scholarly journals An Experimental Study on the Pressure Range of Fire Cupping Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Soo Kwang An ◽  
Ku Weon Kim ◽  
Ha Lim Lee ◽  
Tae Wook Lee ◽  
Eun Seok Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Cupping Therapy ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Average Pressure ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Cotton Ball ◽  
Large Glass ◽  
Small Glass ◽  
Exerted Pressure

Background: Standardized procedures for the clinical application of fire cupping methods have not been established. In particular, the pressure parameters have not been fully characterized and described. Therefore, using various materials, this study investigated the pressure range exerted during fire cupping therapy. Methods: In this study, 3 differently sized (small, medium, large) glass and bamboo cups were used in the cotton ball fire cupping procedure to measure the pressure inside the cup applied to a human skin model. The pressure in each cup was measured 15 times for a total of 90 measurements. Results: A small bamboo cup had the minimum overall pressure (-305.4 mmHg), whereas the large glass cup exerted the maximum pressure (-401.3 mmHg), followed by the medium glass cup, large bamboo cup, small glass cup, and medium bamboo cup. The average pressure exerted by the cotton ball method for all cups ranged from -348.715 mmHg to -358.694 mmHg (95% confidence interval). Overall, the glass cups had a greater pressure than the bamboo cups in all groups (p < 0.001). Among the glass cups used, the larger the size of the cup, the higher the average pressure detected (-381.947 mmHg to -391.973 mmHg; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Large glass cups which are widely used in clinical practice, when used in the fire cupping method exerted pressure ranging from -381.947 mmHg to -391.973 mmHg (95% CI).

scholarly journals A novel bamboo sheet chair and its influence on sitting comfort

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9476
Author(s):  
Fangcheng Yuan ◽  
Yong Guo ◽  
Yunjiao Shi ◽  
Kaiting Zhang ◽  
Zhenzhen Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Threshold Pressure ◽  
Average Pressure ◽  
Contact Areas ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Office Chair

Background In today’s economy, workers spend increasingly more time in seated positions, leading to a growing scientific interest in chair design. In this study we used body pressure distribution tests to compare a novel bamboo chair with unique structural features to other commonly-used chairs. We studied the bamboo sheet chair’s physical characteristics and comfort to provide a scientific theoretical basis for common use seat design. Methods A total of 25 (14 male and 11 female) subjects participated in the study. Subjects were divided into six groups according to their body characteristics parameters included stature, weight, shoulder breadth, hip breadth, waist width, popliteal height, buttocks-popliteal length, and buttock-abdomen depth, with three groups for males and three groups for females. Each subject was required to complete specified body pressure tests for three different experimental chairs for three minutes and subjective comfort evaluations were also administered. The pressure indexes were measured from the seat pan and backrest and calculated with MATLAB 2015b, which mainly included maximum pressure (Pm), average pressure (Pa), pressure exponent (Pe) and contact area index (PAI). Three pressure threshold limits of 0.67 kPa, 4.00 kPa and 9.33 kPa and four contact surface indexes were used in the experiment to reflect the contact area between human and chair. Results The contact areas in the backrest (52.96 ± 32.94 cm2) and seat pan (307.75 ± 90.31 cm2) in the middle-to-high threshold pressure range, and the contact areas of the backrest (4.34 ± 5.95 cm2) in the high threshold pressure range of bamboo sheet chair were smaller than the corresponding indexes of the common office chair (81.430 ± 45.04 cm2, p = 0.00; 394.39 ± 98.99 cm2, p = 0.02; 13.54 ± 12.00 cm2, p = 0.00, respectively). The pressure index (2.68 ± 0.88 kPa), maximum pressure (6.66 ± 2.05 kPa), and average pressure (2.42 ± 0.59 kPa) values of the bamboo sheet chair backrest were also found to be lower than those of the office chair (4.32 ± 1.62 kPa, p = 0.00; 10.50 ± 3.88 kPa, p = 0.00; 3.43 ± 0.97 kPa, p = 0.00, respectively). The average pressure on the seat pan was greater than 4 kPa for all subjects, while the average pressure on the seat pan was greater than 9.33 kPa for male subjects with a body mass index (BMI) of 27.48. Discussion The bamboo sheet chair’s contact areas within the middle-to-high and high-pressure threshold ranges of the backrest and seat pan were smaller than those of the office chair, indicating that the bamboo sheet chair is effective at relieving pressure. Human body characteristics must be considered in the design of seat functional size. Buttocks-popliteal length, weight, body mass index, body shape and weight distribution, all have important effects on the distribution of body pressure at the human-chair interface.

