Antidiarrheal Activity of Four Different Species of Litsea Available in Bangladesh

The objective of the present study includes the evaluation of the antidiarrheal properties of the methanol extracts of Litsea deccanensis Gamble (MELD) bark, Litsealancifolia (Roxb.) Hook. f. MELL),Litseaglutinosa Gamble (MELG) and Litsea monopetala Roxb. (MELM) leavesin Swiss albino mice. The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated by measuring percentage inhibition of diarrheal feces, total fecal output, gastrointestinal motility and by using peristaltic indices. Castor oil was used to induce diarrhea in the experimental animal. The experiments were carried out by using three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) of these four plant extracts. The number of wet feces and total weight of the feces were significantly (p < 0.05) and dose-dependently reduced by all the plant extracts and this effect was comparable with standard drug. MELD, MELL, MELG and MELM extracts at dose of 400 mg/kg body weight demonstrated diarrheal inhibition by 43.55%, 45.16%, 32.26% and 41.94%, respectively while it was 98.39% for the standard loperamide. Percentage (%) of fecal output for MELD, MELL, MELG and MELM extracts at the dose of 400 mg/kg were 40.14%, 62.27%, 64.06%, 46.26%, respectively.The gastrointestinal motility induced by castor oil was also reduced noticeably (p < 0.05) by all the plant extracts with the increasing doses. The percentage inhibition of gastrointestinal motility at the dose of 400 mg/kg were 26.26%, 33.22%, 32.36% and 22.52% for the MELD, MELL, MELG and MELM extracts respectively, while it was 27.56% for loperamide. In most cases, all the plant extracts can reduce the peristaltic indices which were comparable to control. The obtained results from this study revealed that the methanol extracts of four different species of Litsea found in Bangladesh may have antidiarrheal potential. It also provides the basis for the traditional use of these plants to treat diarrhea.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity of 80% Methanolic Leaf Extract of Osyris quadripartita Decne (Santalaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice

Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2515690x19833340 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 2515690X1983334 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meseret Yigzaw Teferi ◽

Mohammedbirhan Abdulwuhab ◽

Jibril Seid Yesuf

Keyword(s):

Castor Oil ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Intestinal Content ◽

Negative Control ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Antidiarrheal Activity ◽

Albino Mice ◽

Different Doses

The leaf of Osyris quadripartita is traditionally used for the management of diarrhea in different parts of Ethiopia. However, its use has not been scientifically validated for its efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate antidiarrheal activity of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of O. quadripartita in mice models. Different doses of the methanolic leaf extract of O. quadripartita (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were tested for antidiarrheal activity using castor oil–induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility models in Swiss Albino mice. The activities of the extract at different doses were compared with standard drugs and negative control groups of mice. The extract at all tested doses resulted in significant reduction ( P < .01) in number of wet feces, whereas significant reduction ( P < .01) in frequency of defecation in castor oil–induced diarrhea was seen at a dose of 400 mg/kg. It also showed a dose-dependent and significant reduction of volume of intestinal content in the enteropooling model at all tested doses and the observed results in 200 and 400 mg/kg were better than the standard drug, loperamide. However, significant antimotility effect was not observed at any of the tested doses. From these results we can conclude that methanolic leaf extract of O. quadripartita showed antidiarrheal activity.

Download Full-text

Antidiarrhoeal activity of rind of Punica granatum

International Current Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.3329/icpj.v2i5.14437 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 101-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Saleha Akter ◽

Amit Sarker ◽

Md. Sanowar Hossain

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Animal Models ◽

Magnesium Sulfate ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Standard Drug

Punica granatum (Family: Punicaceae) is a widely consumed fruit in Bangladesh locally known as Anar or Bedana. Traditionally the plant is used to treat diarrhoea, dysentery, hemorrhage, tuberculosis and chronic periodontitis. The present study was undertaken in order to justify and authenticate the traditional use of rind of P. granatum fruit in diarrhoea. Methanolic extract of the rind of the fruit was tested in castor oil- and magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhoea in mice at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. The results of the present study revealed significant antidiarrhoeal activity (p<0.001) in both animal models. The extract inhibited 31.25% defaecation at the dose of 200 mg/kg and 53.75% at the dose of 400 mg/kg in castor oil-induced diarrhoea while standard drug loperamide inhibited 71.25% defaecation. In magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhoea the inhibition of defaecation was 45.71 and 57.14% at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively while loperamide inhibited 64.29% defaecation. The antidiarrhoeal effect of the extract was concentration dependent in both castor oil-induced diarrhoea and magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhoea. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids and alkaloids that may play key role in its antidiarrhoeal activity. The results of the present study validate the folkloric use of the rind of P. granatum in the treatment of diarrhoea.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i5.14437 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, April 2013, 2(5): 101-104

