scholarly journals The efficacy of plant extracts on cecal amebiasis in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enerst C. Ohanu ◽  
Paul C. Inyang-Etoh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Amebiasis caused by <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em> is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Treatment failure with specific chemotherapy has been reported suggesting the possibility of drug resistance. This study investigated the anti-amoebic effects of four plant extracts on cecal amebiasis in rats. The cecal amebiasis was induced by the injection of 3.0×105 troph/mL of <em>E. histolytica</em> parasite directly into the rat’s caecum. A total of 137 rats were used for these studies; five rats in each group for both positive and negative control, 15 rats in each group to test the four plant extracts and metronidazole. The infected rats were treated for cecal amebiasis using each of the four plant extracts at graded doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg and with metronidzole at a dose of 62.5 mg/kg,100 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg for five consecutive days. The efficacy of the four plant extracts were evaluated based on Neal’s, 1951 method. The plant extracts of Garlic, <em>Guava</em>, Pawpaw and Pumpkin at 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body-weight gave a cure rate of 80%, 100%, 60%, 40% and 40%, 80%, 40%, 0%, respectively. The mean parasite count in the cecal contents of the treated rats at a dose 400 mg/kg were 18.5±1.6, 0.0±0.0, 33.3±1.8 and 49.5±4.0, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). This study has revealed that Guava at a high dosing level (400 mg/kg body weight) is as good as the standard drug in reducing the both parasite load (probably with limited side effect).

scholarly journals Natural Antioxidants in Anemia Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1883
Author(s):  
Coralia Cotoraci ◽  
Alina Ciceu ◽  
Alciona Sasu ◽  
Anca Hermenean
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Stomach Pain

Anemia, characterized by a decrease of the hemoglobin level in the blood and a reduction in carrying capacity of oxygen, is a major public health problem which affects people of all ages. The methods used to treat anemia are blood transfusion and oral administration of iron-based supplements, but these treatments are associated with a number of side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and stomach pain, which limit its long-term use. In addition, oral iron supplements are poorly absorbed in the intestinal tract, due to overexpression of hepcidin, a peptide hormone that plays a central role in iron homeostasis. In this review, we conducted an analysis of the literature on biologically active compounds and plant extracts used in the treatment of various types of anemia. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the use of these compounds and plant extracts, in order to explore their therapeutic potential. The advantage of using them is that they are available from natural resources and can be used as main, alternative, or adjuvant therapies in many diseases, such as various types of anemia.

Seasonal variations in wool growth and heat tolerance of sheep. I. Wool growth

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wodzicka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Rhythm ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The monthly wool growth of three groups of rams was studied at Beltsville, Maryland. Group I received natural daylight (at 38° 53' N.) and was shorn monthly. Group II had a 7:17 hours of daylight to hours of darkness rhythm and was shorn every 6 months, once in winter and once in summer. Group III received natural daylight and was likewise shorn every 6 months. The rams of all groups produced more wool in summer than in winter. This difference was significant (P<0.001). The mean body weight and food intake were both greater in the winter months, which indicated that the seasonal rhythm of wool growth was not a consequence of poorer feeding in winter. The rams which were shorn monthly (group I) grew considerably more wool than the other two groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The short-day treatment of group II did not increase the annual wool production nor decrease the seasonal rhythm of wool growth. The balance of evidence from this and other experiments indicates that temperature rather than light controls the seasonal rhythm of wool growth.

scholarly journals Role of Oxidative Stress as a Marker of Cardiovascular Risk in Children on Regular Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 416-421
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abrar ◽  
Mazhar Nadeem ◽  
Sunila Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dialysis Session ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regular Hemodialysis

