scholarly journals Performance of Dioscorea rotundata Peel as an Environmental Waste Additive in Enhancing the Insulating Properties of a Local Clay Mineral

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
K.G. Akpomie ◽  
C.C. Ezeofor ◽  
O.L. Alum ◽  
U.A. Augustine ◽  
F.N. Ibeanu
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Local Clay ◽  
Insulating Properties

The effect of Dioscorea rotundata peel environmental waste as an insulating additive for local clay was studied. The potential of a low cost indigenous clay mineral obtained from Akpugu-Ezedike in Nigeria for industrial application was also evaluated. The clay was characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Prepared slurry mixture of the clay and peels were shaped, dried and fired. The chemical composition of the clay was determined by classical methods. Physical properties such as linear shrinkage, total shrinkage, modulus of rupture, apparent density, bulk density, apparent porosity,s welling index and water absorption, modulus of plasticity and refractoriness of the fired samples were determined. The clay was found to have a refractoriness of 12000C. SEM analysis revealed an increase in porosity of the fired clay bodies with increase in dosage of Dioscorea rotundata added. This result was corroborated by the high apparent porosity 49.67 – 60.02% and water absorption recorded 30.92 – 48.44% for the mixed fired samples. The result of this study clearly indicated the potential of Dioscorea rotundata peel as additive in enhancing insulating properties of fired clay as well as the usefulness of the local clay mineral for industrial purposes.

Effect of Calcined-Bauxite Quality and Secondary Mullitization Reaction on Firing and Properties of Ceramic Plates

2019 ◽  
Vol 960 ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Li Biao Xiao ◽  
Xiao Qing Hua ◽  
Qun Hu Xue
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
High Water ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Ceramic Plate ◽  
High Temperature Reaction ◽  
Low Modulus ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Main Factor

Addition of different types of calcined bauxites to the ceramic plate formulation was performed to study effects on the firing and properties of the resulting ceramic plates. The physical and chemical characteristics, high-temperature reaction degree, thermochemical behavior, mineral composition, and microstructure of the calcined bauxites were analyzed. The results showed that lightly calcined bauxite could minimize the linear shrinkage rate. However, incomplete high-temperature secondary mullitization reaction could inhibit completion of product sintering and result in a loose microstructure, high water absorption index, and low modulus of rupture. Application of GAL-85 high-temperature calcined bauxite yielded a product with good sintering performance and low water absorption; increased amounts of mullite reinforcement phase also increased the strength of the plate. The degree of secondary mullitization was the main factor affecting the performance of the ceramic plate.

scholarly journals Manufacturing of porous refractories from Iraqi Kaolin by adding expanded polystyrene waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (37) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Shihab A. Zaidan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Final Outcome ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Polystyrene Waste

Fabrication of porous clay refractory insulating specimens from Iraqi kaolin with different percentage of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) waste crumbs additions were investigated. After mixing and forming by hand molding, the specimens was dried and fired at 1300 oC. The structural, physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the refractory insulating products were measured. Maximum addition of EPS (1.25 wt%) lead to reduce the linear shrinkage to less than 1.7% and increased apparent porosity up to 50 %. As well as, the density, Modulus of rupture and thermal conductivity were reduced to 1.39 g/cm3, 4.1 MPa and 0.21 W/m.K, respectively. The final outcome, addition of EPS showed good results in the formation of pores without distorting the dimensions of specimens and without any cracks. In addition, it is possible to use these thermal insulators at temperatures up to 1300 oC.

scholarly journals Investigation on Physico-Chemical Properties of Vitreous China Sanitary Ware from Local Clays

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaj Parveen ◽  
Shirin Akter Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Sanitary Ware ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Black Clay

The cost of producing sanitary ware in Bangladesh is substantially low as compared to the advanced countries, because of low labour cost and abundance of basic raw materials. Ten sanitary ware compositions were prepared using Bijoypur clay, black clay, red clay, ball clay and china clay with fluxes and filler materials. Chemical compositions of the raw materials and the formulated batch compositions were determined. Physical properties (linear shrinkage, bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption etc) and the modulus of rupture (MOR) of the prepared body compositions were also determined. The sample specimens were fired at 1150°C and 1200°C. Compositions S-3, S-4, S- 5, S-7, S-8 and S-10 at 1150°C were found to be of good quality. Key words: Linear shrinkage; Bulk density; Water absorption; MOR; Red clay; Black clay. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i4.7386 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(4), 387-392, 2010

