scholarly journals Kinetic, Thermodynamic and Isotherm Studies for the removal of Acid Red 88 from Aqueous Medium by Polyaniline-CuCl2 Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1774-1781
Author(s):  
Anusha Dhanagopal ◽  
Lingeswari Dheenathayalan ◽  
Vimala Thiyagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Enthalpy And Entropy ◽  
Ftir Technique ◽  
Doped Polyaniline ◽  
Association Time ◽  
The Impact

The metal salt doped polyaniline has been used as adsorbent for the removal of synthetic dye. The influence of experimental parameters like association time, adsorbent dosage, agitating speed, pH and electrical conductivity on adsorption of Acid Red 88 was systematically investigated. More than 95% of Acid Red 88 was removed after 55 minutes of adsorbent/adsorbate contact time for 0.3g/L of PANI-CuCl2. Calculations have been carried out to analyse the impact of weight of PANI-CuCl2 composite and concentration of Acid Red 88 on the percentage of decolourisation. Kinetics and isotherm analysis were also carried out to describe the adsorption process. Electrical conductivity, SEM and FTIR technique were used to characterize the adsorbent before and after adsorption. The thermodynamic parameters like changes in free energy, enthalpy and entropy were also evolved to predict the nature of adsorption. The adsorbent is stable, easy to prepare and suitable to remove Acid Red 88 from effluent.

scholarly journals Uptake of p-Nitrophenol (PNP) from model aqueous solutions using raw and quaternised Afromomum melegueta peels

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
J. Ndiritu ◽  
I W. Mwangi ◽  
J. I. Murungi ◽  
R. N. Wanjau
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Cellulose Structure ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Ftir Technique ◽  
Design Simplicity ◽  
The Impact

 Anthropogenic activities contribute large amounts of pollutants to the environment which threaten animal and human health. There is increased realization of the effect of these toxins on surface and ground water, consequently, their elimination is vital in rendering secure water for drinking as well as culpable release of effluents to our habitats. Phenolic compounds cause serious health effects to both humans and animals; a p-Nitrophenol concentration of 1 ppb changes the taste and odour of water as well as meat and fish quality. In humans, exposure to PNP causes eye and skin burns while its interaction with blood leads to confusion, cyanosis and unconsciousness. It is imperative therefore to find ways for removing PNP from water. Among the available techniques for removing PNP from water, adsorption is more convenient and offers more advantages because of its design, simplicity, and operating flexibility. The present study involved application of peels of raw Afromomum melegueta (RAM) and quaternised Afromomum melegueta (QAM) to remove PNP from water through adsorption. The raw adsorbents were modified with a quaternary ammonium salt to improve their uptake efficiency. The impact of experimental parameters; contact time, pH, sorbent dose, temperature and concentration were investigated. Attenuated FTIR technique was employed to characterize the adsorbent materials. It was established that the quaternary ammonium compound was anchored chemically within the cellulose structure of Afromomum melegueta peels. The behavior of adsorption of PNP was investigated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The physical sorption load was 8.70 and 106.38 mg/g for RAM and QAM peels respectively from Langmuir adsorption equation. Uptake of PNP is high at the first 30 mins of contact and at sorbent dosage of 0.01 g and 0.03 g for RAM and QAM respectively. Quantity of PNP removed increases as the initial concentration rises however, adsorption decreases after a concentration exceeding 30 mg/L. The ideal pH and temperature for PNP removal is at pH 3 and 25 ˚C respectively. In conclusion, the findings suggest that Afromomum melegueta peels can be friendly to the environment, cheap biosorbents and efficient which can be applied for the uptake of PNP from drinking water

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling and thermodynamic study of copper (II) removal from aqueous solution by Coriandrum Sativum seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 478-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamya Kadiri ◽  
Ahmed Lebkiri ◽  
EL Housseine Rifi ◽  
Abdelkarim Ouass ◽  
Youness Essaadaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
First Order ◽  
Edax Analysis ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Biosorption Kinetics

Coriandrum Sativum seeds (CSS), were tested as a new eco-friendly adsorbent of copper ions from aqueous solutions. Hence, the effect of the most influencing experimental parameters such as initial concentration of Cu (II) and the temperature was studied upon the adsorption process in order to use its results in following studies. Lagergren pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Intraparticle diffusion models were used to describe the biosorption kinetics. The adsorption process was also analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models and the maximum monolayer biosorption capacity of CSS was found to be 33,5 mg. g−1 by using the Langmuir model. So as to investigate the thermodynamic properties of the adsorption process, the Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) values in the temperature range of 25-55C° were also calculated in order to conclude the process characteristics. SEM and EDAX analysis were effectuated in order to study the surface morphology of CSS before and after the adsorption process.