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the Antispasmodic and Antisecretory Activities of the 80% Methanol Extracts of Verbena officinalis L: Evidence From In Vivo Antidiarrheal Study

Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2515690x19853264 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 2515690X1985326 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mekonnen Sisay ◽

Negussie Bussa ◽

Tigist Gashaw

Keyword(s):

Plant Material ◽

Test Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Root Extract ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Group I ◽

Antidiarrheal Activity

Verbena officinalis L. has a folkloric repute for the management of digestive disorders, including diarrhea. However, the safety and efficacy of the plant material has not been scientifically validated yet. This study was, therefore, aimed to evaluate the overall antidiarrheal activity of the 80% methanol extracts of V officinalis in mice. The antidiarrheal activity of the 80% methanol extracts of the roots (R-80ME) and the leaves (L-80ME) of V officinalis was tested in castor oil–induced diarrhea in mice. R-80ME was further evaluated using charcoal meal and entero-pooling. In each test, group I and group II (controls) received 10 mL/kg distilled water and standard drug (5 mg/kg loperamide), respectively, whereas groups III, IV, and V (test groups) received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the 80ME, respectively. The R-80ME at 200 mg/kg ( P < .01) and 400 mg/kg ( P < .001) significantly delayed the onset of diarrhea compared with negative control. Both R-80ME and L-80ME at 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly decreased the frequency of wet fecal outputs ( P < .01). Generally, 70.24% inhibition of the number of wet fecal output was recorded at R-80ME 400 mg/kg. Results from the charcoal meal test revealed that the R-80ME at 200 ( P < .01) and 400 mg/kg ( P < .001) produced a significant antimotility effect. In entero-pooling test, the R-80ME, at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses ( P < .01), showed a significant decline in both the volume and weight of intestinal contents. The maximum in vivo antidiarrheal index was determined to be 95.25 at dose of 400 mg/kg R-80ME. This study demonstrated that the 80ME, mainly the root extract, produced promising antidiarrheal activity and hence provides a scientific support for acclaimed traditional use of the plant material for treatment of diarrheal diseases.

Download Full-text

Methanolic Crude Extract of Hagenia abyssinica Possesses Significant Antidiarrheal Effect: Evidence for In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/9944629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Zemene Demelash Kifle ◽

Seyfe Asrade Atnafie ◽

Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse ◽

Teshome Fentik Belachew ◽

Birhanu Berihun Kidanu

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Hagenia Abyssinica ◽

Antidiarrheal Activity

Background. Hagenia abyssinica is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants for the treatment of diarrhea in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of methanol crude extract of H. abyssinica leaves in mice. Methods. Acute toxicity testing was conducted using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. The antidiarrheal activity of the crude extract of H. abyssinica was investigated using three animal models such as small intestine transit, enteropooling, and castor oil-induced diarrhea models. The extract was administered at three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) to the test groups, while the positive control group received 3 mg/kg of loperamide and the negative control group received 10 ml/kg of vehicle (distilled water). Results. The crude extract of H. abyssinica did not exhibit death at the limit dose (2 g/kg) throughout the observation period. In the castor oil-induced model, the crude extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited a significant ( P < 0.05 ) antimotility effect as compared to the negative control. The crude extract revealed a significant reduction in the volume and weight of intestinal contents at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract. Moreover, the highest antidiarrheal index (ADI) was obtained with the dose of 400 mg/kg of crude extract, which was comparable to the standard drug. Conclusion. The crude extract of Hagenia abyssinica possesses antidiarrheal activity and supports the traditional use of H. abyssinica for the management of diarrhea.

