scholarly journals Effect of the CDC light trap on control of nocturnal mosquitoes in coastal Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1750-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
TANAWAT CHAIPHONGPACHARA ◽  
SEDTHAPONG LAOJUN ◽  
CHAEKKI KUNPHICHAYADECHA
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Cdc Light Trap ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Filariasis Vector

Chaiphongpachara T, Laojun S, Kunphichayadecha C. 2018. Effect of the CDC light trap on control of nocturnal mosquitoesin coastal Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 19: 1750-1754. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CDC lighttrap on mosquito control and to study the relationship between this effect and weather factors in coastal areas (2 and 4 km from the sea)of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. We conducted a field test by trapping for 30 consecutive days from September to October2017. The trap was hung at a height of 1.5 m and was 50 m away from a house. A total of 2963 adult female mosquitoes of 4 speciesbelonging to 2 genera were trapped, including Anopheles epiroticus Linton & Harbach, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Cx. sitiensWiedmann and Cx. gelidus Theobald. The trapping rate of the CDC light trap set up 2 km from the sea was 85.70±73.81 adultmosquitoes per night. Meanwhile, at the location 4 km from the sea, the trap collected 13.07±11.40 adult mosquitoes per night.Comparing the numbers of mosquitoes captured by the CDC light trap between these two sites, there was a significant difference at p <0.05. This study shows that the CDC light trap can be used for effective control of mosquitoes in coastal areas of Samut SongkhramProvince, Thailand, especially Cx. sitiens, a filariasis vector.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Mosquito Magnet and other collection tools for Anopheles mosquito vectors of simian malaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nantha Kumar Jeyaprakasam ◽  
Sandthya Pramasivan ◽  
Jonathan Wee Kent Liew ◽  
Lun Van Low ◽  
Wan-Yusoff Wan-Sulaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Trap ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Cdc Light Trap ◽  
Simian Malaria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Vector surveillance is essential in determining the geographical distribution of mosquito vectors and understanding the dynamics of malaria transmission. With the elimination of human malaria cases, knowlesi malaria cases in humans are increasing in Malaysia. This necessitates intensive vector studies using safer trapping methods which are both field efficient and able to attract the local vector populations. Thus, this study evaluated the potential of Mosquito Magnet as a collection tool for Anopheles mosquito vectors of simian malaria along with other known collection methods. Methods A randomized 4 × 4 Latin square designed experiment was conducted to compare the efficiency of the Mosquito Magnet against three other common trapping methods: human landing catch (HLC), CDC light trap and human baited trap (HBT). The experiment was conducted over six replicates where sampling within each replicate was carried out for 4 consecutive nights. An additional 4 nights of sampling was used to further evaluate the Mosquito Magnet against the “gold standard” HLC. The abundance of Anopheles sampled by different methods was compared and evaluated with focus on the Anopheles from the Leucosphyrus group, the vectors of knowlesi malaria. Results The Latin square designed experiment showed HLC caught the greatest number of Anopheles mosquitoes (n = 321) compared to the HBT (n = 87), Mosquito Magnet (n = 58) and CDC light trap (n = 13). The GLMM analysis showed that the HLC method caught significantly more Anopheles mosquitoes compared to Mosquito Magnet (P = 0.049). However, there was no significant difference in mean nightly catch of Anopheles mosquitoes between Mosquito Magnet and the other two trapping methods, HBT (P = 0.646) and CDC light traps (P = 0.197). The mean nightly catch for both An. introlatus (9.33 ± 4.341) and An. cracens (4.00 ± 2.273) caught using HLC was higher than that of Mosquito Magnet, though the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). This is in contrast to the mean nightly catch of An. sinensis (15.75 ± 5.640) and An. maculatus (15.78 ± 3.479) where HLC showed significantly more mosquito catches compared to Mosquito Magnet (P < 0.05). Conclusions Mosquito Magnet has a promising ability to catch An. introlatus and An. cracens, the important vectors of knowlesi and other simian malarias in Peninsular Malaysia. The ability of Mosquito Magnet to catch some of the Anopheles mosquito species is comparable to HLC and makes it an ethical and safer alternative. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THE CDC LIGHT TRAP AND THE DYNATRAP® DT2000 FOR COLLECTION OF MOSQUITOES IN SEMI-FIELD AND FIELD SETTINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Nicholas Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Cdc Light Trap ◽  
Control Programs

