scholarly journals Investigation of Minerals Substituted Hydroxyapatite Based Nanocomposite Coated Titanium Implant for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1139-1145
Author(s):  
Dharman Govindaraj ◽  
Mariappan Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Blood Compatibility ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Nanocomposite Coating ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

In this paper, the collagen (Col)@minerals (Sr, Mg, Ce) substituted hydroxyapatite (MHA1)-halloysite nanotubes - single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) (Col@MHA1-HNT-SWCNT) nanocomposite was coated on the titanium (Ti) implant was investigated using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. The phase and microstructure analysis of the coated samples were characterized using XRD, and SEM-EDAX, respectively. The Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains were tested for antimicrobial activity. The zone of inhibition shows that the Col@MHA1-HNT-SWCNT nanocomposite coating was effective at inhibiting pathogens. The analysis of blood compatibility revealed that the hemolytic ratio was less than 5%, confirming that the nanocomposite were naturally hemocompatible. Furthermore, the cell viability assay using osteoblast-like cells showed excellent cell proliferation and attachments on prepared samples. According to the findings of this research, the Col@MHA1-HNT-SWCNT nanocomposite coating supports bioactivity through fast osteo-compatibility and has greater bacterial resistance, making it necessary for the required biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Promising biocompatible hydrogels of crosslinked polyelectrolytes for biomedical applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 695-698
Author(s):  
Andreas Brietzke ◽  
Christian von der Ehe ◽  
Sabine Illner ◽  
Claudia Matschegewski ◽  
Niels Grabow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Mouse Fibroblasts ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Intelligent Implant ◽  
L929 Mouse

AbstractFor the development of intelligent implant systems hydrogels (HG) from crosslinked ionic liquids feature a high potential to be utilised as a drug depot. Biocompatibility of the HGs is one key prerequisite for biomedical applications. HGs were polymerised from a variety of different ionic monomers based on methacrylate, methacrylamide, styrene or vinyl imidazolium derivatives in aqueous solution. N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide was used as crosslinker. CellQuanti-Blue™ Cell Viability Assay Kit was implemented to proof viability of L929 mouse fibroblasts. The predominant part of the HG eluates generated only a marginal reduction of less than 15% cell viability at 100% eluate concentration. This underlines the excellent suitability of these HGs for biomedical applications and revealed some promising candidates for the development of drug depots for implants.

Fluorophore-doped calcium phosphate nanoparticles for non-toxic biomedical applications

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (76) ◽  
pp. 40449-40455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Anuradha ◽  
Jagdish Chandra Joshi ◽  
Kavita Gulati ◽  
Arunabha Ray ◽  
Indrajit Roy
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Chitosan Coating ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles ◽  
In Cells

Cell viability assay showing absence of toxicity in cells treated with calcium phosphate nanoparticles, without (CP) and with (CP-CH) chitosan coating.

scholarly journals Novel Porous Forsterite Ceramics Biocompatibility and Bioactivity Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-351
Author(s):  
Maria Gorea ◽  
Marieta-Adriana Naghiu ◽  
Alexandra Avram ◽  
Ioan Petean ◽  
Aurora Mocanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Binding Component

This study is aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility and bioactivity of some new porous forsterite ceramics (FCs) produced from high-purity nano forsterite powder, synthesized by an original sol-gel method, which was subjected to pressing into pellets, by using a poly vinyl alcohol solution as a binding component. Then, the raw pellets were sintered at 1200 �C, 1300 �C, 1400 �C and 1450 �C. The obtained four forsterite ceramics, FC-1200, FC-1300, FC-1400 and FC-1450, were fully characterized by density, porosity and shrinkage measurements. The forsterite ceramics exhibited excellent biocompatibility determined by an in vitro cell viability assay, such as MTT test. Furthermore, the in vitro bioactivity test was performed by immersing the forsterite ceramics into simulated body fluid (SBF) and examining the hydroxyapatite (HAP) formation on forsterite ceramics, as evidenced by XRD, FTIR, SEM with EDX. Moreover, the relationship between porous structure and bioactivity of forsterite ceramics in SBF as well as the performance of FC in a cell culture was evaluated. The findings strongly recommend these forsterite ceramics for biomedical applications, as potential bone substitutes.

Proliferative Effect of Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) Lectin on BALB/c Mice Splenocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 887-892
Author(s):  
Cynarha Daysy Cardoso da Silva ◽  
Cristiane Moutinho Lagos de Melo ◽  
Elba Verônica Matoso Maciel Carvalho ◽  
Mércia Andréa Lino da Silva ◽  
Rosiely Félix Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Con A ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Proliferative Effect ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Apoptosis And Necrosis

Background: Lectins have been studied in recent years due to their immunomodulatory activities. Objective: We purified a lectin named OniL from tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and here we analyzed the cell proliferation and cytokine production in Balb/c mice splenocytes. Methods: Cells were stimulated in vitro in 24, 48, 72 hours and 6 days with different concentrations of OniL and Con A. Evaluation of cell proliferation was performed through [3H]-thymidine incorporation, cytokines were investigated using ELISA assay and cell viability assay was performed by investigation of damage through signals of apoptosis and necrosis. Results: OniL did not promote significant cell death, induced high mitogenic activity in relation to control and Con A and stimulated the cells to release high IL-2 and IL-6 cytokines. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, like Con A, OniL lectin can be used as a mitogenic agent in immunostimulatory assays.