Download Full-text

Antidiarrheal activity of fractions from aqueous extract of Detarium senegalense

Herba Polonica ◽

10.1515/hepo-2015-0013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 30-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fatimah Saka Sanni ◽

Hajja Gana Hamza ◽

Patrick Azubuike Onyeyili

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Gastrointestinal Motility ◽

Normal Saline ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Fluid Accumulation ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Phytochemical Constituents ◽

Antidiarrheal Activity

Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different fractions of the aqueous crude extract of Detarium senegalense stem bark on castor oil-induced diarrhea. Castor oilinduced diarrhea, gastrointestinal motility and castor oil-induced enteropooling methods were used to evaluate the antidiarrheal effects of the fractions. Castor oil was used to induce diarrhea and the effect of all the fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, methanol and residual aqueous) were evaluated at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. The results show that all fractions significantly (p<0.05) decreased the frequency of defecation in rats following the induction of diarrhea with castor oil. Ethyl acetate which produced the highest antidiarrheal activity was further subjected to gastrointestinal motility and castor oil-induced enteropooling tests. In the gastrointestinal motility, two test doses of the extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) were administered orally to two groups of rats (n=5), while the third group of rats (control), were treated with normal saline, and the fourth group were treated with diphenoxylate, a conventional anti-diarrheal drug. In the castor oil-induced enteropooling experiment, normal saline was used for the control animals, while 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract was administered to groups two and three, respectively and atropine, a standard drug, was administered to rats in group four. The ethyl acetate fraction significantly (p<0.05) decreased the gastro-intestinal motility, as shown by the extent of movement of the charcoal meal in the treated rats. It also significantly inhibited the fluid accumulation within the intestine. These findings suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction possess antidiarrheal effect, which may be due to the presence of some phytochemical constituents (alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins) in the plant, which may either be working alone or in combination with each other. This study has demonstrated that D. senegalense fractions, especially the ethyl acetate fraction, possess antidiarrheal activity thus supporting the use of the plant in the treatment of diarrheal diseases.

Download Full-text

In-vivo Antidiarrhoeal and anti-ulcerative activities of the Tetraclinis articulata species of the Cupressaceae family

Acta Scientifica Naturalis ◽

10.2478/asn-2019-0007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 50-53

Author(s):

Zine El Abidine Ababsa ◽

Mohamed Tahar Derouiche ◽

Kamel Medjroubi ◽

Salah Akkal

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Motility ◽

North Africa ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Intestinal Fluid ◽

Fluid Accumulation ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Butanol Extract ◽

Tetraclinis Articulata

Abstract Tetraclinis articulata (Thuya of Barbary), endemic to North Africa, is used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases [1]. We investigated the antidiarrhoel properties of the butanol extract of Tetraclinis articulata (BETA) in male and female Swiss albino mice to support its traditional use. The antidiarrhoeal activity of the plant extract was evaluated in a model of castor oil-induced diarrhoea model in mice and compared to loperamide (a reference inhibitor of diarrhoea). The effect of (BETA) on gastrointestinal motility was determined by the oral administration of charcoal and Castrol oil-induced intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling).The (BETA) showed remarkable antidiarrhoeal activity significantly inhibited gastrointestinal motility and castor oil induced enteropolysis (68,18%), more than to the inhibition achieved in loperamide treated mice (60,16%). The second aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-ulcerative activity of The (BETA), it produced percent protection of control colitis by 77, 40%, while the standard drug (aspirin) produced 81,39% protection. We conclude that Tetraclinis articulata extracts are potential sources of new anti-ulcer agents and antidiarrhoeal drugs.

Download Full-text

In vivo antidiarrheal study of ethanolic extracts of Mikania cordata and Litsea monopetala leaves

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v10i3.23402 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 562 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fatema Nasrin ◽

Md. Lukman Hakim

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Antidiarrheal Activity

In this study the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Mikania cordata and Litsea monopetala was evaluated. Diarrhea was induced in mice by oral administration of castor oil (0.5 mL) 30 min after the administration of the extracts. During a 4 hour study the number of diarrheal feces and percentage inhibition of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was determined. Loperamide (3 mg/kg body weight) served as standard and belonged to the positive control group. The extracts exhibited potent antidiarrheal activity as well as achieved statistically significant p value (p<0.01 and p<0.05) compared to control group. Among the extracts the highest percentage inhibition of defecation (60%) was recorded for leaf extract (400 mg/kg body weight) of L. monopetala. So, the study corroborates the significant antidiarrheal activity of M. cordata and L. monopetala leaf extracts and raises the demand of further sophisticated investigation.