The CDC light trap has been the standard used by mosquito control programs to conduct mosquito and arbovirus surveillance. For the last two decades, this trap has been used with little to no modifications to its original design. Recently, new traps that utilize different light sources, modified designs, and attractants have been developed and evaluated against the CDC light trap. A semi-field and field comparison of the Dynatrap® (Model DT2000) against the CDC light trap was conducted at Anastasia Mosquito Control District. The DT2000 varies from the CDC light trap with a UV light, trapdoor/fan mechanism, and Atrakta lure which is a combination of lactic acid, ammonia, and hexanoic acid. Overall, the DT2000 collected 56% (327/600) of the Ae. aegypti released in the semifield cage, compared to 18.5% (111/600) collected by the CDC light traps. These findings suggest that the DT2000 outperformed the CDC light trap in collecting Ae. aegypti. In the field, the DT2000 collected nine target mosquito species while the CDC light trap collected four target species. The DT2000 averaged 109 ± 97.46 mosquitoes and the CDC light trap averaged 8 ± 4.64 mosquitoes. The DT2000 presented functional limitations in the field as an electrical outlet was required. Study findings suggest that where an electrical outlet is available, the DT2000 may be an alternative to the CDC light trap for mosquito surveillance.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effectiveness of Various Adult Mosquito Sampling Methods in a Thickly Populated Urban Slum Settlement - A study from Besant Nagar, Chennai, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangamithra Ravishankaran ◽  
Aswin Asokan ◽  
Johnson Amala Justin N A ◽  
Shalu Thomas ◽  
Vasna Joshua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cdc Light Trap

Abstract BackgroundIn an urban scenario, it is an arduous task to collect adult Anopheles stephensi, unlike the immature forms due to various reasons such as the complex spatial heterogeneity, intricacies in feeding, and resting preferences. Thus it is necessary to have more specific and accurate assessments of adult vector density by performing various collection methods and timeframes to achieve appropriate and sustainable vector control strategies.Methods The study was undertaken in two phases, (i) resting dawn collections in cattle sheds from Jan 2015 to Dec 2016 to assess the possibility of maximum collection of An. stephensi compared to dusk collections done previously and to find out the best appropriate collection strategy for vector control and (ii) light trap collections from Jan 2016 to Apr 2017 to determine the efficiency and reliability of CDC light trap in sampling the anophelines including the urban malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi in human dwellings besides, other mosquito species. The man-hour density of An. stephensi in cattle sheds were calculated and its infection rate was analyzed by circum-sporozoite ELISA (CS-ELISA). Binary logistic regression analysis was done to ascertain the variables associated with the collection of Anopheles stephensi using a light trap.Results The resting collections in cattle sheds indicated that dawn collections yielded more Anopheles stephensi than at dusk. The resting stage female (fully fed, semi-gravid, and gravid) mosquitoes were more in dawn collections than in dusk collections. The CDC-light trap collections revealed that An. stephensi collected indoors were more than outdoor in human dwellings. Further, vector incrimination results observed that 0.56% of the female An. stephensi from cattle sheds were infected in 2014 (dusk), 0.15%, and 0.09% in 2015 and 2016 respectively in dawn collections. Nevertheless, 2.3% of An. stephensi collected by CDC light trap in human dwellings were positive for Plasmodium vivax (Pv210) infection. Binary logistic regression analysis proved that the presence of An. stephensi in human dwellings was significantly influenced by seasons, the number of rooms in the house, number of household members, and also the use of repellents.ConclusionsThe different collection (resting and light trap) approaches were assessed to find out the appropriate collection method and time which could yield the maximum number of An. stephensi with the existing resources. The study revealed that dawn collections during the early hours as the most suitable time to collect wild An. stephensi in an urban setting. The present study thus would help in chalking out an operationally feasible vector control strategy with the most appropriate methodology, timeframe useful for effective control of vectors.