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide, and its main consequences include loss of renal function leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), significant increase in morbidity and mortality, and a decrease in health-related quality of life. Aims and Objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyze the oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk in those children who are on regular hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at DHQ hospital, Faisalabad during July 2020 to January 2021. The data were collected from the age of less than 18 years children of both sexes. There were 50 children who was selected for this study. At the time of the study, all the patients were on regular three HD sessions per week. In HD patients, venous blood samples were drawn immediately before and after hemodialysis session. Baseline laboratory investigations were carried out for all patients and controls including complete blood count, serum urea and creatinine, arterial pH, arterial blood gases and infection screening, which included blood and urinary cultures by standard methods.  Results: The data were collected from 50 dialysis patients. The mean age of this study is 15years. We collected all the demographic data of patients. The mean value of Urea is 64.34±2.44 mg/dl). At before-dialysis session, duration of disease positively correlated with TPX (r = 0.969, P <0.001), but, negatively correlated with TAC (r = −0.469, P <0.002). At after-dialysis session, HIF-1α negatively correlated with each of TPX (r = −0.529, P <0.001) and OSI (r = −0.459, P <0.003); while, OSI positively correlated with TPX (r = 0.944, P <0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that HD patients, the clinical and prognostic significance of oxidative status associated with cardiovascular risk factors is very different from the general population. Although a direct causality cannot be inferred from such kind of correlative investigations.

scholarly journals PHYTO-MEDICINAL EFFECTS OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI ON DIABETES: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
pp. 392-402
Author(s):  
Md. Mahmudul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Current State

Diabetes is a major public health problem which has been increasing day by day throughout the world with an alarming rate. In recent years, several plant extracts have been examined for their anti-diabetic properties to identify alternative treatment strategies that pose less risk for diabetes. It has been shown that different parts of these plants are collected from diverse regions and administered in different pharmaceutical preparations. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the phytochemicals present in S. cumini plants and their potent anti-diabetic activity, toxicological and biological effects of these plant extracts, their current state, limitation and future prospects in developing countries that are not included in the European Pharmacopoeia. In addition, a prospective research result of synergistic use of this plant with other plant (Ficus racemosa) done presently in our laboratory has been included. Based on the available evidence, we highlight the ways in which their therapeutic potential can be properly harnessed and provide scientific evidence for the discovery of novel leads for herbal drug development.

scholarly journals Application of Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. Reduce Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Interleukin-1β in Sprague Dawley Mice Suffering from Mastitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 423-427
Author(s):  
Prihantono Prihantono ◽  
Salman Ardi Syamsu ◽  
Nilam Smaradhania ◽  
Mardiana Ahmad ◽  
Nurul Aini Siagian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue, usually caused by bacteria. Mastitis stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines. The cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a crucial mediator of the inflammatory response. This cytokine has adverse effects of hosting immunity that mediates resistance to pathogens and also exacerbates damage during chronic disease and acute tissue injury. Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. has been used as an ethnomedicine for healing sores in several provinces in Indonesia. AIM: This study aimed to assess the profile of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β through the treatment effect of leaf extracts of S. taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. as adjuvant for healing mastitis. METHODS: This study was a true control group experiment using the pre-test-post-test control design aimed to measure the effect of hydroalcoholic compounds in leaf extracts of S. taccada on the systemic pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The treated animals were 18 mice of Sprague Dawley strain induced by Staphylococcus aureus. These treated mice were divided into three groups in which each group consisted of six mice. The mice in the Group I (negative control) were given 1 ml aquabides/250 g body weight, those in the Group II (positive control) were delivered with 9.6 mg/ml amoxicillin/250 g body weight, and those in the Group III (experimental) were given 9.6 mg amoxicillin/250 g body weight + 400 mg/ml leaf extracts of S. taccada/g body weight for 5 days, respectively. Pathological examinations were carried out from the inflamed tissues to prove the healing process of the treated mice. IL-1Β levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc tests. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences of IL-1β levels after the administration of leaf extracts of S. taccada among all the treated mice groups at p < 0.05. The Group III had the lowest IL-1β level with the mean value ± 1.45 pg/ml compared to the IL-1β level in the Group II (positive control) with the mean value ± 3.82 pg/ml and the IL-1β level in the Group I (negative control) with the with mean value ± 5.22 pg/ml. The pathological analysis of breast tissues of the treated mice proved that leaf extracts of S. taccada (Gaertn Roxb.) could reduce damaged tissues, cellular infiltration, and subcutaneous edema induced by this pathogenic microorganism. CONCLUSION: Leaf extracts of S. taccada had a significant function as adjuvant for healing mastitis by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β.