Effects of the Z Value on the Properties of β-Sialon/ZrO2 Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 471-474
Author(s):  
Rui Sheng Wang ◽  
Jun Cong Wei ◽  
Jun Hong Zhao ◽  
Yong Wu He ◽  
Fu Hua Peng
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Water Absorption Rate ◽  
Shock Resistance ◽  
Z Value ◽  
Sialon Powder

β-Sialon/ZrO2 composites were prepared using 10 wt. % β-Sialon powder (where the z =1, 2, 3, respectively) and 90 wt. % ZrO2 powder as the starting materials. The effects of the Z value of β-Sialon on the bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption rate, room temperature modulus of rupture, thermal shock resistance, microstructure and composition of the composites were investigated. The microstructure of sintered specimens was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that with increase of the Z value of β–Sialon, bulk density gradually increased, apparent porosity and water absorption rate gradually decreased. The specimen possessed a maximum MOR (71.46MPa) when the z=2. In carbon embedded condition, the residual strength ratio of the specimen reached 60% and the lowest thermal expansion rate was obtained (0.55%) when the z=1. The phase compositions were cubic ZrO2 (c-ZrO2) and monoclinic ZrO2 (m-ZrO2). β-Sialon/ZrO2 composites exhibited overall optimum performance when the z equals 2

Effect of Titanium Dioxide Manufacturing Waste in Mechanical Properties of Red Ceramics

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Daniel Véras Ribeiro ◽  
S.C. Figueiredo ◽  
Alexandre T. Machado ◽  
F.R. Valenzuela Diaz ◽  
C.A.C. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Vacuum Filter ◽  
Rotary Vacuum ◽  
Filter Mud ◽  
Red Ceramics

Rotary-vacuum-filter mud (RVFM) is waste generated during the manufacturing process of titanium dioxide. In this work, RVFM and ceramic bricks containing different ratios of this waste are investigated. The mud samples were characterized using thermal analysis (TG/DTG). The aim of the present work was to determine the effect of adding RVFM on the ceramic properties of clay, such as apparent porosity, water absorption, linear shrinkage and flexural strength, used to produce blocks and tiles. Samples were dried out at 110°C and fired at 800°C, 950°C and 1100°C. The addition of RVFM tends to increase the apparent porosity and water absorption and to decrease the flexural strength of the ceramic specimens. Based on the results, ceramic specimens with 20% RVFM content burned at 800°C can not be used as bricks, and ceramic specimens with 20% RVFM content fired at 800°C and 950°C can not be used as tiles, according to Brazilian standards.

Experimental Statistics Applied to Porous Ceramics Processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 912 ◽  
pp. 230-233
Author(s):  
Déborah Caroline de Oliveira ◽  
Patrícia Neves Mendes ◽  
Lucas Marcello Godinho ◽  
Sylma Carvalho Maestrelli ◽  
Ana Gabriela Storion
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Refractory Clay ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Ceramic Filters

Statistical techniques are particularly useful in the engineering, objecting the optimization of fabrication processes. This paper had the purpose of evaluating if the variables such as mechanical resistance, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, density and water absorption are influenced by the amount of peat added to refractory clay, to ensure the porosity on the production of porous ceramics used as ceramic filters. In order to treat the data it was used the technique of variance analysis, with the regression analysis and the Scott-Knott test. According to the variance analysis, there were some differences between the treatments for all properties analyzed and, by the regression analysis, optimum peat levels were found for all properties analyzed, for some properties these levels were considered inadequate for being superior to the limit stablished.

The Effects of Composition on the Physical Properties of Locally Mined Ceramic Clays in the Atwima Nwabiagya District of Ghana

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
S.K. Nimo ◽  
P.S. Kwawukume ◽  
F. Boakye
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Shrinkage Porosity ◽  
Thermal Resistivity ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Insulating Properties

This paper reports work done which seeks to enhance the insulating property of locally mined clays with application to the building and insulation of medium temperature furnaces. Mixtures of locally mined clays with kaolin obtained from Teleku bokasso in the Western Region of Ghana were made. Samples were mixed in different ratios to form composite bodies in the form of bricks of dimensions 7mm×7mm×7mm cast at constant pressure and sintering temperature of 1000 °C. The clays used were characterized in terms of their particle size and chemical composition. The thermal resistivity, water absorption, weight loss, shrinkage, porosity and strength of samples were determined. The results showed that for all samples studied, an increase in Teleku bokasso clay enhanced the insulating properties of the samples from an average of 0.24% for samples containing 20% Teleku bokasso to approximately 2% for samples containing 60% of Teleku bokasso. Mixtures of Teleku bokasso with Afari clay were on the average 1% more thermally resistant than those of Mfensi. Sample A3 (with 40% Teleku bokasso with Afari) is recommended for the building of local furnaces because it had its strength more than doubled (105%) and was by 2% more resistant to heat than M3 (40% Teleku bokasso with Mfensi). All samples showed low weight loss levels, low water absorption, good linear shrinkage and compressive strength.