scholarly journals 58 The relationship between the first harmonic intensity levels among boer goat siblings from birth to weaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
Thomas A Burke ◽  
Rachael C Quandt ◽  
Samantha S Bartley ◽  
Brandon Forshey
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Harmonic Intensity ◽  
Boer Goat ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Boer Goats ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study was conducted to determine whether the intensity levels of the first harmonic in small ruminants, such as Boer goats, are common among siblings or are affected by the environment in which they are raised. The first harmonic of a vocalization is the lowest frequency heard from that vocalization. All sequential harmonics are based upon the first. Three pens (2.44m x 3.05m) were created to control the external sound stimuli to which the kids (n=13) were exposed to. Pen 1 (n=4; 6, 7, 8, 9) was set up adjacent to the dams to ensure adult goat vocalizations were heard. Pen 2 (n=5; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) involved a recording of a human voice played on a CD player. Pen 3 (n=4; 10, 11, 12, 13) was set up to limit external sound stimuli. Kids were placed in each pen upon birth order with the exception of one set of twins in pen 2. A set of triplets was included in the study with one sibling in each pen. Recordings were conducted using VoceVista Video software 1x/wk for 7 wk, from birth to weaning. Intensity levels of the first harmonic from each recording of each kid were compared to intensity levels of any of its siblings included in the study. One example of same sex siblings showed a significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) from each other’s first harmonic intensity levels. Siblings of opposite genders showed no difference in intensity level in the first harmonics. The results of this study indicate that the intensity levels of the first harmonic of goat kids in the first 7 wks could be a result of relatedness rather than the influence of external sound. Additionally, the development the first harmonic intensity level among siblings is independent of external sound and gender.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CDC LIGHT TRAP, BG SENTINEL TRAP, AND MMX TRAP FOR THE COLLECTION OF SALT MARSH MOSQUITOES IN ANASTASIA STATE PARK, SAINT AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Daniel Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cdc Light Trap ◽  
Geometry Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flow Geometry ◽  
Aedes Taeniorhynchus ◽  
Bg Sentinel

Salt marsh mosquitoes are major nuisance pests during the periods of high mosquito activity, especially after major storm events. In 2016-2017, Saint John’s County, Florida, USA was struck by two major hurricanes that resulted in multiple outbreaks of salt marsh mosquito populations. To optimize the surveillance of two salt marsh mosquitoes, (Aedes taeniorhynchus and Ae. sollicitans, three types of traps (the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Light trap, Biogents Sentinel (BG) trap and Counter Flow Geometry Model (MMX) trap were tested for their capacity to capture the highest numbers of high quality live specimens for laboratory bioassays. Each trap type was tested in Anastasia State Park, located along a major salt marsh area in Saint John’s County. Although the MMX trap captured most of the salt marsh mosquitoes collected, the numbers of mosquitoes captured was not statistically significant compared to the other trap types. However, there was a significant difference in the numbers between Ae. taeniorhynchus and Ae. sollicitans in the MMX traps. The MMX trap is preferred for capturing salt marsh mosquitoes that are in high quality for the CDC bottle bioassays.