Numerical Evaluation of Recalling Elasticity due to Surface Roughness by Finite Element Modeling of Human Skin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohisa Yamamoto ◽  
Atsushi Sakuma
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Tactile Perception ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Solid Objects ◽  
Pitch Ratio ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maximum Inclination

Abstract Among human sensations, tactile perception has an important role in physics and in living comfortably. It is already known that surface roughness greatly affects the feel of solid objects, but the mechanics of the relationship between feeling and physics, as well as their effects, are difficult to determine. This study, aims to clarify the numerical relationship between elastic tactile perception and surface roughness of a rigid body by designing various products with surfaces comfortable to touch. The finite element method (FEM) has been adopted for this clarification, and a numerical model of human skin with 3 layers, epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous, has been developed to discuss the mechanical effects of touch movement. This skin model is used to evaluate the distribution of skin deformations during the process of touch movement, and the analysis of the tactile perception is done by discussing the distribution change due to touching objects. The change in distribution of deformation is mainly discussed in terms of pressure under the epidermis, and various patterns of distribution are inspected by changing the diameters and pitch ratio of a uniformly spread ball used as a plain surface. By comparing the relationship between distributions of rigid and elastic surfaces, similar distributions of pressure in the skin model were observed, and the relationships of the distribution are summarized to solve the mechanics of touch feeling. In this summarization, the maximum pressure and the maximum gradient of pressure distribution are adopted as parameters for the analysis. The analysis shows that it is numerically possible to represent the elasticity recalled by the rigid surface from its relationship with the elastic surface when they have the same maximum pressure and maximum inclination of pressure. The importance of maximum inclination of pressure for touch feeling is also shown here.

scholarly journals A Study of Bubble Mineralization by Modified Glass Microspheres Based on a High-Speed Dynamic Microscopic Test System

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanfan Zhang ◽  
Yijun Cao ◽  
Xiaokang Yan ◽  
Lijun Wang ◽  
Yajun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Test System ◽  
Glass Microsphere ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Glass Microspheres ◽  
Large Glass ◽  
Small Glass

The microscopic study of bubble mineralization is an important means of flotation theory research. In order to visualize the research process, it is required that the particles have certain optical properties and the amount of bubbles is controllable. In this paper, the particles were glass microspheres modified with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS). The modification effect was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurements, and a flotation test. The FTIR analysis and flotation test verified that the functional group (-OH) of glass microspheres reacted with the functional group (-Si-Cl) of TMCS and that the glass microsphere surface was successfully modified. The results also showed that the contact angle and hydrophobicity of the glass microspheres of a given size increased with the increase of TMCS. A small glass microsphere required more TMCS during the modification step in order to have the same contact angle as a large glass microsphere. The microscopic process of bubble mineralization was captured by a high-speed dynamic analysis system. The probability of collision between large glass microspheres and bubbles was high, but so was the probability that the microspheres would detach from the bubble. Both the collision probability and the detachment probability between small glass microspheres and bubbles were small, and small glass microspheres were easily affected by the flotation fluid. Besides, small bubbles and fine glass microspheres had a higher flotation recovery than coarse glass microspheres and large bubbles.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the S-shaped load element of the soil tillage machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Special) ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
Nikolay Ustinov ◽  
◽  
Vitaly Mikhailov ◽  
Felix Bulatov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Bearing Element ◽  
Tubular Element

This article discusses the design of the strut of a tillage machine in the form of an S-shaped power element, using flexible tubular elements (Bourdon springs). Racks of this type are proposed for copying the soil microrelief, maintaining the depth of soil cultivation using a hydraulic drive. The possibility of using the S-shaped rack of the tool of the tillage machine, using flexible tubular elements, to ensure the copying of the soil micro-relief, compliance with the specified working depth, has been experimentally proved. Evaluation of the sensitivity and traction capacity of the S-shaped load-bearing element of the rack will allow us to speak of the ability to create displacements within 120 mm and traction forces up to 1600 N, at a maximum pressure of 6 MPa. Keywords: SOIL TILLAGE, TOOL TILLAGE, FLEXIBLE TUBULAR ELEMENT, DEPTH OF SOIL TILLAGE

