Association of Genetic Polymorphism in Apolipoprotein A5 and Lipoprotein Lipase Genes with Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Rural South Western Maharashtra

The most commonly found type of diabetes in India is type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is characterized by decrease in insulin secretion and decrease in insulin sensitivity. Several environmental factors, genetic factors, socio-economic factors, life style, dietary habits have contributed to the surge of T2DM cases in India. Numerous genes involved in lipid metabolism are likely to be candidates as the markers for obesity and T2DM. In the present study, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of two genes namely Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) and Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) involved in triglyceride metabolism were investigated using polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The control group comprised of non-obese, non-diabetic subjects (n=120) and T2DM cases were divided into obese (n=120), and non-obese (n=120) groups based on their body mass index (BMI). The demographic features between the control and cases were compared using Chi-square distribution. The genotype frequencies of control and cases were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and binary logistic regression analysis (Odds’ ratio (OR) and adjusted Odds’ ratio). It was observed that APOA5 rs3135506 (OR = 0.46 (0.27-0.79); p = 0.007) was negatively associated, while APOA5 rs662799 (OR = 2.22 (1.28-3.84); p = 0.006) was significantly associated in non-obese diabetic patients. APOA5 rs3135506 (OR = 0.03 (0.01-0.06); p < 0.001) was negatively associated and rs662799 (OR = 4.68 (1.47-14.93); p = 0.01) was significantly associated in obese diabetic patients. Both LPL SNPs (rs285 and rs320) were found not to be associated with T2DM. The association of Apo A5 variants with T2DM may be because of post transcriptional inhibition leading to reduced Apo A5 expression or these alleles may be in linkage disequilibrium with alleles which directly affect the functioning of APOA5. The observations indicated that T2DM is a multi-factorial disease with a large number of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.

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To Study the Effect of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Its Duration on Hearing

International Journal of Advanced and Integrated Medical Sciences ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10050-10093 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 140-143

Author(s):

Sameer Aggarwal ◽

Vikas Kakkar ◽

Chandni Sharma ◽

Surender Bishnoi ◽

Ankit Gulati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Pure Tone Audiometry ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Age Group ◽

Type Ii ◽

Group I

ABSTRACT Objective This study has been undertaken to study the effect of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its duration on hearing. Materials and methods The present study was conducted on 100 persons of age group 20 to 45 years. All subjects included in the study were divided into two groups. Group I: 50 patients suffering from T2DM (fasting blood sugar ≥ 126 mg/dL and postprandial ≥ 200 mg/dL) of either sex, in the age group of 20 to 45 years. Group II: 50 healthy volunteers in the age group of 20 to 45 years, of either sex were included in control group. Hearing assessment was done by using pure tone audiometry (PTA). Results In diabetic patients, the mean threshold in the PTA was higher at all frequencies as compared with healthy controls, and there was a positive correlation between the duration of diabetes and hearing loss. Conclusion Various audiological investigations have revealed that there is a strong association of diabetes with sensorineural part. The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in type II diabetics observed was 64%. In the majority of the patients, the hearing loss was bilateral, affecting mid and higher frequencies from 2 to 8 kHz. Hence, to conclude, we can say that the high prevalence of hearing loss in T2DM supports the importance of audiometric evaluation in such patients. How to cite this article Gulati A, Kakkar V, Aggarwal S, Sharma C, Panchal V, Pareek M, Bishnoi S. To Study the Effect of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Its Duration on Hearing. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(3):140-143.

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A comparative study for evaluation of cognitive function in type-II diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetics

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20181179 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 738

Author(s):

Dulcie Celia A. ◽

Ezhil Ramya J. ◽

Sriviruthi B.

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

The Impact

Background: To evaluate the impact of type-II diabetes mellitus on cognitive function and to assess the factors associated with impaired function.Methods: This prospective study compared 100 type-II diabetic people attending the diabetic clinic of Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital with another 100 membered control group. The study group was selected randomly between the age group of 45-65 years. A neuro-cognitive assessment was done using Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE), which is a simple and reliable screening test. This scale has 12 questions with time limits to assess orientation, memory, calculation, language, attention and construction. Magnitude and severity of cognitive decrement were analysed along with the possible factors affecting it.Results: Mean age of the study population was 54.6±7.24 years. Cognitive impairment was noted among 62 of cases and 48 of the control group, which means a 14% higher prevalence of cognitive impairment among the type 2 diabetics. The association of development of cognitive impairment and duration of diabetes mellitus was significant statistically (p value = 0.025443; p<0.05). Other demographic variables like gender, education and domicile were also seen to affect the results.Conclusions: Mild to moderate cognitive impairment was found significantly higher among the type-II diabetics than the non-diabetics. The cognitive impairment was found to be associated with the duration of diabetes. Hence the routine screening of cognition by SMMSE should be done in all type-II diabetic patients.

