gas turbines in different ways: it can be gasified or pyrolysed for internal combustion or it can be used as an external heat source. This heat source can be used to replace the combustor, to preheat the ccombustion air, or eventually to feed a primary reformer to yield hydrogen for the gas turbine. The present paper discusses the use of biomass as on external heat source from both a technical and an economic point of view. Past, present, and future projects are discussed. Possibilities range from cogeneration with microturbines where the biomass can cover a major part of the primary energy, to combined cycle plants where biomass can replace a small percentage of the natural gas. A microturbine EFGT project under construction is disclosed.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Digestion of Biomass for production of Biogas: Progress and Advantages

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Kumar Gaurav
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources

A major share of world’s primary energy requirement is dependent on fossil fuels which is not only a non renewable source of energy and on the verge of extinction but also associated with serious environmental concerns. To combat these issues, alternative renewable energy sources are required. Certain examples of renewable energy sources are solar energy, wind energy, hydro and thermal energy, biofuels etc. Biomass is one such alternative which is freely and abundantly available. It is mainly the agricultural waste and vegetable waste which are perishable and create a lot of nuisance. Tapping this biomass for energy production will be beneficial in two ways; it will be an excellent source of energy generation and it will also help in waste management for environment protection. Energy generation from Biomass can take place either chemically or thermo-chemically. In the present paper advantages of anaerobic digestion of biomass are discussed for biogas production.

scholarly journals Design and Development of Solar-biogas Hybrid Dryer for Onion Drying

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
A. K. Rupnar ◽  
Sudhir Jain ◽  
N. L. Panwar ◽  
S. K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Hybrid Mode ◽  
Air Heater ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Drying Chamber

A solar-biogas hybrid dryer was designed, developed and tested for onion drying with a capacity of 8 kg/batch. Solar energy was utilized as primary energy for onion drying in a greenhouse type drying chamber (direct solar) and biogas powered air heater used as a supplementary heat source for continuous operation. The hybrid dryer consists of greenhouse type drying chamber, concentric pipe air heater and biogas burner. The greenhouse type drying chamber has floor area of 1300 mm×900 mm and collector area of 3 m2. The dryer was operated as a solar dryer during normal sunny day and hybrid mode whenever sunlight is insufficient to maintain desired 60°C inside the drying chamber. The results indicated that the moisture content of onion slices reduced from 80.06% (wb) to 9.88% (wb) in 12 hours in hybrid mode drying. A biogas powered air heater operated for 3 hours in a day with effectiveness of 0.87 and biogas burner efficiency of 47.59%. The dryer was techno-economically feasible with a benefit cost ratio of 1.12 and payback period of 2.1 years.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR HEAT EXCHANGERS OF UNCONVENTIONAL CHP UNITS

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Durcansky
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Working Medium

An unconventional CHP unit with a hot air engine is designed as the primary energy source with fuel in the form of biomass. The heat source is a furnace designed for combustion of biomass, whether in the form of wood logs or pellets. The transport of energy generated by the biomass combustion to the working medium of a hot-air engine is ensured by a special heat exchanger connected to this resource. The correct operation of the hot-air engine is largely dependent on an appropriate design of the exchanger. The paper deals with the calculation of the heat exchanger for the applications<br />mentioned, using criterion equations, and based on CFD simulations.

Ultrastructural alterations in the fetal mouse myocardium in response to genetic and environmental factors

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
K.C. Feng-Chen ◽  
F.B. Essien ◽  
K.J. Prestwidge ◽  
J.T. Cheng ◽  
C.L. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Cardiac Contraction ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Fetal Mouse ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Physiological Adjustments ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetically Determined

The physiology of the fetal heart differs significantly from that of the mature post-natal organ: e.g., the metabolic supply for adult cardiac contraction relies mainly on fatty acids; whereas, the fetal heart uses carbohydrates as its primary energy source. Limited morphological descriptions of the developing myocardium have appeared. However, additional studies are required to elucidate the ultrastructural changes occuring in the perinatal period when enormous physiological adjustments are made. Although adult animals are most often used in toxocological and pathological analyses, it is also important to investigate fetal cardiac responsiveness to various agents. The vulnerability of the ultrastructure of the fetal mouse myocardium to genetic and environmental assault is the subject of this report. The genetically determined effect on the heart was observed in mouse embryos homozygous for the cab (cardiac abnormality) mutation discovered by Essien.

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