scholarly journals Optimisation of the Physical Properties of Rice Husk Ash in Ceramic Materials Using the Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Asotah Wisdom ◽  
Udochukwu Mark ◽  
Elakhame Zeberu ◽  
Abraham Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Apparent Porosity

Optimisation of the physical properties of rice husk ash (RHA) in ceramic materials was carried out using Response Surface Methodology. The independent variables, namely the firing temperature and residue content, were statistically combined in a Central Composite Design with the effects on water absorption, linear shrinkage, bulk density, apparent porosity and apparent specific gravity determined. Physical and microstructural analyses were carried out to obtain information on the processes that occurred within the ceramic materials. The results obtained were analysed to determine the optimum physical properties of the ceramic materials within the range investigated. The residue content had a significant influence (at 95% confidence level) on the bulk density, water absorption, apparent porosity and apparent specific gravity but not on the linear shrinkage. The firing temperature had a more significant effect on the linear shrinkage than on the residue content, so that when elevated it contributed to an increase in linear shrinkage. The optimum residue content and firing temperature to enhance physical properties within the range investigated were 5.85% RHA and 1029.64°celsius, respectively. These optimal conditions are expected to produce a ceramic material with a bulk density, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, water absorption and apparent specific gravity of 1.64 g/cm3, 0.29%, 0.29 g/cm3, 18.26% and 2.11, respectively with a composite desirability of 100%.

scholarly journals Kaolin-Enhanced Superabsorbent Composites: Synthesis, Characterization and Swelling Behaviors

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
Mengna Chen ◽  
Xuelong Chen ◽  
Caiyan Zhang ◽  
Baozheng Cui ◽  
Zewen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Water ◽  
Kinetic Mechanism ◽  
Swelling Kinetics ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Ph Tolerance ◽  
Monovalent Salt ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

One type of low-cost and eco-friendly organic‒inorganic superabsorbent composite (SAPC) was synthesized by free radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AA), starch (ST), sodium alginate (SA) and kaolin (KL) in aqueous solution. The structure and morphology of the SAPC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The influence of different reaction conditions on water absorption of SAPC, i.e., SA and KL contents, AA neutralization degree (ND), potassium persulfate (KPS) and N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) loading were systematically studied. Under the optimal synthesis conditions, very high water absorption of 1200 g/g was achieved. The swelling kinetic mechanism of SAPC was studied by pseudo-second order swelling kinetics model and Ritger‒Peppas model. The performances of SAPC under different environments were tested and results revealed that this new SAPC had excellent swelling capacity, high water retention, good salt tolerance in monovalent salt solution (NaCl solution) and good pH tolerance between 4 and 10.

scholarly journals Properties of Low-Cost WPCs Made from Alien Invasive Trees and rLDPE for Interior Use in Social Housing

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2436
Author(s):  
Abubakar Sadiq Mohammed ◽  
Martina Meincken
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Invasive Trees ◽  
Recycled Low Density Polyethylene

Low-cost wood–plastic composites (WPCs) were developed from invasive trees and recycled low-density polyethylene. The aim was to produce affordable building materials for low-cost social housing in South Africa. Both raw materials are regarded as waste materials, and the subsequent product development adds value to the resources, while simultaneously reducing the waste stream. The production costs were minimised by utilising the entire biomass of Acacia saligna salvaged from clearing operations without any prior processing, and low-grade recycled low-density polyethylene to make WPCs without any additives. Different biomass/plastic ratios, particle sizes, and press settings were evaluated to determine the optimum processing parameters to obtain WPCs with adequate properties. The water absorption, dimensional stability, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and tensile moduli were improved at longer press times and higher temperatures for all blending ratios. This has been attributed to the crystallisation of the lignocellulose and thermally induced cross-linking in the polyethylene. An increased biomass ratio and particle size were positively correlated with water absorption and thickness swelling and inversely related with MOR, tensile strength, and density due to an incomplete encapsulation of the biomass by the plastic matrix. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilising low-grade recycled polyethylene and the whole-tree biomass of A. saligna, without the need for pre-processing and the addition of expensive modifiers, to produce WPCs with properties that satisfy the minimum requirements for interior cladding or ceiling material.

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