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Prevalence of dental caries in patients with type II diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽

Author(s):

Sahil Choudhari ◽

Deepika Rajendran ◽

Jaiganesh Ramamurthy

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Control Group ◽

Common Disease ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test

Diabetes mellitus, a common disease of the 20th century, has been linked with a higher risk of incidence of caries, gingivitis and periodontal disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in patients with type II diabetes mellitus and to compare them to those recorded in a control group with no systemic illnesses. Eighty-six thousand patient records were reviewed between June 2019 to March 2020. A total of 200 diabetic patients and 200 control group patients (without any systemic illness) with age group between 30-60 years were included in the study. Cross verification of data was done using RBS values and the patient's medical history. The collected data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS. Incomplete data were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done using a chi-square test. In our study, we observed that diabetic individuals had a higher number of caries than control groups. (p<0.05) Individuals above 50 years of age had a higher number of active caries compared to other groups. (p>0.05) The males affected were higher in number than females. (p>0.05) Most individuals with active caries fell in the RBS range of 200-250 mg/dl. Within the limits of the study, diabetic patients showed an increased number of active caries when compared to the control group. There was no significant association between age, gender and RBS values.

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Antioxidant status in type ii diabetes mellitus patients with or without microvascular complications

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh0704143k ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 135 (3-4) ◽

pp. 143-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nada Kostic ◽

Zorica Caparevic ◽

Sanja Ilic

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Compensatory Mechanism ◽

Type Ii ◽

Pai 1

Introduction. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems are important factors affecting the metabolism of lipoproteins in diabetes mellitus. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the lipid and antioxidant parameters in type II diabetes mellitus patients, and also to determine the effect of diabetic complications on these parameters. Method. Lipid status, Oxidized LDL cholesterol, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) levels in plasma of 50 type II diabetic patients were measured with commercially available kits. Results. The results showed only statistically significant higher levels of triglycerides (3.12?3.9 mmol/l) in diabetics compared with the controls. Ox-LDL cholesterol (84.7?16.9 mmol/l) and SOD activities (913.4?120.3 U/gHb) in type 2 diabetes mellitus were higher than those of the controls, but there was no statistical significance. On the other hand, in patients with diabetes mellitus and complications, LDL cholesterol, PAI-1, SOD and GSH-Px activities were higher but not significantly than those without complications. Triglycerides and Ox-LDL cholesterol were lower in the group of diabetic patients with complications in comparison to the group without complications. Conclusion. These results indicate that antioxidant status may be affected in type II diabetic patients and that the rise in some enzyme activities could be a compensatory mechanism to prevent tissue damage. Our results suggest that the rise in PAI-1 in type II diabetics with complications may be a good marker of vascular endothelial dysfunction.

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A Study on Serum Uric Acid Level in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

10.53350/pjmhs211572317 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 2317-2319

Author(s):

Kashif Ali Samin ◽

Khalil Ullah ◽

Muhammad Ikram Shah ◽

Abidamateen Ansari ◽

Sadia Khalil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Uric Acid Level ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Acid Level ◽

Serum Uric Acid Level ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii

Background and Aim: Morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases, particularly diabetes are increasing rapidly in Pakistan, the prevalence has reached 17.1%. A strong association has been witnessed between type II diabetes mellitus with atherosclerosis and serum uric acid level. The current study aim was to assess the levels of serum uric acid in type II diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 85 diagnosed patients of type II diabetes mellitus in Diabetes hospital, Peshawar and the Department of General Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore during the period from March 2020 to August 2020.Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosed patients 85 and healthy control 30 were evaluated in this study. The level of hyperuricemia was defined for women > 6 mg/dl and men >7 mg/dl in men. Results: In this study, a total of 85 diabetic diagnosed patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. No significant differences were there in the baseline characteristics like anthropometric and socio-demographic parameters. The mean age for diagnosed and control cases was 58.6±8.7 and 56.5±7.6 years with an age range of 40 and 80 years. Hyperuricemia proportion among diabetic patients was 12.13% while none of the control cases had hyperuricemia. The uric acid means level increased from 4.29±0.81 mg/dl with a diabetic duration between 3 and 4 years to 4.59±0.99 mg/dl with a diabetic duration of 5 to 7 years. Furthermore, mean serum uric acid level reached 6.50±1.08 in cases with diabetic duration 8 to 12 years. Statistically, a significant association was found between diabetic duration and serum uric acid. Also, a positive correlation was found in hyperlipidemia, serum uric acid levels, and hypertension. Conclusion: In diabetic patients serum uric acid levels were found to be significantly higher. Diabetic patients had hypertension, elevated serum uric acid levels, and high triglycerides with dyslipidemia. The rise in serum uric acid levels is proportional to the duration of diabetes. Keywords: Serum uric acid, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hypertension

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Elevated serum uric acid and triglycerides level in the patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus- a Nepalese case control study

Annals of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.3126/acclm.v2i2.15590 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 26-34

Author(s):