scholarly journals Influence of reduction conditions of NiO on its mechanical and electrical properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehor Brodnikovskyi ◽  
Bogdan Vasyliv ◽  
Viktoriya Podhurska ◽  
Mariusz Andrzejczuk ◽  
Nikkia McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Reduction Stage ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Volume Decrease

<p class="PaperAbstract"><span lang="EN-GB">Yttria stabilized zirconia with a nickel catalyst (Ni-YSZ) is the most developed, widely used cermet anode for manufacturing Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). Its electro-catalytic properties, mechanical durability and performance stability in hydrogen-rich environ­ments makes it the state of the art fuel electrode for SOFCs. During the reduction stage in initial SOFC operation, the virgin anode material, a NiO-YSZ mixture, is reduced to Ni-YSZ. The volume decrease associated with the change from NiO-YSZ to Ni-YSZ creates voids and causes structural changes, which can influence the physical properties of the anode. In this work, the structural, mechanical and electrical properties of NiO samples before and after reduction in pure H<sub>2</sub> and a mixture of 5 vol. % H<sub>2</sub>-Ar were studied. The NiO to Ni phase transformations that occur in the anode under reducing and Reduction-Oxidation (RedOx) cycling conditions and the impact on cell microstruc­ture, strength and electrical conductivity have been examined. Results show that the RedOx treatment of the NiO samples influence on their properties controversially, due to structural transfor­mation (formation of large amount of fine pores) of the reduced Ni. It strengthened the treated samples yielding the highest mechanical strength values of 25.7 MPa, but from another side it is resulting in lowest electrical conductivity value of 1.9×10<sup>5</sup> S m<sup>-1</sup> among all reduced samples. The results of this investigation shows that reduction conditions of NiO is a powerful tool for influence on properties of the anode substrate.</span></p>

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN JALAN LAYANG JANTI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN TATA RUANG KAWASAN JANTI STUDI KASUS : KAWASAN JANTI, DESA CATURTUNGGAL, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, D. I. YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Jeky El Boru
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
The Road ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parking Place

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the impact of Janti Flyover Construction toward the growth of layout at Janti Urban Area, including structured space, open space, and linkage. Method used for data collecting are observation, air photograph monitoring, and interview, whereas the analysis method is qualitative description, which is the superimposed method of two layers, that are the layout condition before and after flyover construction. The result shows that the impact of Janti Flyover construction can be seen on building mass (solid), the increasing number of open spaces, including the road network, parking place, and park, whereas the relation between spaces, visually and structurally, can be seen on the growth of buildings which have new shapes and styles, therefore the performance of the overall building does not have a proportional shape. Considering Janti Street at the collective relation, its role is getting stronger as the main frame road network.Keywords: Flyover construction, layout changing, Janti AreaAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pembangunan Jalan Layang Janti terhadap perkembangan tata ruang Kawasan Janti, meliputi ruang terbangun, ruang terbuka, serta hubungan antar ruang (“linkage”). Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, pengamatan foto udara, dan wawancara; sedangkan metode analisis melalui deskripsi secara kualitatif yang berupa “superimposed method” dari dua lapisan kondisi lahan, yakni kondisi tata ruang sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan jalan layang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pembangunan Jalan Layang Janti terdapat pada massa bangunan (“solid”), pertambahan ruang terbuka yang berupa jaringan jalan, parkir, dan taman; sedangkan pada hubungan antar ruang ̶ secara visual dan struktural ̶ yakni tumbuhnya bangunan dengan bentuk dan gaya baru, sehingga bentuk tampilan bangunan secara keseluruhan tidak proporsional. Pada hubungan kolektif, Jalan Janti semakin kuat perannya sebagai kerangka utama jaringan jalan.Kata kunci : Pembangunan jalan layang, tata ruang, Kawasan Janti

Impact of merger on efficiency and productivity : a case study of commercial banks in Malaysia

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Mahadzir Ismail ◽  
Saliza Sulaiman ◽  
Hasni Abdul Rahim ◽  
Nordiana Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Domestic Banks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

The Financial Master Plan (2001- 2010) aims to enhance the capacity of banking industry so that higher effic iency and productivity can be reaped in the future. This study seeks to determine the impact of merger on the efficiency and productivity ofcommercial banks in Malaysia for the period 1995 until 2005. The study uses a non-parametric approach, nam ely DEA (data envelopment analysis?) to estimate the efficiency scores and to construct the Malmquist productivity index. To enable this estimation, three bank inputs and outputs are used. Amongst the findings are those banks exhibit higher efficiency score after the merger and thefo reign banks are more efficient than the local banks. Productivity of the banks is calculated in both periods, before and after the merger: The results show that, it is the local banks that have improved the most after the merger. The main source of productivity is technical change or innovation. The findings support the existing policy of having larger domestic banks in term of size.