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Parasitoids Present in Agroforestry in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-91
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
The South ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Glass Containers ◽  
Small Glass ◽  
Frequent Species ◽  
Chicken Viscera

The aim of this study is to report the parasitoids collected on many substrates in the agroforestry area in Brazil. The experimental study was carried out in an agroforestry area in the south of Goiás, Brazil. Traps made of metal containers. They served as baits to attract flies: fish, bovine kidneys, human feces and chicken viscera deposited inside metal containers, on a layer of sand. This sand was sieved after the pupae were extracted and subsequently placed individually in small glass containers to obtain flies and parasitoids. From 745 pupae of dipteran collected 684 parasitoids emerged from 111 pupae. The most frequent species in this study was Aphaereta sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) 52.6%. The total percentage of parasitism obtained at work was 14.9%. Brachymeria podagrica Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) was the species that presented the highest percentage of parasitism with 55.0%, parasitizing Ophyra aenescens L. (Diptera: Muscidae) on human feces substrate

scholarly journals Numerical And Experimental Study Of Multi-Point Forming Of Thick Double-Curvature Plates From Aluminum Alloy 7075

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Belykh ◽  
A. Krivenok ◽  
K. Bormotin ◽  
A. Stankevich ◽  
R. Krupskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Double Curvature ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Forming Temperature ◽  
Aluminum Alloy 7075

<p>The paper describes various rod type work tools intended for forming parts and their design peculiarities and technological processes they are used in. We present the device for multi-point forming thick double-curvature plates with the use of reconfigurable core punch and die in large temperature and speed range. The results of finite element modeling of forming and machining process are demonstrated. It is revealed that heating the work piece results in pressing of the rod into the work piece in the areas of maximum pressure. The depth of pressing depends on mechanical behavior of the material at forming temperature and force to forming rods. The paper presents the results of experiments on developing of multi-point forming plates.</p>

scholarly journals Улучшение растворения лидокаина посредством диспергирования методом быстрого расширения сверхкритического раствора

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1785
Author(s):  
И.В. Кузнецова ◽  
Н.С. Сандугей ◽  
И.И. Гильмутдинов ◽  
И.М. Гильмутдинов ◽  
А.Н. Сабирзянов
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Dissolution Test ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Size Of Particles ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Saline Medium

An experimental study of the grinding of lidocaine by the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS method) was carried out. The experiments were carried out in the pressure range of 10–35 MPa and temperatures of 308–333 K. The analysis of the morphology and size of particles, as well as the effect of the process parameters on them, was carried out. Qualitative and quantitative spectrophotometric analysis was carried out. The dissolution test was carried out in a phosphate buffered saline medium simulating plasma, which showed that the reduction in particle size gave an increased yield of the drug in a shorter period of time compared to the original drug that was not treated.

scholarly journals Pressure Levels in Cupping Therapy: A Systemic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Ku Weon Kim ◽  
Tae Wook Lee ◽  
Ha Lim Lee ◽  
Soo Kwang An ◽  
Hyo Sung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cupping Therapy ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Materials Used

This is a systematic review of the clinical use of cupping therapy. Four domestic databases and 2 foreign databases were searched. Studies that reported the cupping pressure used during cupping therapy were included in this study. The types of cupping, cupping site, pressure, and duration of cupping were the main parameters analyzed. A total of 27 studies, including 24 experimental studies were analyzed. There were 12 constant negative pressure (domestic) studies with a range between 60 mmHg and 600 mmHg. There were 5 maximum negative pressure (domestic) studies and the maximum negative pressure was 620 mmHg. Three studies used a maximum negative pressure of 600 mmHg. There were 4 constant negative pressure (foreign) studies with a range between 75 mmHg to 750 mmHg. There were 3 maximum negative pressure (foreign) studies with a maximum pressure of 420 mmHg. The studies differed with regards to the materials used and the amount of pressure applied. Many studies had limited information and therefore generalizability of the results in this review is limited. Further experimental studies are required to establish the correlation between cupping pressure and treatment effects so that cupping therapy can be standardised.

An experimental study on the filtration test of cotton ball filters

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Sunghong Kim ◽  
◽  
Heejun Kim ◽  
Donghan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cotton Ball
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