Hridaya Parajuli ◽

Jyotsna Shakya ◽

Bashu Dev Pardhe ◽

Puspa Raj Khanal ◽

Narayan Prasad Parajuli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Hyperuricemia is associated with type 2 diabetes, which is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies resulting from defects in insulin action. The present study wascarried out to look for any association between uric acid and Type II Diabetes Mellitus and also status of triacylglycerol level among those patients.Methods: The blood samples were collected 100 diabetic and 100 non-diabetic individuals in the department of biochemistry and then analyzed for estimation of blood glucose, Uric Acid and Triacylglycerol level.Results: The average level of serum uric acid in diabetic patients was higher (5.706±1.617) in comparison to non diabetic subjects (4.322±0.784) with statistically significant difference (p≤0.05). For female the result indicate there was a positive correlation between (FBS and triglycerides) and (triglycerides and uric acids) which was statistically significant (r =-0.465, n = 41, p = 0.002) and(r =-0.370, n = 41, p = 0.017) respectively.Conclusions: This study documents that hyperuricemia is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the serum triacylglycerol and serum uric acid is also found to be associated risk factors for diabetic complications. Hence, timely diagnosis and management of diabetes is vital to control the complications related to diabetes.Ann. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2016:2(1); 26-34

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Comparison of Inflammatory Markers like C - Reactive Protein, Total Leukocyte Count and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1708738 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 08 (01) ◽

pp. 11-14

Author(s):

Aditya Mungamuri ◽

Sunil Kumar Y. ◽

Suchetha Kumari N. ◽

Ullal Harshini Devi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Leukocyte Count ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Total Leukocyte Count ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Antidiabetic Treatment ◽

Normal Individuals

Abstract Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has become an epidemic in the 21st century where India leads the world with largest number of patients. There is increasing evidence that inflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and associated complications such as dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis. Many previous studies indicate inflammatory markers like CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, fibrinogen, total sialic acid, ceruloplasmin and total leucocyte count (TLC) are raised in Type II Diabetes Mellitus. However, not many studies have done association of ESR and TLC in DM. Aims: In the present study inflammatory markers like CRP, total leukocyte count and ESR were compared in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: 5mL of venous blood was taken from the study subjects.CRP, TLC and ESR was estimated. Results: There was a significant rise in the CRP, TLC and ESR values seen in patients diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus when compared to normal individuals. All three parameters (CRP, TLC, and ESR) were raised in a total of 7 cases (14%). 14 cases (28%) showed elevated levels of both CRP and ESR. A significant 8 cases (16%) showed elevation of CRP alone. There was a rise of ESR alone in 5 cases (10%). Conclusion: CRP, TLC and ESR are elevated in diabetic patients in comparison to normal individuals. These increase the risk of diabetic related complications like atherosclerosis and dyslipaedemia. Hence, anti-inflammatory drugs in combination with antidiabetic treatment can delay these complications.

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Evaluation of the Relationship between Type II Diabetes Mellitus and the Prevalence of Apical Periodontitis in Root-Filled Teeth Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Medical Principles and Practice ◽

10.1159/000500472 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 533-538

Author(s):

Selen Nihal Sisli

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Computed Tomography ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Apical Periodontitis ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Control Group ◽

Type Ii

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) with either optimal glycemic control (OGC) or poor glycemic control (PGC) compared with nondiabetics using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Subjects and Methods: The periapical status of 75 teeth with adequate root canal treatment performed at least 1 year ago that could be visualized in the field of view of CBCT images of 43 DM patients (29 females, 14 males) was compared with a control group consisting of 162 teeth of 86 nondiabetics (56 females, 30 males). In addition, the DM group was divided into subgroups according to the patients’ mean glycated hemoglobin level as either having OGC or PGC. The periapical status of the teeth was evaluated using the CBCT periapical index (CBCTPAI), and AP was diagnosed as a CBCTPAI ≥1. χ2, Fisher’s exact test, and independent-samples t tests were used for the statistical analysis, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Significant differences between the DM group and the control group were observed (p< 0.05) in terms of AP (the frequencies of both CBCTPAI ≥1 and CBCTPAI ≥3) and the frequency of cardiovascular disease, while there were no significant differences between the DM subgroups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of AP and severe bone destruction in periapical tissues was significantly higher in the DM patients compared with the nondiabetic patients.

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Study of Prevalence of Hypomagnesemia in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

The Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10045-0057 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 55-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

NH Rekha ◽

MS Bharath ◽

SP Channakeshava

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Serum Magnesium ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Major Health ◽

Medical College

ABSTRACT Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder. Prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally and it is one of the major health problems of the 21st century. The disturbance in serum magnesium (SMg) has been reported among patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Hypomagnesemia has negative impact on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Aim This study was undertaken to know the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in patients with type II diabetes mellitus and its relation with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The study was conducted on 200 patients with type II diabetes and 100 healthy controls at RajaRajeswari Medical College & Hospital, Bengaluru. Results Out of 200 diabetic patients, 115 (57%) had hypomagnesemia. We observed mean SMg (1.7 mg) significantly low in diabetic patients compared with controls (2.1 mg). We also found HbA1c was high (9%) in hypomagnesemia patients. We found that diabetic hypomagnesemic patients had high mean fasting blood glucose (242.6 mg%) and postprandial blood sugar (313 mg%) than controls. How to cite this article Rekha NH, Bharath MS, Channakeshava SP. Study of Prevalence of Hypomagnesemia in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Sci 2017;3(2):55-58.

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