scholarly journals Batch pyrolysis of cotton stalks for evaluation of biochar energy potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafat Al Afif ◽  
S. Sean Anayah ◽  
Christoph Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Selection Of

The thermal cracking of cotton stalks (CS) via pyrolysis was performed using a laboratory scale batch pyrolysis reactor. The effects of the final pyrolysis temperature varying from 300 to 800°C on the pyrolysis products distribution has been investigated. The maximum biochar yield of 46.5% was obtained at 400°C. As the pyrolysis process temperature increased, the solid char product yield decreased. The lowest biochar yield of 28% was obtained at 800°C. The largest higher heating value (HHV, 25.845 MJ kg-1) was obtained at 600°C. All biochar samples produced between 500 and 700°C had an energy densification ratio of 1.41, indicating a higher mass-energy density than the initial feedstock. A larger share of syngas and bio-oil were produced at higher temperatures, as estimated. Preferential selection of a char based on the energy yield would lead to a selection of the 400°C product, while selection based on the energy densification ratio would be for a product obtained between 500 to 700°C.

Effect of Soil on Fast Pyrolysis Products from Pine (Pinus taeda) Biomass

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujjain Pradhan ◽  
Sushil Adhikari ◽  
Oladiran Fasina ◽  
Hyungseok Nam
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Dehydration Reactions ◽  
Bio Oil

Abstract. Detrital soil contamination during wood harvesting cannot be avoided without a further cleaning step. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of Piedmont soil on pinewood pyrolysis products. Ash content was varied at 0.56%, 1.16%, 2.77%, 4.40%, 6.87%, 8.35%, and 15.52% by adding soil to woodchips to mimic the highly soil-contaminated biomass that can be found in biorefineries. This study found that bio-oil yield decreased from 47.1% to 26.3% with an increase in ash content from 0.56% to 15.52%. However, the oxygen content of the bio-oil decreased and the carbon content increased, which led to an increase in heating value from 22.5 to 24.9 MJ kg-1. Inorganics in the soil aided in the catalytic cracking and dehydration reactions for bio-oil formation. A slight increase in the total acid number (106 to 117 mg KOH g-1) and water content (20.72% to 24.99%) was observed with more soil inclusion in the pyrolysis. The effect of soil on biochar O/C and H/C ratios was minimal even though the heating value decreased with an increase in soil content. This study showed that soil (4%wt to 7%wt) in the biomass assisted in deoxygenating the bio-oil and lowered the total mass yield while keeping the total energy yield almost constant. Keywords: Fast pyrolysis, Pinewood, Pinus taeda, Soil, Thermochemical conversion.

scholarly journals Bio-Oil Characterizations of Spirulina Platensis Residue (SPR) Pyrolysis Products for Renewable Energy Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Siti Jamilatun ◽  
Aster Rahayu ◽  
Yano Surya Pradana ◽  
Budhijanto ◽  
Rochmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Bio Oil

Nowadays, energy consumption has increased as a population increases with socio-economic developments and improved living standards. Therefore, it is necessary to find a replacement for fossil energy with renewable energy sources, and the potential to develop is biofuels. Bio-oil, water phase, gas, and char products will be produced by utilizing Spirulina platensis (SPR) microalgae extraction residue as pyrolysis raw material. The purpose of this study is to characterize pyrolysis products and bio-oil analysis with GC-MS. Quality fuel is good if O/C is low, H/C is high, HHV is high, and oxygenate compounds are low, but aliphatic and aromatic are high. Pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 300-600°C with a feed of 50 grams in atmospheric conditions with a heating rate of 5-35°C/min, the equipment used was a fixed-bed reactor. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the bio-oil yield will be to an optimum temperature, then lower. The optimum temperature of pyrolysis is 550°C with a bio-oil yield of 23.99 wt%. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the H/C, the lower O/C. The optimum condition was reached at a temperature of 500°C with the values of H/C, and O/C is 1.17 and 0.47. With an increase in temperature of 300-600°C, HHV increased from 11.64 MJ/kg to 20.63 MJ/kg, the oxygenate compound decreased from 85.26 to 37.55 wt%. Aliphatics and aromatics increased, respectively, from 5.76 to 36.72 wt% and 1.67 to 6.67 wt%.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on bio-oil fractions of palm kernel shell thermal distillation