Do We have a Satisfactory Cell Viability Assay? Review of the Currently Commercially-Available Assays

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel-Baset Halim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Current Cell ◽  
Dying Cells ◽  
Differential Permeability

:Cell-based assays are an important part of the drug discovery process and clinical research. One of the main hurdles is to design sufficiently robust assays with adequate signal to noise parameters while maintaining the inherent physiology of the cells and not interfering with the pharmacology of target being investigated.:A plethora of assays that assess cell viability (or cell heath in general) are commercially available and can be classified under different categories according to their concepts and principle of reactions. The assays are valuable tools, however, suffer from a large number of limitations. Some of these limitations can be procedural or operational, but others can be critical as those related to a poor concept or the lack of proof of concept of an assay, e.g. those relying on differential permeability of dyes in-and-out of viable versus compromised cell membranes. While the assays can differentiate between dead and live cells, most, if not all, of them can just assess the relative performance of cells rather than providing a clear distinction between healthy and dying cells. The possible impact of relatively high molecular weight dyes, used in most of the assay, on cell viability has not been addressed. More innovative assays are needed, and until better alternatives are developed, setup of current cell-based studies and data interpretation should be made with the limitations in mind. Negative and positive control should be considered whenever feasible. Also, researchers should use more than one orthogonal method for better assessment of cell health.

scholarly journals Highly absorbent hydrogels comprised from interpenetrated networks of alginate–polyurethane for biomedical applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús A. Claudio-Rizo ◽  
Nallely Escobedo-Estrada ◽  
Sara L. Carrillo-Cortes ◽  
Denis A. Cabrera-Munguía ◽  
Tirso E. Flores-Guía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Amide Bonds ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Potential Area

AbstractDeveloping new approaches to improve the swelling, degradation rate, and mechanical properties of alginate hydrogels without compromising their biocompatibility for biomedical applications represents a potential area of research. In this work, the generation of interpenetrated networks (IPN) comprised from alginate–polyurethane in an aqueous medium is proposed to design hydrogels with tailored properties for biomedical applications. Aqueous polyurethane (PU) dispersions can crosslink and interpenetrate alginate chains, forming amide bonds that allow the structure and water absorption capacity of these novel hydrogels to be regulated. In this sense, this work focuses on studying the relation of the PU concentration on the properties of these hydrogels. The results indicate that the crosslinking of the alginate with PU generates IPN hydrogels with a crystalline structure characterized by a homogeneous smooth surface with high capacity to absorb water, tailoring the degradation rate, thermal decomposition, and storage module, not altering the native biocompatibility of alginate, providing character to inhibit the growth of E. coli and increasing also its hemocompatibility. The IPN hydrogels that include 20 wt.% of PU exhibit a reticulation index of 46 ± 4%, swelling capacity of 545 ± 13% at 7 days of incubation at physiological pH, resistance to both acidic and neutral hydrolytic degradation, mechanical improvement of 91 ± 1%, and no cytotoxicity for monocytes and fibroblasts growing for up to 72 h of incubation. These results indicate that these novel hydrogels can be used for successful biomedical applications in the design of wound healing dressings.

scholarly journals Poly(Vinylamine) Derived N-Doped C-Dots with Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Semiha Duygu Sutekin ◽  
Mehtap Sahiner ◽  
Selin Sagbas Suner ◽  
Sahin Demirci ◽  
Olgun Güven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Blood Compatibility ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Doped Carbon Dots ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-doped C-dots) was synthesized by using poly(vinyl amine) (PVAm) as a nitrogen source and citric acid (CA) as a carbon source via the hydrothermal method. Various weight ratios of CA and PVAm (CA:PVAm) were used to synthesize N-doped C-dots. The N-doped C-dots revealed emission at 440 nm with excitation at 360 nm and were found to increase the fluorescence intensity with an increase in the amount of PVAm. The blood compatibility studies revealed no significant hemolysis for N-doped C-dots that were prepared at different ratios of CA:PVAm for up to 500 μg/mL concentration with the hemolysis ratio of 1.96% and the minimum blood clotting index of 88.9%. N-doped C-dots were found to be more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria, with the highest potency on Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). The increase in the weight ratio of PVAm in feed during C-dots preparation from 1 to 3 leads to a decrease of the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value from 6.25 to 0.75 mg/mL for B. subtilis. Antibiofilm ability of N-doped C-dots prepared by 1:3 ratio of CA:PVAm was found to reduce %biofilm inhibition and eradication- by more than half, at 0.78 mg/mL for E. coli and B. subtilis generated biofilms and almost destroyed at 25 mg/mL concentrations.

