Evaluation of the Antispasmodic and Antisecretory Activities of the 80% Methanol Extracts of Verbena officinalis L: Evidence From In Vivo Antidiarrheal Study

Verbena officinalis L. has a folkloric repute for the management of digestive disorders, including diarrhea. However, the safety and efficacy of the plant material has not been scientifically validated yet. This study was, therefore, aimed to evaluate the overall antidiarrheal activity of the 80% methanol extracts of V officinalis in mice. The antidiarrheal activity of the 80% methanol extracts of the roots (R-80ME) and the leaves (L-80ME) of V officinalis was tested in castor oil–induced diarrhea in mice. R-80ME was further evaluated using charcoal meal and entero-pooling. In each test, group I and group II (controls) received 10 mL/kg distilled water and standard drug (5 mg/kg loperamide), respectively, whereas groups III, IV, and V (test groups) received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the 80ME, respectively. The R-80ME at 200 mg/kg ( P < .01) and 400 mg/kg ( P < .001) significantly delayed the onset of diarrhea compared with negative control. Both R-80ME and L-80ME at 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly decreased the frequency of wet fecal outputs ( P < .01). Generally, 70.24% inhibition of the number of wet fecal output was recorded at R-80ME 400 mg/kg. Results from the charcoal meal test revealed that the R-80ME at 200 ( P < .01) and 400 mg/kg ( P < .001) produced a significant antimotility effect. In entero-pooling test, the R-80ME, at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses ( P < .01), showed a significant decline in both the volume and weight of intestinal contents. The maximum in vivo antidiarrheal index was determined to be 95.25 at dose of 400 mg/kg R-80ME. This study demonstrated that the 80ME, mainly the root extract, produced promising antidiarrheal activity and hence provides a scientific support for acclaimed traditional use of the plant material for treatment of diarrheal diseases.

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Methanolic Crude Extract of Hagenia abyssinica Possesses Significant Antidiarrheal Effect: Evidence for In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/9944629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Zemene Demelash Kifle ◽

Seyfe Asrade Atnafie ◽

Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse ◽

Teshome Fentik Belachew ◽

Birhanu Berihun Kidanu

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Hagenia Abyssinica ◽

Antidiarrheal Activity

Background. Hagenia abyssinica is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants for the treatment of diarrhea in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of methanol crude extract of H. abyssinica leaves in mice. Methods. Acute toxicity testing was conducted using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. The antidiarrheal activity of the crude extract of H. abyssinica was investigated using three animal models such as small intestine transit, enteropooling, and castor oil-induced diarrhea models. The extract was administered at three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) to the test groups, while the positive control group received 3 mg/kg of loperamide and the negative control group received 10 ml/kg of vehicle (distilled water). Results. The crude extract of H. abyssinica did not exhibit death at the limit dose (2 g/kg) throughout the observation period. In the castor oil-induced model, the crude extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited a significant ( P < 0.05 ) antimotility effect as compared to the negative control. The crude extract revealed a significant reduction in the volume and weight of intestinal contents at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract. Moreover, the highest antidiarrheal index (ADI) was obtained with the dose of 400 mg/kg of crude extract, which was comparable to the standard drug. Conclusion. The crude extract of Hagenia abyssinica possesses antidiarrheal activity and supports the traditional use of H. abyssinica for the management of diarrhea.

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Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity of 80% Methanolic Leaf Extract of Osyris quadripartita Decne (Santalaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice

Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2515690x19833340 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 2515690X1983334 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meseret Yigzaw Teferi ◽

Mohammedbirhan Abdulwuhab ◽

Jibril Seid Yesuf

Keyword(s):

Castor Oil ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Intestinal Content ◽

Negative Control ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Antidiarrheal Activity ◽

Albino Mice ◽

Different Doses

The leaf of Osyris quadripartita is traditionally used for the management of diarrhea in different parts of Ethiopia. However, its use has not been scientifically validated for its efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate antidiarrheal activity of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of O. quadripartita in mice models. Different doses of the methanolic leaf extract of O. quadripartita (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were tested for antidiarrheal activity using castor oil–induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility models in Swiss Albino mice. The activities of the extract at different doses were compared with standard drugs and negative control groups of mice. The extract at all tested doses resulted in significant reduction ( P < .01) in number of wet feces, whereas significant reduction ( P < .01) in frequency of defecation in castor oil–induced diarrhea was seen at a dose of 400 mg/kg. It also showed a dose-dependent and significant reduction of volume of intestinal content in the enteropooling model at all tested doses and the observed results in 200 and 400 mg/kg were better than the standard drug, loperamide. However, significant antimotility effect was not observed at any of the tested doses. From these results we can conclude that methanolic leaf extract of O. quadripartita showed antidiarrheal activity.