scholarly journals Quality of life of alcohol dependent patients attending a deaddiction centre in Kannur district

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
R. Ratheesh ◽  
Bindu Mohandas ◽  
P. P. Venugopalan ◽  
A. K. Sarada ◽  
Suprej K. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Psychological Domain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Background: Quality of life (QOL) is individuals' perceptions of their position in life. QOL of alcohol dependent patients is an area that has received relatively less attention compared to other alcohol related problems.Methods: A deaddiction centre based cross sectional study was done on 370 individuals using a predesigned questionnaire during the period of 2012-2013. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to find association between the study variables.Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 38.08±8.46 years. The mean duration of drinking was 12.62±7.47 years. The overall score of the QOL and the perceived health in alcohol dependent patients was 3.19±0.89 and 3.01±0.98 respectively. The mean of the transformed scores of physical, psychological, social and environmental domains are 69.12±12.82, 57.84±12.81, 58.52±17.05, 68.62±10.23 respectively. Statistical analysis of age with physical, environmental and social domains showed a significant negative correlation; literacy status with QOL, perceived health, physical, psychological, social and environmental domains showed a significant positive correlation; socio economic status with QOL and psychological domain showed a significant positive correlation; duration of drinking with QOL, perceived health, physical and psychological domain showed a significant negative correlation.Conclusions: Harm from alcohol use is a major public health problem. Reducing the level of social and health harms from alcohol requires preparation and planning.

scholarly journals Effect of Immediately-After-Birth Weaning on the Development of Goat Kids Born to Small Ruminant Lentivirus-Positive Dams

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalbert ◽  
Czopowicz ◽  
Szaluś-Jordanow ◽  
Moroz ◽  
Mickiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Mixed Linear Models ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

A longitudinal study was carried out to investigate the influence of two different rearing systems of young kids on their development to sexual maturity. Kids born to small ruminant lentiviruses-infected (SRLV) female goats were split into two groups: the immediately-after-birth weaned group and the unweaned group. Kids’ body weight (BWT) was measured before the first consumption of colostrum, and then at the age of one week, and one, two, four, and seven months. The relationship between the rearing system and BWT at each age was investigated using mixed linear models adjusted for potential confounders. The mean BWT of kids of the immediately-after-birth weaned group was significantly lower at the age of one week, one month, and two months, and then the difference became insignificant. The mean daily body weight gain (DWG) was significantly lower in the immediately-after-birth weaned group during the whole first month of life, but then DWG in both groups became equal. Crude mortality rate did not differ significantly between groups. This study shows that weaning kids immediately after birth does not appear to have any negative impact on kids’ development except transient growth retardation, which is fully compensated until they reach sexual maturity.

The effect of feed restriction on sexual maturity and initial reproductive performance of broiler pullets under different light treatments

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (39) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAE Pym ◽  
R Sledge
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lighting Systems

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of restricted feeding under two lighting systems during the rearing period on the initial laying performance of broiler type pullets. The rearing treatments were imposed at nine weeks of age, removed at 22 weeks and the trial was discontinued at 36 weeks of age. The feeding treatments (restricted versus ad lib.) were arranged factorially with the lighting treatments (decreasing versus increasing). Birds reared on restricted feeding reached sexual maturity 16 days later than full fed birds, ate 17 per cent less feed to 22 weeks and gained seven per cent less in body weight to 24 weeks of age and ten per cent less to 36 weeks. Birds reared under the decreasing lighting regime reached sexual maturity at the same age as those reared under increasing lighting, ate five per cent more feed during the rearing and laying periods and gained five per cent more in body weight to 24 weeks. The mean weight of eggs laid between 24 and 34 weeks of age from pullets subjected concurrently to decreasing lighting and restricted feeding was approximately two grams heavier than that of the other three treatment combinations. Mean egg weight was one gram greater in the restricted than in the full fed group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Laying mortality was lower in the restricted fed group than in the full fed group.