THE EFFECT OF METACOGNITIVE INSTRUCTION ON MAXIMIZING EFL LEARNERS’ METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS IN LISTENING

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Mahsa Assadi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Listening Test ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Metacognitive Instruction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Comprehension Ability ◽  
The Impact

This study reports a pre-experimental research on the impact of metacognitive instruction on EFL learners’ metacognitive awareness and their listening performance. To obtain the goal of the study, a group of 30 Iranian intermediate EFL learners, including 14 males and 16 females, were selected randomly. Their ages range from 20 to 24. The participants took part in 16 weeks’ intervention program based on metacognitive pedagogical sequence consisted of five stages. The metacognitive awareness listening questionnaire (MALQ), and a listening test were also used to find changes in metacognitive awareness and listening performance before and after the treatment. The results of comparing pre and posttests scores revealed that metacognitive instruction raised the learners’ metacognitive awareness and helped them improve their listening comprehension ability.

Effect of Cu doping on the electrical Properties of ZnTe by Vacuum Thermal Evaporation

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Sarmad M. M. Ali ◽  
Alia A.A. Shehab ◽  
Samir A. Maki
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hall Effect ◽  
Carrier Concentration ◽  
Hall Mobility ◽  
Cu Doping ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hall Effect Measurements ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
P Type

In this study, the ZnTe thin films were deposited on a glass substrate at a thickness of 400nm using vacuum evaporation technique (2×10-5mbar) at RT. Electrical conductivity and Hall effect measurements have been investigated as a function of variation of the doping ratios (3,5,7%) of the Cu element on the thin ZnTe films. The temperature range of (25-200°C) is to record the electrical conductivity values. The results of the films have two types of transport mechanisms of free carriers with two values of activation energy (Ea1, Ea2), expect 3% Cu. The activation energy (Ea1) increased from 29meV to 157meV before and after doping (Cu at 5%) respectively. The results of Hall effect measurements of ZnTe , ZnTe:Cu films show that all films were (p-type), the carrier concentration (1.1×1020 m-3) , Hall mobility (0.464m2/V.s) for pure ZnTe film, increases the carrier concentration (6.3×1021m-3) Hall mobility (2m2/V.s) for doping (Cu at 3%) film, but  decreases by increasing Cu concentration.

Impact of Michigan’s new opioid prescribing laws on spine surgery patients: analysis of the Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Paul Park ◽  
Victor Chang ◽  
Hsueh-Han Yeh ◽  
Jason M. Schwalb ◽  
David R. Nerenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Readmission Rate ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Readmission Rates ◽  
Opioid Prescribing ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVEIn 2017, Michigan passed new legislation designed to reduce opioid abuse. This study evaluated the impact of these new restrictive laws on preoperative narcotic use, short-term outcomes, and readmission rates after spinal surgery.METHODSPatient data from 1 year before and 1 year after initiation of the new opioid laws (beginning July 1, 2018) were queried from the Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative database. Before and after implementation of the major elements of the new laws, 12,325 and 11,988 patients, respectively, were treated.RESULTSPatients before and after passage of the opioid laws had generally similar demographic and surgical characteristics. Notably, after passage of the opioid laws, the number of patients taking daily narcotics preoperatively decreased from 3783 (48.7%) to 2698 (39.7%; p < 0.0001). Three months postoperatively, there were no differences in minimum clinically important difference (56.0% vs 58.0%, p = 0.1068), numeric rating scale (NRS) score of back pain (3.5 vs 3.4, p = 0.1156), NRS score of leg pain (2.7 vs 2.7, p = 0.3595), satisfaction (84.4% vs 84.7%, p = 0.6852), or 90-day readmission rate (5.8% vs 6.2%, p = 0.3202) between groups. Although there was no difference in readmission rates, pain as a reason for readmission was marginally more common (0.86% vs 1.22%, p = 0.0323).CONCLUSIONSThere was a meaningful decrease in preoperative narcotic use, but notably there was no apparent negative impact on postoperative recovery, patient satisfaction, or short-term outcomes after spinal surgery despite more restrictive opioid prescribing. Although the readmission rate did not significantly increase, pain as a reason for readmission was marginally more frequently observed.

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