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Anti-Oxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Senecio biafrae on CCl4-induced Liver Damage in Rats

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology ◽

10.32598/ijt.13.2.583.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

Israel Oghenevwodoko Okoro ◽

◽

Helen Ejiro Kadiri ◽

Keyword(s):

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Root Extract ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Anti Oxidant

Background: The present study was performed to explore whether the aqueous extract of Senecio biafrae (S. biafrae) roots provide any in vivo protective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Methods: Rats (150-200 grams) were grouped into five groups (A-E) of six rats each and were treated orally for twelve days with 72 hourly administration of CCl4 (1 mL/kg) as follows: Group A received distilled water only (negative control), Group B was administered distilled water plus CCl4 (positive control), Group C was administered 400 mg/kg extract and CCl4, Group D received 200 mg/extract and CCl4, while Group E was administered standard drug (Silymarin 25mg/kg, PO). Results: Pre-treatment with the extract of S. biafrae (200 or 400mg/kg) or Silymarin (25mg/kg) caused significant restoration in the biomarkers as evaluated by reducing the levels of malondialdehyde, transaminases and elevating the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, which were altered by CCl4 toxicity. The extract at a dose of 400mg/kg demonstrated similar activities comparable to the standard drug (Silymarin). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the root extract of S. biafrae possesses hepatoprotective and anti-oxidant properties which may be due to the presence of phytochemicals in it.

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Evaluation of the antidiarrheal activity of 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of the leaf of Bersama abyssinica fresen (Melianthaceae) in mice

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12906-021-03498-6 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mihret Ayalew ◽

Azmeraw Bekele ◽

Mestayet Geta Mengistie ◽

Seyfe Asrade Atnafie

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Intestinal Motility ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Negative Control ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Antidiarrheal Activity

Abstract Introduction The use of traditional medicinal plants in the management of diarrhea has long been practiced in Ethiopia. B. abyssinica fresen is one of the plants traditionally used to treat diarrhea whereas an in vivo study had not yet been conducted. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaf of B. abyssinica in mice. Methods Cold maceration within 80% methanol was used to extract the leaf powder and extract of the leaf was fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, and distilled water. The in vivo antidiarrheal activity of crude extracts and solvent fractions were tested in experimental models of castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and antimotility test. Five groups each with 6 mice were used under the three antidiarrheal models. Positive controls were treated with loperamide 3 mg/kg and atropine 5 mg/kg and 2% tween 80 was used in the treatment of negative controls. The extract and solvent fractions were administered at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. Time of onset of diarrhea, number and weight of total and wet feces, the percent reduction in the number of wet feces, weight and volume of intestinal contents, and percent inhibition of intestinal motility were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result Defecation of castor oil-induced diarrheal or loose stools was inhibited (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001) at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of crude extract and aqueous fraction. The crude extract and the aqueous fraction at three doses (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), the chloroform fraction at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), and the n-hexane fraction at 400 mg/kg (p < 0.05) reduced intraluminal fluid accumulation compared with the negative control. Castor oil-induced intestinal motility was significantly suppressed with the three-doses of aqueous fraction (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of crude extract (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01), 400 mg/kg of chloroform and n-hexane (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001) compared with negative control. Conclusion The crude extract, aqueous, and chloroform fractions of B. abyyssinica leaves have promising anti-diarrheal effects, supporting the plant's traditional use to treat diarrhea.

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Antidiarrheal Activity of Four Different Species of Litsea Available in Bangladesh

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/2227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 1259-1266

Author(s):

Israt Jahan Bulbul ◽

Md. Ekhtiar Uddin ◽

Nusratun Nahar ◽

Md. Ruhul Kuddus ◽

Mohammad Rashedul Haque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Gastrointestinal Motility ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Fecal Output ◽