Download Full-text

The efficacy of plant extracts on cecal amebiasis in rats

Veterinary Science Development ◽

10.4081/vsd.2015.5793 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Enerst C. Ohanu ◽

Paul C. Inyang-Etoh

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Parasite Load ◽

Negative Control ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Standard Drug ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Treatment failure with specific chemotherapy has been reported suggesting the possibility of drug resistance. This study investigated the anti-amoebic effects of four plant extracts on cecal amebiasis in rats. The cecal amebiasis was induced by the injection of 3.0×105 troph/mL of E. histolytica parasite directly into the rat’s caecum. A total of 137 rats were used for these studies; five rats in each group for both positive and negative control, 15 rats in each group to test the four plant extracts and metronidazole. The infected rats were treated for cecal amebiasis using each of the four plant extracts at graded doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg and with metronidzole at a dose of 62.5 mg/kg,100 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg for five consecutive days. The efficacy of the four plant extracts were evaluated based on Neal’s, 1951 method. The plant extracts of Garlic, Guava, Pawpaw and Pumpkin at 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body-weight gave a cure rate of 80%, 100%, 60%, 40% and 40%, 80%, 40%, 0%, respectively. The mean parasite count in the cecal contents of the treated rats at a dose 400 mg/kg were 18.5±1.6, 0.0±0.0, 33.3±1.8 and 49.5±4.0, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). This study has revealed that Guava at a high dosing level (400 mg/kg body weight) is as good as the standard drug in reducing the both parasite load (probably with limited side effect).

Download Full-text

Hypoglycemic Activity of Methanol Fraction of Tectona grandis (Linn) Bark in Experimental Rat Models

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00737 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 4247-4252

Author(s):

Bishwanath Mishra ◽

Durga M. Kar ◽

Laxmidhar Maharana ◽

Sujit Dash ◽

Ganesh P. Mishra

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Body Weight ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Hypoglycemic Activity ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Single Dose Study ◽

Dose Study

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a now a major global health problem and its incidence is increasing day by day in whole world. There are various medicinal plants in India those possess antidiabetic property which are traditionally used in management of diabetes. Tectona grandis Linn. (TG) plant belonging to family Verbenaceae is medicinally reported and claims to cure various diseases in Indian traditional system of medicine (Ayurveda) and also in folklore. The purpose of this present study is to examine the hypoglycemic potential of methanol fractions (50, 100 and 200mg/kg body weight) of Tectona grandis bark (MFTG) from defatted hydro-alcoholic extract in normoglycemic, streptozotocin induced (45mg.kg‒1) diabetic and glucose loaded hyperglycemic rats by single and multiple oral administration in comparison to standard drug Glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg body weight). Initially acute oral toxicity study of MFTG was carried out in rats to estimate the dose for animal study. The study report showed that the MFTG (200mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05 to p<0.01) reduces blood glucose level both in normoglycemic and diabetic rats induced by Streptozotocin and oral glucose loaded methods till the end of 8 hour and 3hour respectively during the single dose study and from the 15th day to 30th day in multi dose study. Hence the present study reveals that MFTG possess significant hypoglycemic activity which inspires the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Download Full-text

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF CLERODENDRUM INFORTUNATUM

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i4.20980 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

Animesh Hazarika ◽

Dipankar Saha

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Herbal Remedy ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Weight Group ◽

Group I ◽

Antidiarrheal Activity

Objective: To determine preliminary phytochemical Screening and evaluation of Antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extract of Leaves Clerodendrum infortunatum.Methods: The ethanolic extract of leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum was prepared and analyzed for phytochemical constituents using standard method and evaluate scientifically the anti-diarrheal effect using leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum by castor oil-inducing method. Animals were divided into four groups. Group-I was treated with distilled water 2 ml/kg body weight. Group-II was treated with loperamide 1 mg/kg body weight, Group-III and Group-IV were treated with ethanolic extract of leaves Clerodendrum infortunatum 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively.Results: Various phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of sterols, terpenoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, glycoside, saponins, proteins and amino acids. The ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum leaves given by oral route to mice at doses of 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg significantly showed antidiarrheal activity against castor oil induced diarrhea as compared with control group and standard.Conclusion: The present study concluded that ethanolic extract of leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum contain the high presence of phytochemical components and it showed that the leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum having significant antidiarrheal activity. All doses of the plant extracts showed a significant delay in castor oil-induced diarrhea and this justifies the use of this plant as a herbal remedy against diarrhea.

Download Full-text