SPARC regulates ferroptosis induced by sorafenib in human hepatocellular carcinoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hong-Wei Hua ◽  
Hao-Sheng Jiang ◽  
Ling Jia ◽  
Yi-Ping Jia ◽  
Yu-Lan Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Ldh Release ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Hcc Cells

BACKGROUND: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is implicated in cancer progression, but its role and associated molecular mechanism in the sorafenib sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) remains elusive. METHODS: Human HCC cell lines Hep3B and HepG2 were treated with sorafenib alone or combined with activator or inhibitor of ferroptosis. Cell viability assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and western blot were used to study the regulatory mechanism of SPARC on HCC cells. RESULTS: Overexpression of SPARC enhanced the cytotoxic effect of sorafenib in Hep3B and HepG2 cells compared with parental cells. Depletion of SPARC decreased the cytotoxic effect of sorafenib in Hep3B and HepG2 cells compared with parental cells. Moreover, overexpression of SPARC significantly induced LDH release, whereas depletion of SPARC suppressed the release of LDH in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Inhibition of ferroptosis exerted a clear inhibitory role against LDH release, whereas activation of ferroptosis promoted the release of LDH in HCC cells, as accompanied with deregulated expression of ferroptosis-related proteins. Furthermore, overexpression of SPARC induced oxidative stress, whereas depletion of SPARC suppressed the production of ROS. Deferoxamine (DFX)-induced inhibition of ferroptosis suppressed the production of ROS, while activation of ferroptosis promoted the contents of ROS in HCC cells exposed to sorafenib. CONCLUSION: Our findings give a better understanding of ferroptosis and its molecular mechanism in HCC cells that is regulated by SPARC in response to sorafenib.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Halofuginone Enantiomers on Muscle Fibrosis and Histopathology in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7063
Author(s):  
Sharon Mordechay ◽  
Shaun Smullen ◽  
Paul Evans ◽  
Olga Genin ◽  
Mark Pines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Mdx Mice ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Muscle Fibrosis ◽  
Antifibrotic Therapy ◽  
Racemic Form ◽  
Viability Assay

Progressive loss of muscle and muscle function is associated with significant fibrosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. Halofuginone, an analog of febrifugine, prevents fibrosis in various animal models, including those of muscular dystrophies. Effects of (+)/(−)-halofuginone enantiomers on motor coordination and diaphragm histopathology in mdx mice, the mouse model for DMD, were examined. Four-week-old male mice were treated with racemic halofuginone, or its separate enantiomers, for 10 weeks. Controls were treated with saline. Racemic halofuginone-treated mice demonstrated better motor coordination and balance than controls. However, (+)-halofuginone surpassed the racemic form’s effect. No effect was observed for (−)-halofuginone, which behaved like the control. A significant reduction in collagen content and degenerative areas, and an increase in utrophin levels were observed in diaphragms of mice treated with racemic halofuginone. Again, (+)-halofuginone was more effective than the racemic form, whereas (−)-halofuginone had no effect. Both racemic and (+)-halofuginone increased diaphragm myofiber diameters, with no effect for (−)-halofuginone. No effects were observed for any of the compounds tested in an in-vitro cell viability assay. These results, demonstrating a differential effect of the halofuginone enantiomers and superiority of (+)-halofuginone, are of great importance for future use of (+)-halofuginone as a DMD antifibrotic therapy.

scholarly journals BDMC protects AD in vitro via AMPK and SIRT1

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
Chenlin Xu ◽  
Zijian Xiao ◽  
Heng Wu ◽  
Guijuan Zhou ◽  
Duanqun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Compound C

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder without any satisfactory therapeutic approaches. AD is mainly characterized by the deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and extensive neuronal cell death. Curcumin, with anti-oxidative stress (OS) and cell apoptosis properties, plays essential roles in AD. However, whether bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), a derivative of curcumin, can exert a neuroprotective effect in AD remains to be elucidated.MethodsIn this study, SK-N-SH cells were used to establish an in vitro model to investigate the effects of BDMC on the Aβ1–42-induced neurotoxicity. SK-N-SH cells were pretreated with BDMC and with or without compound C and EX527 for 30 min after co-incubation with rotenone for 24 h. Subsequently, western blotting, cell viability assay and SOD and GSH activity measurement were performed.ResultsBDMC increased the cell survival, anti-OS ability, AMPK phosphorylation levels and SIRT1 in SK-N-SH cells treated with Aβ1–42. However, after treatment with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, and EX527, an SIRT1inhibitor, the neuroprotective roles of BDMC on SK-N-SH cells treated with Aβ1–42 were inhibited.ConclusionThese results suggest that BDMC exerts a neuroprotective role on SK-N-SH cells in vitro via AMPK/SIRT1 signaling, laying the foundation for the application of BDMC in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases related to AMPK/SIRT1 signaling.

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