Antidiarrheal Activity ◽

Different Doses

The objective of the present study includes the evaluation of the antidiarrheal properties of the methanol extracts of Litsea deccanensis Gamble (MELD) bark, Litsealancifolia (Roxb.) Hook. f. MELL),Litseaglutinosa Gamble (MELG) and Litsea monopetala Roxb. (MELM) leavesin Swiss albino mice. The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated by measuring percentage inhibition of diarrheal feces, total fecal output, gastrointestinal motility and by using peristaltic indices. Castor oil was used to induce diarrhea in the experimental animal. The experiments were carried out by using three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) of these four plant extracts. The number of wet feces and total weight of the feces were significantly (p < 0.05) and dose-dependently reduced by all the plant extracts and this effect was comparable with standard drug. MELD, MELL, MELG and MELM extracts at dose of 400 mg/kg body weight demonstrated diarrheal inhibition by 43.55%, 45.16%, 32.26% and 41.94%, respectively while it was 98.39% for the standard loperamide. Percentage (%) of fecal output for MELD, MELL, MELG and MELM extracts at the dose of 400 mg/kg were 40.14%, 62.27%, 64.06%, 46.26%, respectively.The gastrointestinal motility induced by castor oil was also reduced noticeably (p < 0.05) by all the plant extracts with the increasing doses. The percentage inhibition of gastrointestinal motility at the dose of 400 mg/kg were 26.26%, 33.22%, 32.36% and 22.52% for the MELD, MELL, MELG and MELM extracts respectively, while it was 27.56% for loperamide. In most cases, all the plant extracts can reduce the peristaltic indices which were comparable to control. The obtained results from this study revealed that the methanol extracts of four different species of Litsea found in Bangladesh may have antidiarrheal potential. It also provides the basis for the traditional use of these plants to treat diarrhea.

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In Vivo Anti-Anemic Effect of an Aqueous Root Extract of Phyllanthus Muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell in Model Rats.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-743554/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

James Nyirenda ◽

Gershom B. Lwanga ◽

Kaampwe M. Muzandu ◽

David K. Chuba ◽

Gibson M. Sijumbila

Keyword(s):

Plant Extract ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Root Extract ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Aqueous Root Extract

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevanceAnemia is a very serious condition in Zambia. One of the plants that has been used traditionally is Phyllanthus muellerianus where different parts of shrub are used to treat a number of diseases in Zambian folklore medicine. Earlier studies have investigated medicinal properties of its aqueous root extracts. This study evaluated the effect of P. muellerianus roots on the hematological indices of albino rats and determined its phytochemical profile. Aim of the studyTo carry out phytochemical screening of the root extract and assess the ant-anemic effect of the aqueous extract on laboratory rats with tail-bled induced anemia Materials and MethodsThirty-six male albino rats placed in six groups were used for the study. The groups comprised the 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg plant extract, Ranferon (200 mg/kg) positive control, anemic non treated control and a normal (non-anemic) control. Anemia, induced through bleeding of the rats, was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) levels less than 12 g/dL. The anti-anemic potential of the plant was determined by comparing its effect on the hematological parameters of rats on treatment to that of the control group.ResultsAfter treatment, rats on the 400 mg/kg plant extract dose showed the greatest increase in the mean values for Hb, Packed cell volume (PCV) and RBC count were 43.3±1.2%, 15.4±0.3 g/dL and 6.3±0.3 x106 /mL respectively, when compared to the negative control group (P < 0.05). Phytochemical screening revealed positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins with varying amounts.Conclusions. The aqueous root extract of P. muellerianus was efficacious against anemia in a dose-dependent manner. The phytochemical compositions seem to be responsible for its hematopoietic properties. Thus, the root decoction of P. muellerianus is useful in alleviating anemia and the results lend credence to its use in traditional medicine in the management of anemia.

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Protective role of methanol extracts of Gentiana asclepiadea L. and G. cruciata L. against genotoxic damage induced by ethyl methanesulfonate

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1302329m ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 329-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sanja Matic ◽

Snezana Stanic ◽

Slavica Solujic ◽

Nevena Stankovic ◽

Milan Mladenovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aerial Part ◽

Protective Role ◽

Negative Control ◽

Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽

Recessive Lethal ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Strong Mutagen ◽

Gentiana Cruciata

The methanol extracts from the underground and aerial part of the two species of Gentiana genus, Gentiana asclepiadea L. and Gentiana cruciata L. from Serbia, were investigated for their antigenotoxic activity against wellestablished mutagenic agent ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) using the in vivo sexlinked recessive lethal (SLRL) test on Drosophila melanogaster. For this purpose, three days old Canton S males were treated with the potent mutagen EMS in concentration of 0.75 ppm, alone and combined with methanol extracts obtained from underground or aerial part of G. asclepiadea and G. cruciata in concentration of 5%, separately. Although EMS in concentration of 0.75 ppm increased the mutation frequency in all three broods, post-treatments with methanol extracts obtained from the underground and aerial part of G. asclepiadea and G. cruciata in concentration of 5%, respectively, drastically reduced the frequency of sex-linked recessive lethal mutations induced by EMS. Compared to the sucrose, as a negative control, methanol extract obtained from underground part of G. cruciata showed the most potent antigenotoxic activity. Extracts from the underground and aerial part of the two species of Gentiana genus, G. asclepiadea L. and G. cruciata L. from Serbia used in our experiments showed a clear antimutagenic effect, reducing the frequency of mutations induced by a strong mutagen such as EMS.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI ISOLAT SENYAWA GOLONGAN TERPENOID DARI BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VIVO PADA KELINCI JANTAN