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Deana Qarizada ◽  
Erfan Mohammadian ◽  
Azil Bahari Alias ◽  
Humapar Azhar Rahimi ◽  
Suriatie Binti Mat Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Fractions

Distillation is an essential thermo chemical process; it mainly depends on temperature which affects mostly the product yield and composition. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of temperature on the characterization of bio-oil liquid fraction derived from palm kernel shell (PKS) bio-oil. The temperatures were 100 °C and 140°C. The higher heating value (HHV) obtained were 28.6MJ/Kg and 31.5MJ/Kg for bio-oil fraction 100°C and 140°C respectively. The GC- MS analysis determined that phenol is the dominant product in bio-oil fractions.

scholarly journals Investigation of biomass components on the slow pyrolysis products yield using Aspen Plus for techno-economic analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahbaz ◽  
Ahmed AlNouss ◽  
Prakash Parthasarathy ◽  
Ali H. Abdelaal ◽  
Hamish Mackey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Solid Residence Time ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Prior information on the pyrolysis product behaviour of biomass components-cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin is critical in the selection of feedstock as components have a significant influence on the pyrolysis products yield. In this study, the effect of biomass components on the yield of slow pyrolysis products (char, bio-oil and syngas) is investigated using a validated ASPEN Plus® model. The model is simulated at a temperature of 450 °C, a heating rate of 10 °C/min and a solid residence time of 30 min. The results indicated that at the given conditions, lignin contributed 2.4 and 2.5 times more char yield than cellulose and hemicellulose. The hemicellulose contributed 1.33 times more syngas yield than lignin while the cellulose and hemicellulose contributed 8.67 times more bio-oil yield than lignin. Moreover, the cost involved in the production of char using lignin (110 $/ton) is significantly economical than using cellulose (285 $/ton) and hemicellulose (296 $/ton). The net CO2 emission of lignin pyrolysis is 4.14 times lower than cellulose pyrolysis and 3.94 times lower than hemicellulose pyrolysis. It can be concluded that lignin pyrolysis is more advantageous than cellulose and hemicellulose pyrolysis. In the selection of feedstock for the slow pyrolysis, the feedstock with more lignin content is preferred. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Different Pyrolysis Process Conditions of South Asian Waste Coconut Shell and Characterization of Gas, Bio-Char, and Bio-Oil

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanto Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Qingyue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
The Impact

In the present study, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the impact of pyrolysis temperature on the outcome yields of waste coconut shells in a fixed bed reactor under varying conditions of pyrolysis temperature, from 400 to 800 °C. The temperature was increased at a stable heating rate of about 10 °C/min, while keeping the sweeping gas (Ar) flow rate constant at about 100 mL/min. The bio-oil was described by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) investigations and demonstrated to be an exceptionally oxygenated complex mixture. The resulting bio-chars were characterized by elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The output of bio-char was diminished pointedly, from 33.6% to 28.6%, when the pyrolysis temperature ranged from 400 to 600 °C, respectively. In addition, the bio-chars were carbonized with the expansion of the pyrolysis temperature. Moreover, the remaining bio-char carbons were improved under a stable structure. Experimental results showed that the highest bio-oil yield was acquired at 600 °C, at about 48.7%. The production of gas increased from 15.4 to 18.3 wt.% as the temperature increased from 400 to 800 °C. Additionally, it was observed that temperature played a vital role on the product yield, as well as having a vital effect on the characteristics of waste coconut shell slow-pyrolysis.

scholarly journals The Study of Kinetic Properties and Analytical Pyrolysis of Coconut Shells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahir Said ◽  
Geoffrey John ◽  
Cuthbert Mhilu ◽  
Samwel Manyele
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds

The kinetic properties of coconut shells during pyrolysis were studied to determine its reactivity in ground form. The kinetic parameters were determined by using thermogravimetric analyser. The activation energy was 122.780 kJ/mol. The pyrolysis products were analyzed using pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The effects of pyrolysis temperature on the distribution of the pyrolytic products were assessed in a temperature range between 673 K and 1073 K. The set time for pyrolysis was 2 s. Several compounds were observed; they were grouped into alkanes, acids, ethers and alcohols, esters, aldehydes and ketones, furans and pyrans, aromatic compounds, and nitrogen containing compounds. The product compositions varied with temperature in that range. The highest gas proportion was observed at high temperature while the acid proportion was observed to be highest in coconut shells, thus lowering the quality of bio-oil. It has been concluded that higher pyrolysis temperature increases the amount of pyrolysis products to a maximum value. It has been recommended to use coconut shell for production of gas, instead of production of bio-oil due to its high proportion of acetic acid.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fuel Yield of Biomaterials Between Fast Pyrolysis and Gasification