scholarly journals Temporal Artery Temperature Measurement in the Neonate

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1026-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashette Syrkin-Nikolau ◽  
Karen Johnson ◽  
Tarah Colaizy ◽  
Ruthann Schrock ◽  
Edward Bell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Temporal Artery ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Postmenstrual Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objective We compared an infrared temporal artery thermometer with our clinical standard axillary thermometer for temperature measurements in neonatal patients. Study Design We measured temporal artery (Tta), axillary (Tax, clinical standard), and rectal (Tr, gold standard) temperatures of 49 infants. The difference between Tr and Tta was compared with that between Tr and Tax, and the data were analyzed based on bed type and postmenstrual age. Results The mean Tta, Tax, and Tr were 37.16 (SD 0.36) °C, 36.61 (SD 0.30) °C, and 36.82 (SD 0.30) °C, respectively. The measurements by these methods were all significantly different. The mean Tr-Tax was 0.21 (SD 0.26) °C, and the mean Tr-Tta was −0.34 (SD 0.37) °C, indicating that Tax was closer to Tr than was Tta (p < 0.0001). Tta agreed more closely with Tr for infants in cribs than for those in incubators. Adjusting for bed type and body weight, with each week of postmenstrual age, the discrepancy between Tr-Tta and Tr-Tax decreased by 0.005°C (p = 0.034). Conclusion Compared with the gold standard, Tr, Tta is not more accurate than Tax. The temporal artery thermometer was less accurate for infants in incubators than for infants in cribs. The accuracy of temporal artery temperature increased with postmenstrual age.

scholarly journals The incidence of pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) in pre-school and school aged children in the Eastern Slovakia

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
A. Dudlová ◽  
P. Juriš ◽  
P. Jarčuška ◽  
Z. Vasilková ◽  
V. Vargová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
School Age ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Helminth infections caused by Enterobius vermicularis have a cosmopolitan character and most often affect the paediatric pre-school and school age population. The presented study was conducted to determine the prevalence of E. vermicularis in the analyzed population of children in the Eastern Slovakia. The Graham’s scotch tape method was used to investigate the presence of Enterobius vermicularis eggs in 390 specimens. The analyzed set consisted of 218 girls and 172 boys, divided by age into three groups - aged from 5 months to 2 years, aged from 3 to 6 years, and aged from 7 to 15 years. Investigation of perianal scotch tapes of children for the presence of E. vermicularis eggs revealed the prevalence of E. vermicularis was P = 3.59 %. Depending on the incidence of E. vermicularis infection, we detected no statistically signifi cant difference (p> 0.05). The prevalence of E. vermicularis in boys was P = 4.07 %, and in girls P = 3.21 %. The highest prevalence of E. vermicularis was recorded in the group of children aged from 3 to 6 years (P = 5.03 %). Most of the samples were positive at age 4 and 5. The lowest prevalence was in the group of children aged from 5 months to 2 years (P = 0.97 %), and the prevalence of E. vermicularis in the group of children aged from 7 to 15 was P = 3.91 %. The difference in the incidence of E. vermicularis infection among different age groups of children was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Enterobius vermicularis nematode infection and enterobiasis currently represents a major public health problem in Slovakia. At the present its occurrence is the most frequent in the paediatric population. Therefore it is important to introduce a targeted hygienic-epidemiological measure in children’s collectives, what also should include proper and effective diagnostics and frequent recurrent therapy.

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