JFL : Jurnal Farmasi Lampung ◽

10.37090/jfl.v10i1.497 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Test Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Test Substance ◽

Color Test ◽

Group 15

research on the isolation of terpenoid class of compounds from the seeds of papaya (Carica papaya L.) and test its activity against Staphylococcus aureus in vivo in male rabbits. This research aims to prove that the terpenoid compounds isolated from the seeds of papaya (Carica papaya L.) can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in vivo. Separation of terpenoid compounds by column chromatography ((eluent n-hexane: ethyl acetate: ethanol)) resulted in 25 eluates, and then merged based on the results of identification by TLC ((nhexane: ethyl acetate (8: 2)) and the color test reagent Lieburmann -Burchard produce 5 fraction groups. fraction D showed positive terpenoids with Rf 0.75 and the color purple with Lieburmann-Burchard reagent. study using 15 rabbits were divided into 5 groups: P1 (negative control), P2 (positive control) , P3 (5% of the test group), P4 (10% of the test group), P5 (test group 15%). each group was given the intracutaneous Staphylococcus aureus as 0,2ml on the backs of rabbits. Having symptoms of infection each group was given the test substance 3 times a day topically, the observed parameter is the diameter of the wound, and histopathological observations performed on days 3,6 and 9 Analysis of the results of research conducted using ANSIRA showed highly significant differences between groups (p <0.05). Then proceed with the analysis of the results of the analysis HSD test showed highly significant differences in the test group 5% to 10% of the test group and the test group 15%. Isolates terpenoid class of compounds from the seeds of papaya (Carica Papaya L.) with a concentration of 10% and 15% can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, male rabbits

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Antimalarial Activity of Hydroalcoholic Root Extract of Acanthus polystachyus Delile (Acanthaceae) Against Plasmodium berghei–Infected Mice

Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2515690x19885322 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 2515690X1988532 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dagninet Derebe ◽

Muluken Wubetu

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Negative Control ◽

New Drugs ◽

Root Extract ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Antimalarial Agents ◽

Mean Survival Time

Failure of the efficacy of antimalarial drugs is recognized in different classes of medicines for treating malaria, which urges the need for new drugs. This study tried to check the in vivo antimalarial activity of the root extracts of Acanthus polystachyus Delile against Plasmodium berghei–infected mice. The study revealed that the methanolic crude extract of the root of Acanthus polystachyus Delile showed significant ( P < .01) parasitemia suppressive activities in both models compared with the negative control. Parasitemia suppressive activities were 25.26%, 33.46%, and 51.48% in a 4-day suppressive test and 23.31%, 31.20%, and 43.54% in prophylaxis test at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract, respectively, as compared to the negative control. Besides, the extract increases mean survival time significantly in all tested doses in a 4-day suppressive test, but in the prophylaxis model, only mice treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly lived longer. Based on this finding, the root of Acanthus polystachyus Delile has strong antimalarial activity, which may be a good candidate for new antimalarial agents.

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The Antimalarial Activity of the Water Extract of Simpur (Dillenia Indica L) Leaves against Plasmodium Berghei in Mice

Majalah Obat Tradisional ◽

10.22146/mot.38626 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Hafrizal Riza ◽

Andhi Fahrurroji ◽

Supriyanto Supriyanto ◽

Arif Wicaksono

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Water Extract ◽

Test Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Test Solution ◽

Test Method ◽

Control Group ◽

Dillenia Indica

Malaria, caused by the climate of the subtropical area and the forest with many rivers and immovable water, is a contagious disease that still becomes a health problem in West Kalimantan. Simpur is a plant that is used by the locals to cure malaria. Therefore, this research aims to study the antimalarial activity in vivo and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the water extract of Simpur leaves (Dillenia indica L) against Plasmodium berghei. This research used Peter Test method that used 7 test groups based on the test solution namely positive control group that was given dihydroartemisinin+piperaquine (DHP), negative control that was given aquabidestilata and the test group that was given the water extract of Simpur leaves with various doses of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/Kg BB of mice, which each group was given the test solution for 3 days. The result shows that the water extract of Simpur leaves could lower the parasitemia count with IC50 19,22 mg/kg BB.

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