The relationship between CDC light-trap and human-bait catches of endophagic sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Peruvian Andes

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. DAVIES ◽  
R. R. LANE ◽  
P. VILLASECA ◽  
S. PYKE ◽  
P. CAMPOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Trap ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
Cdc Light Trap ◽  
The Relationship

The Effects of Drying Techniques on Clay-Rich Soil Texture

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
T. G. Naymik
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quartz Grains

Three techniques were incorporated for drying clay-rich specimens: air-drying, freeze-drying and critical point drying. In air-drying, the specimens were set out for several days to dry or were placed in an oven (80°F) for several hours. The freeze-dried specimens were frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen or in isopentane at near liquid nitrogen temperature and then were immediately placed in the freeze-dry vacuum chamber. The critical point specimens were molded in agar immediately after sampling. When the agar had set up the dehydration series, water-alcohol-amyl acetate-CO2 was carried out. The objectives were to compare the fabric plasmas (clays and precipitates), fabricskeletons (quartz grains) and the relationship between them for each drying technique. The three drying methods are not only applicable to the study of treated soils, but can be incorporated into all SEM clay soil studies.

Relationship between Thyroglobulin and Tumor Detectabilily with Thallium-201 in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Müller ◽  
Ch. Reiners ◽  
A. Bockisch ◽  
Katja Brandt-Mainz
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Tsh Suppression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Specificity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tumor Scintigraphy ◽  
Tsh Stimulation

Summary Aim: Tumor scintigraphy with 201-TICI is an established diagnostic method in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer. We investigated the relationship between thyroglobulin (Tg) level and tumor detectability. Subject and methods: We analyzed the scans of 122 patients (66 patients with proven tumor). The patient population was divided into groups with Tg above (N = 33) and below (N = 33) 5 ng/ml under TSH suppression or above (N = 33) and below (N = 33) 50 ng/ml under TSH stimulation. Tumor detectability was compared by ROC-analysis (True-Positive-Fraction test, specificity 90%). Results: There was no significant difference (sensitivity 75% versus 64%; p = 0.55) for patients above and below 5 ng/ml under TSH suppression and a just significant difference (sensitivity 80% versus 58%; p = 0.04) for patients above and below 50 ng/ml under TSH stimulation. In 18 patients from our sample with tumor, Tg under TSH suppression was negative, but 201-TICI-scan was able to detect tumor in 12 patients. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate only a moderate dependence of tumor detectability on Tg level, probably without significant clinical relevance. Even in patients with slight Tg elevation 201-TICI scintigraphy is justified.

Fecundity and Gonado-somatic Index of Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) Along the Zamboanga del Norte Coast

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Ma. Dulce C. Guillena
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Moon Phases ◽  
Ovary Weight ◽  
Moment Coefficient ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Somatic Index

Gonado-somatic index and fecundity are tools for measuring the sexual maturity and ability of animals to reproduce.  This study investigates the reproduction of Trichiurus lepturus. Specifically, this aimed to determine the sex ratio, the GSI, the relationship between fecundity and total length, fecundity and total weight, fecundity and ovary weight. The Descriptive Method of research was used.  Percentage and chi-square was utilized in determining the percentage of occurrence and sex ratio respectively.   Pearson r Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation was used to determine the relationships of the parameters. The study revealed that females outnumbered males and the sex ratio for different month showed significant difference.  Spawning season was observed to occur in November and December as revealed in its GSI values and it synchronized with the full and new moon phases.  Fecundity is positively correlated with body weight, body size, and ovary weight where ovary weight is observed to be the best index for fecundity.  The results of this study could be used further for formal stock assessment of cutlassfish fishery.

Work Stress and Organisational Citizenship Behaviours (OCBs) in Call Centers Employees

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita ◽  
Urvashi Singh ◽  
Shalini Singh ◽  
Rajnee Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Call Centers ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Call Centre ◽  
Simple Correlation ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Stress At Work ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between organisational stress and organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) in employees of call centers. The study also further explored as how stress at work set-up has negative impact on OCBs. A sample of 250 employees working in call centre of Gurgaon belonging to an age group of 25-30 years were selected on availability basis. All were working married couples living in nuclear families. Job stress survey (Spielberger & Vagg, 1999) and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (Bateman & Organ, 1983) were administered. Data was analysed by using simple correlation and multiple regression. Results showed the negative relationship between organisational stress and OCBs. Results of regression analysis also exhibited the negative impact of stress on OCBs. The implications for the employees are discussed.

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