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 2-16
Author(s):  
Matthew Charles Stokes Hughes ◽  
Lachlan Mcfall ◽  
Matthew Christiansen ◽  
Nicholas Zepernick
Keyword(s):  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Viable Method ◽  
Lower Heating ◽  
The Ideal

Pyrolysis is a viable method of extracting combustible fuels as gases or liquids from various, high carbon and hydrogen containing biomaterials. This Meta-study attempts to find the ideal combinations of processes for maximising biofuel output by comparing a range of biomaterials (cotton stalks, algae and peach scraps), put through the two primary methods of pyrolysis, through analysis of reactor type, Temperature, particle size and lower heating value achieved from biofuel output. It is proposed that the fast pyrolysis of Algae in a Fluidized bed reactor at a temperature of 550°C is the optimum combination of parameters for maximising biofuel output in terms of bio-oil yield and lower heating value (LHV) in kJ/kg.

scholarly journals Colored cotton wastes valuation through thermal and catalytic reforming of pyrolysis vapors (Py-GC/MS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janduir Egito da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Quintela Calixto ◽  
Rodolfo Luiz Bezerra de Araújo Medeiros ◽  
Marcus Antônio de Freitas Melo ◽  
Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Catalytic Reforming ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton ◽  
Main Influence

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the products of the catalytic pyrolysis of naturally colored cotton residues, type BRS (seeds from Brazil), called BRS-Verde, BRS-Rubi, BRS-Topázio and BRS-Jade. The energy characterization of biomass was evaluated through ultimate and proximate analysis, higher heating value, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content, thermogravimetric analysis and apparent density. Analytical pyrolysis was performed at 500 °C in an analytical pyrolyzer from CDS Analytical connected to a gas chromatograph coupled to the mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The pyrolysis vapors were reformed at 300 and 500 °C through thermal and catalytic cracking with zeolites (ZSM-5 and HZSM-5). It has been noticed that pyrolysis vapor reforming at 500 °C promoted partial deoxygenation and cracking reactions, while the catalytic reforming showed better results for the product deoxygenation. The catalyst reforming of pyrolysis products, especially using HZSM-5 at 500 °C, promoted the formation of monoaromatics such as benzene, toluene, xylene and styrene, which are important precursors of polymers, solvents and biofuels. The main influence on the yields of these aromatic products is due to the catalytic activity of ZSM-5 favored by increased temperature that promotes cracking reactions due expanded zeolites channels.

scholarly journals Screening and selection of camptothecin producing endophytes from Nothapodytes nimmoniana

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. H. Khwajah Mohinudeen ◽  
Saumya Pandey ◽  
Hemalatha Kanniyappan ◽  
Vignesh Muthuvijayan ◽  
Smita Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Study Strategies ◽  
Selective Agent ◽  
Nothapodytes Nimmoniana ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Plant Metabolite ◽  
Produce Plant ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractEndophytic fungi with the ability to produce plant based secondary metabolites are a potential alternative for producing the host plant metabolite and to prevent natural plants from extinction. To isolate a high metabolite yielding endophytic strain from plants, hundreds of endophytic strains are screened and tested for product yield separately under axenic state, before shortlisting the potential endophyte, which involves huge time consumption. In this study, strategies for screening and selection of high camptothecin yielding endophytes from their natural habitat were proposed. A correlation was built between the camptothecin yield in the explants and the endophytes isolated from them. In addition, camptothecin yield was compared between the endophytes isolated from young and matured plants. Further, camptothecin producers and non-producers strains were compared for their tolerance toward camptothecin. The study indicates that high camptothecin yielding endophytes were isolated from high yielding explants and younger plants and they were more tolerant to camptothecin in comparison to non-camptothecin yielding endophytes. Thus, choosing a young and high yielding explant for endophyte isolation, and use of camptothecin as a selective agent in the growth medium, can be instrumental in screening and selection of high camptothecin yielding endophytes from nature in relatively less time.

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